Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
*
G.R. No. 92163. June 5, 1990.
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* EN BANC.
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NARVASA, J.:
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“We are aware of the fact that this observation refers to Article
71 (later 75) of the Spanish Penal Code (the counterpart of our
Article 48), as amended in 1908 and then in 1932, reading:
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and that our Article 48 does not contain the qualification inserted
in said amendment, restricting the imposition of the penalty for
the graver offense in its maximum period to the case when it does
not exceed the sum total of the penalties imposable if the acts
charged were dealt with separately. The absence of said limitation
in our Penal Code does not, to our mind, affect substantially the
spirit of said Article 48. Indeed, if one act constitutes two or more
offenses, there can be no reason to inflict a punishment graver
than that prescribed for each one of said offenses put together. In
directing that the penalty for the graver offense be, in such case,
imposed in its maximum period, Article 48 could have had no
other purpose than to prescribe a penalty lower than the
aggregate of the penalties for each offense, if imposed separately.
The reason for this benevolent spirit of Article 48 is readily
discernible. When two or more crimes are the result of a single
act, the offender is deemed less perverse than when he commits
said crimes thru separate and distinct acts. Instead of sentencing
him for each crime independently from the other, he must suffer
the maximum of the penalty for the more serious one, on the
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13 Id., at 551.
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14
tioned information. There is nothing inherently irregular
or contrary to law in filing against a respondent an
indictment for an offense different from what is charged in
the initiatory complaint, if warranted by the evidence
developed during the preliminary investigation.
It is also contended that the respondent Judge issued
the warrant for petitioner’s arrest without first personally
determining the existence of probable cause by examining
under oath or affirmation the complainant and his
witnesses, in 15
violation of Art. III, sec. 2, of the
Constitution. This Court has already ruled, however, that
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issued by a Court.
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should not disregard the facts before the judge nor run counter to
the clear dictates of reason (See La Chemise Lacoste, S.A. v.
Fernandez, 129 SCRA 391). The judge or fiscal, therefore, should
not go on with the prosecution in the hope that some credible
evidence might later turn up during trial for this would be a
flagrant violation of a basic right which the courts are created to
uphold. It bears repeating that the judiciary lives up to its
mission by vitalizing and not denigrating constitutional rights. So
it has been before. It should continue to be so.” (id., pp. 461-462)
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3 Supra, 521.
4 US v. Santiago, 41 Phil. 793 (1917).
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