SPECIFIC ASPECTS REGARDING THE GEARINGS USE

FOR THE PRINCIPAL TRANSMISSION OF THE MOTOR

VEHICULES.

Silvaş Ioan Dănuţ

SC Schuster Salubritrans SRL TG Mureş

Key words: principal transmisssion, gearings (conical, hypoid, worms, spiroid)

Abstract: This work analyses and focuses on the basic tendencies in choosing the constructive
answers for different types of gearings which are used for principal transmission of the motor vehicles.
There are comparative appreciations of the way of behaving as regarding the reliability and the
maintenance of this gearings.

Introduction

Principal transmission – role, conditions, classification

Motor axle transmits the motor torque to the wheels. It is that kind of bridge on which the
principal transmission is.
Principal transmission has to multiply the moment-motor and transmit it with the auto differential
gear’s help, the differential shafts arranged in the most of the cases at a right angle to the pinion’s
axis of the principal transmission. The motor vehicles with transversal disposing of the motor, the
principal transmission has to transmit the motor torque between the shafts with parallel axes. In
this case the gear used in the auto differential construction is a cylidrical one.
The tasks of the principal transmission and the auto differential gear are: to ensure the high
qualities: dynamic and economical; to reduce the siye; to work without noise; to allow the
adjustment; easy to be disassembled; to be strong and lasting; to have high-efficiency.

Depending the type of the gearings which are used in the construction of the principal
transmissions, there are four types of transmissions:

 With conical gear wheels;

 With cylidrical gear wheels ;
 With worms gear;
 With came;

Depending the usage of the auto differential gears, the principal transmissions can be:

 With simple auto differentials;

 With blocking auto differentials;
 With autoblocking auto differentials;
 1.TYPES OF GEARINGS AND CONSTRUCTIVE ANSWERS
IN PRINCIPAL TRANSMISSIONS

The gear teeth of conical gearings can be: right, inclined, circular (Gleason), involute, epicycloide
or hipocycloide.

Fig 1 Type of the gear teeth [3]

a.) - conical gearings ; b,c) – hypoide gearings

Fig 2 Type of the principal transmissions [3]

Kinematics block and construction of the simple differential with conical gear wheels

1,8 – differential shaft ; 2,3 – washers ; 4 – gear wheel ; 5 – bolt ; 6,10 – satellite gear ;
7 – body ; 9,12 – differential pinions ; 11 - screw.

Fig 3 Differential with conical gear wheels [3]

The benefit of conic gearings:

 The reduced size of the gearing;

 The minimum number of the teeth is smaller than that of gearings with right or inclined teeth
(5..6, compare to 12..13);
 The noise is lower than that of gearings with right or inclined teeth;
  There is the posibility of taking over greater tasks as the number of the teeth involved
simultaneously in the gearing is bigger.

The structure of the simple auto differential with hypoid gearing

1- differential pinion ; 2- crown wheel ; 3,4,7,8 - bearings ; 5,6 - differential shaft ; 9 – body ;
10 – satellite gear

Fig 4 Differential with hypoid gearing [4]

The benefits of the hypoide gearings

 The hypoid gearing has a slower working;

 It permits the setting of the differential pinion between the bearings;
 It bears heavier loads;
 Great reliability;
 The maintenance costs are the lowest;
 It ensures the increase of the light on the ground;
 As regarding the final transmissions of the motor vehicles, the hypoide gearings are
the best for the actual requirements of the constructors.

The structure of the auto differential with worm gearing

1 – worm , 2 – worm gear

Fig 5 Differential with worm gearing [3]

Advantages and disadvantages of worm gearings

Advantages:
  Great reports of transmission;
 Reduced size.

Disadvantages:
 Law efficiency;
 High cost;
 Unsatisfactory oiling;
 The appearance of the self-braking fenomenon.
These disadvantages lead to the reduction of the efficiency and the increase of the
maintenance costs. That’s why these types of gearings are rarely used.

The differential with spyroid gearing

40 –spyroid worm, 24 – spyroid worm gear, 72, 73 – differential shaft

Fig 6 Differential with spyroid gearing [1]

The advantages of spyroide gearings:

 Great reports of transmission;
 Reduced size;
 The oiling is better than that of worm gearings;
 Reduced cost;
 The self-braking fenomenon is more reduced than in case of the worm gearings.

3. Conclusion
The principal transmissions of auto vehicles allow the usage of many types of gearings; each
of them having specific advantages. A new alternative, regarding the construction of principal
transmission is that which uses spyroide gearings.
Auto vehicles constructors will choose the constructive answers of gearings in order to ensure
the implementation of the conditions which are specific to the new type of auto vehicle.

4. References:
1. Anthony R. Caringella, James A. Gruszkowski, Wesley P. Nowakowski, Patent
USA nr 6325738, 4 Dec 2001, Limited slip differential, Illinois Tool Works Inc.
2. Bolos, V,(1999) Angrenaje melcate spiroide / Danturarea roţilor plane, Editura
Universităţii“ Petru Maior”, Tg Mureş
3. Frăţilă, Gh., (1977), Calculul şi construcţia automobilelor,EDP, Bucureşti
4. Untaru,M. ş.a.,(1982) Calcului şi construcţia automobilelor, EDP, Bucureşti