GLIPA, Annray Justine T.

Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Muscular System

Origin Insertion Action

Name of Muscle Description
(O) (I) (A)
I. Dermal/Integumentary
Covers entire lateral surface of Outer surface of
thorax and abdomen latissimus dorsi,
A. Panniculus carnosus/ Cutaneous maximus Skin Shakes the skin
medial side of
humerus, linea alba
Found on the under surface of the Skin of ears, eyelids, Movement of ears,
B. Platysma Hyoid arch
skin of the neck and head lips, etc. eyelids, and lips
II. Abdominal Wall
Large muscle constituting the
Lumbodorsal fascia Inguinal ligament Constrictor of the
A. External oblique outermost layer of the abdominal
and posterior ribs abdomen
wall
Short muscle lying beneath the Second sheet of the
more dorsal portion of the lumbodorsal fascia, On the linea alba by the Compressor of the
B. Internal oblique
external oblique posterior ribs and extensive aponeurosis abdomen
inguinal ligament
Directed ventrally and slightly Second sheet of the
On the linea alba by the
posteriorly lumbodorsal fascia, Compressor of the
C. Transversus abdominis extensive aponeurosis
posterior ribs and abdomen
inguinal ligament
Long slender muscle on each side Retracts ribs and
of the linea alba, extending from Anterior end of the Sternum and costal sternum and
D. Rectus abdominis the pubic symphysis to the pubic symphysis cartilages compresses
anterior part of the thorax abdomen
 III. Epaxial Muscles
Consists of a number of fleshy
and tendinous fasciculi, which fill
up the groove on either side of Transverse processes Spinous process 2-3 Extend and flex
A. Multifidus spinae
the spinous processes of c2-sacral segments above origin vertebral column
the vertebrae, from the sacrum to
the axis
1. Semispinalis Any of three muscles of the
cervical and thoracic parts of the
spinal column that arise from
Transverse processes Spinous process 1-7 Extend and flex
transverse processes of the
of cervical and superior to origin, nucal vertebral column,
vertebrae and pass to spinous
thoracic vertebrae lines of skull head and neck
processes higher up and that help
to form a layer underneath the
sacrospinalis muscle
B. Sacrospinalis 2. Longissimus Muscle lateral to the semispinalis;
It is the longest subdivision of the Transverse processes of
Iliac crest, sacrum, Extend and flex
erector spinae that extends the thoracic and cervical
lumbar and sacral vertebral column
forward into the transverse vertebrae, mastoid
spinous processes and head
processes of the posterior cervical process
vertebrae
3. Iliocostalis The lateral division of the Iliac crest, sacrum, Angles of ribs,
Extend and flex
sacrospinalis muscle that helps to lumbar and sacral transverse processes c4-
vertebral column
keep the trunk erect spinous processes c6
IV. Chest muscle
Large muscle covering most of
A. Pectoralis major Sternum
the surface of the chest
Draws the arm
slender muscle at the anterior end Humerus
Manubrium of toward the chest
B. Pectoralis primus of the pectoralis major and
sternum
covering its anterior fibers
Similar to pectoralis major; Draws arm and
Clavicle and spine of
C. Pectoralis minor inserted by some fibers on the Manubrium shoulder toward
the scapula
clavicle the chest
V. Neck and throat muscle
Long muscle in the median line of
Draws the hyoid
the neck, the two members of the Manubrium of the Anterior horn of the
A. Sternohyoid posteriorly or
pair being closely fused in the sternum hyoid
raises the sternum
median ventral line
Long muscle on each side of the
Singly turn
sternohyoid, the two members of Ventral to the
Mastoid process of the the head, together
B. Sternomastoid the pair converging toward the manubrium of the
skull depress the head
manubrium of the sternum ventral sternum
on the neck
to the origin of preceding
Long, strap-shaped muscle which
Mastoid region of the Elevates clavicle
C. Cleidomastoid is more medial and lies lateral and Clavicle
skull or turns the head
somewhat dorsal to sternomastoid
Long, strap-shaped muscle which
is slightly lateral to the Elevates clavicle
D. Basioclavicularis Occipital bone Clavicle
sternomastoid at its cranial end or turns the head
but crosses ventral to it caudally
Continuation of the cleidomastoid Raises the
E. Clavodeltoid Clavicle Humerus
and basioclavicularis humerus
Great mass of muscle covering
Outer surface of the Closes the lower
the angle of the jaws, its outer
F. Masseter Zygomatic arch posterior end of the jaw (elevator of
surface with a very tough shining
mandible the jaw)
fascia
.Muscle along the ventral surface
Ventral surface of the
G. Digastric of each half of the jaw bone, Occipital bone Opens the jaw
mandible
terminating in a slender tendon
 .Thin sheet of muscle crossing Raises the door of
transversely between and dorsal Median ventral line and the mouth and
H. Mylohyoid Mandible
to the two digastrics the hyoid brings the hyoid
forward
Muscle found on each side of the Pulls the larynx
I. Sternothyroid Sternum Thyroid cartilage
trachea, dorsal to the sternohyoid posteriorly
Thin muscle at each side of the
J. Thyrohyoid larynx, extending from the thyroid - - Raises the larynx
cartilage to the hyoid
VI. Upper back and shoulder
large, flat muscle extending Crest of the medial side
Lumbodorsal fascia Draws the arm
A. Latissimus dorsi obliquely from the middle of the of humerus (covered by
& posterior ribs caudad and dorsad
back to the forelimb chest muscles)
Flat, thin muscles covering the Lumbodorsal fascia
Draws the scapula
B. Posterior trapezius upper back and back of the neck & neural spines of Spine of scapula
dorsally
anterior to the latissimus dorsi thoracic vertebrae
Flat, thin muscles covering the External occipital
Draws the scapula
upper back and back of the neck protuberance of skull
C. Anterior trapezius and limb upward
anterior to the latissimus dorsi & ligament in the
and forward
middorsal line
Metacromion process
Long, slender muscle running Ventral surface of the
along the ventral border of the skull at the suture Pulls the scapula
D. Levator scapulae ventralis or major
anterior trapezius between occipital and anteriorly
basisphenoid
large, thick muscle extending Middorsal ligament
Draws the scapula
from the vertebral border of the of the neck and Vertebral border of the
E. Rhomboideus toward vertebral
scapula to the middorsal line succeeding neural scapula
column
spines
A fairly broad but thin muscle on
Middorsal line of Turns the head,
the back of the anterior Occipital region of skull
F. Splenius neck and adjacent together raise the
part of the neck under the anterior and atlas
fascia head
trapezius.
 The muscle beneath the pectoralis
minor Greater tuberosity of Extends the
G. Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa
humerus humerus

Deltoids (3): A small triangular

muscle lateral to the clavodeltoid Acromion process
H. 2nd deltoid
(1st; already considered) Raises the
Humerus
Lateral to the second Fascia of the muscle humerus
I. 3rd deltoid and is a longer muscle. filling the
infraspinous fossa
The muscle partly covered by the
Infraspinous fossa Greater tuberosity of Extends the
J. Infraspinatus third deltoid, which is
and spine humerus humerus
attached to its surface.
The stout muscle along the Dorsal half of the
K. Teres major axillary border of the scapula axillary border of Humerus Draws humerus
behind the preceding. the scapula against body and
A small Ventral half of the rotates it
Greater tuberosity
L. Teres minor but stout muscle on the inner axillary border of
of the humerus
surface of the infraspinatus. the scapula
Slender, bandlike muscle lies in
contact w/ the inner surface of Side of the skull Posterior end of Draws scapula
M. Rhomboideus capitis (levator scapulae minor) the rhomboideus; passes along the above the the vertebral border on craniad and rotates
external surface of the splenius to tympanic bulla the medial side it
the skull.
A large muscle that completely
Pulls the humerus
covers the medial or inner surface Medial surface of Lesser tuberosity
N. Subscapularis toward the median
of the scapula. the scapula of the humerus
ventral line
A large, fan-shaped muscle that Anterior: transverse
Draws scapula
extends anteriorly and posteriorly processes of the Vertebral border of
forward,
O. Serratus ventralis from the scapula to the walls of cervical vertebrae the scapula above
backward, or
the thorax. Posterior: seven the subscapularis
against the body
slips from the ribs
 Several, long, flat muscles
extending from the transverse Raise the ribs and
P. Scalenes - -
processes of the cervical vertebrae bend the neck
to the ribs.
A strong aponeurosis (part of the
lumbodorsal fascia), in the ventral
Tendon from the Raises the ribs
Q. Serratus dorsalis part of which muscle Ribs
median dorsal line craniad
fibers are present which are
inserted on the ribs by slips.
A series of muscles that is seen Posterior margins Anterior margins of
Pulls the ribs
R. External intercostal running from one rib to the next of the vertebral the succeeding
forward
one on the sides of chest. ribs vertebral ribs
Fibers that are seen being directed
S. Internal intercostal obliquely forward if external Margins of the vertebral and sternal ribs. Lower the ribs
intercostal is cut through.
VII. Upper arm/forearm
A. Triceps brachii (3 heads): The great extensor mass on the
- - -
back of the upper arm
1. Long head Large mass on the back of the Scapula, from the
upper arm axillary border
2. Lateral head Found on the lateral surface of the
Greater tuberosity of
upper arm, ventral to the
the humerus
preceding
Great extensors of
3. Medial head In contact with the humerus Dorsal surface of the Olecranon
the forearm
humerus
B. Epitrochlearis or extensor antibrachii Found on the medial surface of Fascia on the lower
the long head of the triceps part of the medial
surface of the long
head of the triceps
 C. Biceps brachii .A spindle-shaped muscle found
by removing the insertions of the
Glenoid fossa
pectoral muscles on the anterior
Flexor of the
surface of the upper arm Radius and ulna
forearm
D. Brachialis Is lateral to the biceps and in Ventral and lateral
contact with the humerus surface of the
humerus
VIII. Thigh and Shank Muscle
A. Tensor fasciae latae The anterior half of the lateral
surface of the thigh is covered by
a tough fascia or aponeurosis
Illium In the fascia Tightens the fascia
called. fascia lata. In the dorsal
part of this will be found a short
muscle, the tensor fasciae latae
B. Biceps femoris Posterior to the fascia occupying Smaller anterior head:
the middle portion of the lateral neural spine of Abductor of the
Tendon on the kneecap
surface of the thigh is the large adjacent vertebrae thigh and flexor of
and fascia of the shank
biceps femoris. Larger posterior head: the shank
ischial tuberosity
C. Gluteus maximus A thin muscle whose posterior
Fascia of sacrum and
part is partly covered by the Third trochanter Abducts the thigh
part of ilium
biceps femoris.
D. Gluteus medius Larger, thicker muscle anterior to
Crest and anterior
the preceding and partly covered Greater trochanter Abducts the thigh
part of ilium
by it
Quadriceps femoris E. Vastus lateralis Under the fascia will now he seen Tibia and patella,
Powerful extensor
the stout Greater trochanter tendon extending to the
of the shank
vastus lateralis patella
 F. Vastus intermedius Posterior part of the preceding
muscle. It is partly separable from
Greater trochanter
the vastus lateralis and lies
and surface of femur
between this and the anterior head
of the biceps femoris.
G. Rectus femoris The thin muscle which is folded (1) Ilium and fascia
over the anterior margin of the lata fused with
- -
thigh; it extends on both lateral fibers of tensor
and medial surfaces of the thigh. fasciae latae
(2) Ilium in front of
the acetabulum
H. Vastus medialis On the medial side of the thigh
posterior to the first part of the Femur
rectus femoris
I. Sartorius The very long, narrow muscle Adductor of the
extending like a band along the thigh,
middle of the medial surface of Inguinal ligament Tibia rotator of thigh,
the thigh extensor of the
shank
J. Gracilis A large, thin muscle over the Fascia of distal portion
Adductor of the
posterior half of the medial Pubic symphysis of thigh and proximal
leg
surface of the thigh. portion of shank
K. Adductor longus and adductor magnus Two stout muscles, their fibers
running from the median ventral
line to the femur. The anterior
Ischium Femur Adductors of thigh
muscle is the adductor longus; the
posterior one, the adductor
magnus.
L. Semitendinosus A cylindrical muscle Ischial tuberosity Medial condyle of tibia Flexor of the
M. Semimembranosus Forms the posterior margin of the Fascia over biceps Gracilis in the fascia of shank
thigh, between the biceps femoris
and ischial tuberosity the shank
and the adductor magnus.
N. Tibialis anterior
O. Peroneus
P. Gastrocnemius
Q. Soleus
R. Plantaris
S. Other muscles of shank
1. Extensor hallucis
2. Extensor digitorum longus
3. Flexor digitorum longus
The most anterior of the muscles
Lateral condyle and
of the lateral surface is the tibialis 2nd metatarsal
tuberosity of tibia
anterior.
Dorsal to the preceding on the Flexor of the foot
lateral surface, consisting of a
Tibia and fibula Metatarsals
group of several more or less
fused muscles
The thin but broad muscle
forming the caudal surface of the
Lateral and median
shank, divisible into two nearly
condyle of tibia and
separate portions, one of which is
femur Strong tendon, Tendon
on the lateral, one on the medial,
of Achilles which
surface of the shank. Extends the foot
passes through the heel
Internal to that part of the
bone (calcaneus)
gastrocnemius which is on the Head of fibula
lateral surface of the thigh
Situated internal to that part of the Lateral condyle of
gastrocnemius which is medial. femur
The medial surface of the tibia
Long, slender tendons Flex and extends
Covered by the tibialis anterior -
of the digits the digits
Between the tibia and the soleus
and plantaris