GENERAL ZOOLOGY:

COMPILATION OF
LABORATORY ACTIVTES

Submitted by: REUN ANDREW G. HIBIONADA

Submitted to: JUAN MIGUEL R. REYES, PTR

 MICROSCOPY
Microscope is a tool for us to see things that cannot be seen by our naked eyes. The more it is clearer
the more detailed it is.

LEGENDS:

EYEPIECE (OCULAR) LIGHT SOURCE OBJ. LENSES

HEAD COARSE ADJUSTMENT STAGE

IRIS DIAPHRAGM FINE ADJUSTMENT STAGE CLIP

STAGE CONTROL ARM REV. NOSEPIECE

MECAHANICAL PARTS AND ITS FUNCTIONS:

EYEPIECE (OCULAR) – magnifying lenses to look through.

IRIS DIAPHRAGM – regulates the amount of light on the specimen.
STAGE CONTROL – moves the stage side by side for focusing the slide.
LIGHT SOURCE – projects light upward through the diaphragm the specimen and the lenses.
COARSE ADJUSTMENT – moves the stage up and down for focusing.
FINE ADJUSTMENT – moves the stage slightly to sharpen the image.
ARM – used to support the microscope when carried.
OBJECTIVE LENSES – magnification ranges from 10× to 40× to 100×.
STAGE – supports the slide being viewed.
STAGE CLIP – holds the specimen in place.
REVOLVING NOSEPIECE – holds the high and low power objective lenses, can be rotated to change
magnification.

HOW TO USE A MICROSCOPE:

 Set your microscope on a tabletop or other flat, sturdy surface where you will have plenty of
room to work. Plug the microscope’s power cord into an outlet. (Note: some compound
microscopes don’t use electric lighting, but have a mirror to focus natural light instead.)
 Switch on your microscope’s light source and then adjust the diaphragm to the largest hole
diameter, allowing the greatest amount of light through. If you have an iris diaphragm, slide the
lever till the most light comes through. See the diagram below for help locating these parts.
 Rotate the nosepiece to the lowest-power objective usually 4x for 40x magnification). It is easiest
to scan a slide at a low setting, since you have a wider field of view at low power.
 Place a microscope slide on the stage, either under the stage clips or clipped onto the mechanical
stage if your microscope has one. A prepared slide works best when you do this for the first time.
(If you do not have a prepared slide, place a strand of colored yarn or thread on a blank slide
and place a coverslip over it.) Move the slide until the specimen is under the objective lens.
 Adjust the large coarse focus knob until the specimen is in focus. Slowly move the slide to center
the specimen under the lens, if necessary. Do this by nudging it gently with your fingers or by
turning the slide control knobs if you have a mechanical stage.
 Adjust the small fine focus knob until the specimen is clearly in focus. Then adjust the diaphragm
to get the best lighting. Start with the most light and gradually lessen it until the specimen image
has clear, sharp contrast.
 Scan the slide (right to left and top to bottom) at low power to get an overview of the specimen.
Then center the part of the specimen you want to view at higher power.
 Rotate the nosepiece to the 10x objective for 100x magnification. Refocus and view your
specimen carefully. Adjust the lighting again until the image is most clear (you will need more
light for higher power). Repeat with the 40x objective for 400x magnification, which will enable
you to see all of the specimen detail that’s necessary for high school biology lab work.
 Optional: If your microscope has a 100x oil-immersion lens, you’ll need to put 1-2 drops of
immersion oil over the slide coverslip (the piece of glass over the middle of the slide) before
viewing it at highest power. Move the 100x objective lens into position, and then slowly move the
stage up until the lens makes contact with the oil. Continue focusing with the coarse focus knob
until the color or blurred outline of the specimen appears. Finish focusing with the fine focus
knob. With the 100x lens, you will be able to see additional cell detail, but you will need to take
extra care with focus and contrast for a clear image. When you are done using the slide, clean
the oil off of the slide and the lens with lens cleaning paper and solution.
PREPARATION OF WET MOUNT:
Cheek cells

10× Resolution 40× Resolution

PREPARATION OF HAIR:

LETTER “e”:

HUMAN BLOOD SMEAR:

10× Resolution 40× Resolution

Skin Lungs Intestine Liver
Procedures in dissecting a frog:
 Frogs and other small animals are typically dissected in biology labs to learn anatomy. If your class is going
to dissect a frog, your teacher should provide all the necessary tools for the job. It doesn't take much,
though. You'll usually need a clean dissection tray, which is a bit like a baking pan with a rubber lining on
the bottom. To make incisions, you'll need a sharp scalpel and a pair of tweezers, or some other kind of
poking device, dissection pins, lab instructions, and your frog.
 Most frog dissection labels involve a basic identification procedure. You'll be required to open the frog,
identify the basic organs and systems of the frog, explore the anatomy of the animal, and probably fill out a
short lab report to accompany the project. Always defer to materials provided to you by your instructor.
 The use of latex or rubber gloves, safety glasses, and cleanliness is important. For the most part, dissection
specimens are sterilized and safe, but it's still very important to keep your hands, eyes, and mouth free of
the formaldehyde used to preserve the frogs for dissection. Sit up straight while you work, wear the
protective materials provided to you in the lab, and wash your hands thoroughly afterward.
 To start the lab, remove the frog from its packaging and place it on its back, belly-up in the tray. Some
frogs will be slightly stiff from the preservative solution, meaning that you may need to massage them out
slightly, bending the legs and softening the joints until the frog sits comfortably on its back.
Examining the exterior:
 The easiest way to quickly tell the difference between male and female frogs isn't to look between the legs,
but to look at the feet. The front feet of male frogs should have a fatter thumb pad, and the thumb should
look bulbous and fatter than the thin fingers of the female frog.
 On the head of the frog, most labs will want you to label and recognize a few important features. The eyes
and the thin nictitating membranes that cover the eyes, so the frog can see under water, are the most
important and probably easiest to locate on the frog's head. You should also locate and label the mouth.
The external nares are the technical term for the frog's nostrils, which are used for breathing and should be
far forward, above the mouth opening. Each tympanum is located behind the eyes, and is a flattish round
spot used for sensing sound.
 Use your scalpel to cut the membrane that connects the hinges of the frog’s mouth and open the mouth
widely to examine the inside. You should be able to see and label the esophagus, which connects to the
stomach, and the glottis, which connects to the lungs. Also easy to identify is the tongue, which is quite
large and stretchy.
 The cloaca is the spot where you'll make your first incision, which should be between the frog’s hind legs.
Use scissors to lift the abdominal muscles away from the body cavity at the cloaca, if necessary, and make
your incision when you're instructed to. It's always important to wait for specific instructions in the lab.
The Incisions:
 Once the legs of the frog are securely pinned to the dissection tray begin the first skin incision by using the
forceps to lift the skin midway between the rear legs of the frog. Using the scalpel, make a cut along the
center, or midline, of the frog, bisecting it equally.
 Continue the skin incision by using the scissors to cut all the way up the frog's body to the neck. Be very
careful not to cut too deeply.
 Still using the scissors, make horizontal incisions just above the rear legs and between the front legs of the
frog.
 Once you have finished the incisions between the front and rear legs of the frog you need to separate the
skin flaps from the muscle below. To do this: Pick up the flap of skin with the forceps, and use a scalpel to
help separate the skin from the muscle below.
Opening of the abdominal cavity:
 This section will describe the procedures for making the incisions through the frog's abdominal
muscles. Now that the skin has been removed, begin the abdominal muscle incision by using the
forceps to lift the muscle midway between the rear legs of the frog. Next use the scalpel to start
the incision in the direction of the chin.
 Using the scissors, carefully continue the incision up the midline of the frog, but do not cut too
deeply as to damage the organs.
 This is very important. When you reach a point just below the front legs, turn the scissors blades
sideways to cut through the bones in the chest. This should prevent damage to the heart or
 other internal organs. When your scissors reach a point just below the frog's neck you have cut
far enough.
 To finish opening up the frog's body cavity therefore exposing the abdominal region, use the forceps to hold
the muscle flaps while separating the muscle from the tissues below with a scalpel.
 Once the muscle flaps have been separated from the underlying tissue, they must be pinned back. This will
allow easy access to the frog's internal organs.
 And then that’s the time you can now identify the internal anatomy of a frog.
Starfish is an excellent animal to dissect in order to demonstrate the basic features of a higher invertebrate phylum,
Echinodermata. Starfish refers to about 1,800 species of marine animals that are star-shaped. The common term
starfish is confusing, though. Starfish aren't fish - finned, tailed animals with backbones - they are echinoderms,
which are marine invertebrates. So scientists prefer to call these animals sea stars.
External anatomy of a starfish:

External parts and their functions:

The opening of the water-vascular system, the madreporite, is a large button-like structure that is located off
center on the disc between two arms. The inconspicuous anus is in the center of the disk, and both structures are
located on the upper, dorsal or aboral surface of the starfish.

The mouth is in the center of the underside, ventral or oral surface of the starfish body. On the oral surface of each
arm are open ambulacral grooves extending from the mouth to the tip of each arm. These deep furrows contain
two or four rows of tube feet, podia, with protruding suckers; features unique to the echinoderms. At the end of
each arm or ray is an eyespot containing red pigment which allows the starfish to sense and respond to light. In
preserved specimens, the eyespot can be located with a magnifying glass or dissecting scope by spreading the tube
feet at the tip of the ray. The spines on the oral surface are softer and bend to cover the mouth of the starfish as
well as the ambulacral grooves. They are basically for protection.
How to dissect a starfish:
Skeletal: Cut one arm off your specimen and study the cross section of the stump. Note that the cavity in the arm is
an extension of the body coelom. Make a cut up the side of the severed arm and then across the top to allow you to
open the body wall and view the structure and pattern of the inner skeletal framework. Observe the network of the
ossicles in the aboral, or dorsal surface and sides of the body wall. The largest ossicles, ambulacral ossicles, support
the ambulacral groove and provide attachment for the tube feet.
Digestive: Sever the tip from an undissected arm and then cut up each side of the arm towards the disk. Carefully
raise the body wall, disconnecting the mesenteries of connecting tissues that attach the internal organs to the wall.
Cut across the aboral surface where the arm joins the disk.
Continue to cut along the edges of at least three of the arms, two of which should be on either side of the
madreporite. Also cut along the outer edge of the disk, and around the madreporite. Carefully remove the upper
surface, separating the organs from the internal surface of the body wall by clipping the mesenteries, but leaving the
madreporite intact.
Internal natomy of a starfish:

Internal parts and its functions:

 Ring canal - Circular canal in which filtered water enters through the madreporite and branches out into
the radiated canals.
 Rectal cecum - Lateral duct of the terminal part of the digestive tract, where waste is stored before being
expelled through the anus.
 Anus - Terminal orifice of the digestive tract allowing waste to be ejected; most of the undigested food is
regurgitated rather than expelled through the anus.
 Stomach - Dilated section of the digestive tract preceding the intestine; it receives food to be digested.
 Gonad - Each of the two glands located in each arm, producing gametes (spermatozoids or ovules)
depending on the sex of the starfish.
 Pyloric cecum - Radiated duct of the digestive tract producing digestive enzymes and also allowing
digested food to be stored.
 Gonopore - Dorsal opening through which gametes (spermatozoids and ovules) are expelled into the water
to be fertilized.
 Intestine - Section of the digestive tract between the stomach and the anus where absorption of nutrients
is carried out and waste is transformed into fecal matter.
 Radial canal - Canal running the length of the arm; it receives water from the annular canal, which then
passed into the tube feet.
 Ampulla - Bulb that contracts to let water enter the tube foot, allowing it to extend; when it dilates, the
foot retracts.
 Esophagus - Muscular membranous channel of the anterior section of the digestive tract; it allows food to
reach the stomach.
 Mouth - Anterior cavity of the digestive tract located on the ventral surface that allows food to be ingested
Squid are cephalopods of the two orders Myopsida and Oegopsida, which were formerly regarded as two suborders
of the order Teuthida, however recent research shows Teuthida to be paraphyletic. Squid have differentiated from
their ancestral molluscs such that the body plan has been condensed antero-posteriorly and extended dorso-
ventrally.

How to dissect a squid:

 To dissect a squid you need the proper tools and materials: a scalpel, some tweezers, a pair of dissection
scissors, pins/toothpicks, a dissection pan, hand lenses/magnifying glass, gloves, and paper towels. The
squid itself can be purchased from a local bait shop, seafood market, or a laboratory science company.
 Identify the dorsal (back) side of the squid. The dorsal side has darker shading than the ventral (front) side.
Place your squid on the dissection plate with darker dorsal side facing up. Identify the following external
parts of the squid.
 Flip the squid over so that the ventral (front) side of the squid is now facing up. Using the dissection
scissors, cut down the middle of the mantle, starting at the funnel and finishing at the top. Try to hold the
top of the mantle up while cutting to avoid cutting through any of the internal organs. And once you have
cut the mantle you can pin it thru the sides.
 Identify the gender of your squid. At the top of the mantle cavity are the gonads (sex organs) of the squid.
In males, these will be the testes, while in females, they will be ovaries. The gonads will be by the fins of
the squid and can be used to identify the gender. Female squid will have eggs inside the ovaries that are
yellowish in color and look like jelly. Females also have a large white organ called the nidamental gland
above the ovary, which helps secrete the egg cases. Male squid will have sperm which is a cloudy white
with a watery feel.
 Locate the two gills and gill-hearts. On either side of the body cavity, there will be a feathery-like structure
that are the gills of the squid. These are used for breathing and getting oxygen throughout the squid’s
body. A squid has three hearts and two of them are located at the base of each gill. Technically, they are
called branchial hearts, but they are often referred to as the gill-hearts. The third heart is called the
systemic heart. It is larger and located between the two gill-hearts. It may be obscured by the kidney,
which is in the same location and may cover the heart.
 Dissect the digestive system. The digestive system of the squid consists of the esophagus, stomach,
caecum, intestine, anus, and funnel retractor muscles. You probably pulled the esophagus out when you cut
out the buccal bulb and the beak. The esophagus connects to the stomach which can be difficult to find. It
is generally found near the base of the gills.
 The caecum, intestine, and anus process the food and connect to the funnel, where the waste is
disposed of.
 The ink sac is attached the intestine of the squid. It is relatively easy to find given its dark color. It will vary
in size depending on how much ink is inside the sac. Remove the sac by cutting just above and below it
being careful not puncture it. The ink is used as a defense against predators: a squid will squirt it into the
water and then turn black using its chromatophores to blend in.
 Remove the pen. The pen is a stiff internal structure that is used to support the squid as it moves through
the water. It is found underneath the muscles and organs, starting near the reproductive organs. It can be
removed by gently tugging the tip until it comes out.
 Once you have finished dissecting your squid, place all of the dissected organs back into the cavity of the
squid and dispose of it. Carefully clean the tools and wipe down your work surface with a cleaning solution.
Wash your hands after finishing the clean-up.

Digestive and Reproductive Organs of a Squid:

Pancreas- Secretes digestive enzymes responsible for digestion

Stomach- Digests the food
Caecum- Long white organ that receives food from the stomach and stores it for digestion
Intestine- Receives food from caecum, absorbs nutrients and transfers them to the blood and carries waste to
the anus
Liver- Produces digestive fluids for food digestion and detoxification of impurities
Rectum- Final portion of the digestive tract. Temporarily stores waste
Gonads.
Gonads- Reproductive organs, the white male testes produce sperm, the clear female ovary produces eggs
Nidamental glands- In females, a pair of white organs that secrete the gelatinous matric that surrounds the
squid eggs
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. In general,
mitosis (division of the nucleus) is preceded by the S stage of interphase (during which the DNA is replicated) and is
often accompanied or followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two
new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components.
The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of
the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Interphase
The mitotic phase is a relatively short period of the cell cycle. It alternates with the much longer interphase, where
the cell prepares itself for the process of cell division. Interphase is divided into three phases: G1 (first gap), S
(synthesis), and G2 (second gap). During all three parts of interphase, the cell grows by producing proteins and
cytoplasmic organelles. However, chromosomes are replicated only during the S phase. Thus, a cell grows (G1),
continues to grow as it duplicates its chromosomes (S), grows more and prepares for mitosis (G2), and finally divides
(M) before restarting the cycle.
Prophase
During prophase, which occurs after G2 interphase, the cell prepares to divide by tightly condensing its chromosomes
and initiating mitotic spindle formation. During interphase, the genetic material in the nucleus consists of loosely
packed chromatin. At the onset of prophase, chromatin fibers condense into discrete chromosomes that are typically
visible at high magnification through a light microscope. In this stage, chromosomes are long, thin and thread-like.
Each chromosome has two chromatids. The two chromatids are joined at the centromere.
Prometaphase
At the beginning of prometaphase in animal cells, phosphorylation of nuclear lamins causes the nuclear envelope to
disintegrate into small membrane vesicles. As this happens, microtubules invade the nuclear space.
In late prometaphase, kinetochore microtubules begin to search for and attach to
chromosomal kinetochores. A kinetochore is a proteinaceous microtubule-binding structure that forms on the
chromosomal centromere during late prophase.
Metaphase
After the microtubules have located and attached to the kinetochores in prometaphase, the two centrosomes begin
pulling the chromosomes towards opposite ends of the cell. The resulting tension causes the chromosomes to align
along the metaphase plate or equatorial plane, an imaginary line that is centrally located between the two
centrosomes (at approximately the midline of the cell).
Anaphase
During anaphase A, the cohesins that bind sister chromatids together are cleaved, forming two identical daughter
chromosomes. Shortening of the kinetochore microtubules pulls the newly formed daughter chromosomes to
opposite ends of the cell. During anaphase B, polar microtubules push against each other, causing the cell to
elongate. In late anaphase, chromosomes also reach their overall maximal condensation level, to
help chromosome segregation and the re-formation of the nucleus. In most animal cells, anaphase A precedes
anaphase B, but some vertebrate egg cells demonstrate the opposite order of events.
Telophase
Telophase is a reversal of prophase and prometaphase events. At telophase, the polar microtubules continue to
lengthen, elongating the cell even more. If the nuclear envelope has broken down, a new nuclear envelope forms
using the membrane vesicles of the parent cell's old nuclear envelope. The new envelope forms around each set of
separated daughter chromosomes (though the membrane does not enclose the centrosomes) and the nucleolus
reappears. Both sets of chromosomes, now surrounded by new nuclear membrane, begin to "relax" or decondense.
Mitosis is complete. Each daughter nucleus has an identical set of chromosomes. Cell division may or may not occur
at this time depending on the organism.
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis is not a phase of mitosis but rather a separate process, necessary for completing cell division. In animal
cells, a cleavage furrow (pinch) containing a contractile ring develops where the metaphase plate used to be,
pinching off the separated nuclei.

Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid
cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them. This process occurs in all sexually
reproducing single-celled and multicellular eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi.
In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells, each with half
the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell.[1] The two meiotic divisions are known as Meiosis
I and Meiosis II.
Prophase I
Prophase I is typically the longest phase of meiosis. During prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair and exchange
DNA (homologous recombination). This often results in chromosomal crossover. This process is critical for pairing
between homologous chromosomes and hence for accurate segregation of the chromosomes at the first meiosis
division. The new combinations of DNA created during crossover are a significant source of genetic recombination,
and result in new combinations of alleles, which may be beneficial. The paired and replicated chromosomes are
called bivalents or tetrads, which have two chromosomes and four chromatids, with one chromosome coming from
each parent. The process of pairing the homologous chromosomes is called synapsis. At this stage, non-sister
chromatids may cross-over at points called chiasmata.
Metaphase I
Homologous pairs move together along the metaphase plate: As kinetochore microtubules from both centrosomes
attach to their respective kinetochores, the paired homologous chromosomes align along an equatorial plane that

bisects the spindle, due to continuous counterbalancing forces exerted on the bivalents by the microtubules
emanating from the two kinetochores of homologous chromosomes.
Anaphase I
Kinetochore microtubules shorten, pulling homologous chromosomes (which consist of a pair of sister chromatids) to
opposite poles. Nonkinetochore microtubules lengthen, pushing the centrosomes farther apart.
Telophase I
The first meiotic division effectively ends when the chromosomes arrive at the poles. Each daughter cell now has half
the number of chromosomes but each chromosome consists of a pair of chromatids
Meiosis II
Meiosis II is the second meiotic division, and usually involves equational segregation, or separation of sister
chromatids. Mechanically, the process is similar to mitosis, though its genetic results are fundamentally different. The
end result is production of four haploid cells.
Prophase II
We see the disappearance of the nucleoli and the nuclear envelope again as well as the shortening and thickening of
the chromatids. Centrosomes move to the polar regions and arrange spindle fibers for the second meiotic division.
Metaphase II,
The centromeres contain two kinetochores that attach to spindle fibers from the centrosomes at opposite poles. The
new equatorial metaphase plate is rotated by 90 degrees when compared to meiosis I, perpendicular to the previous
plate. And they are aligned at the spindle equator again.
Anaphase II,
In which the remaining centromeric cohesin is cleaved allowing the sister chromatids to segregate. The sister
chromatids by convention are now called sister chromosomes as they move toward opposing poles.
Telophase II,
Which is similar to telophase I, and is marked by decondensation and lengthening of the chromosomes and the
disassembly of the spindle. Nuclear envelopes reform and cleavage or cell plate formation eventually produces a total
of four daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes. Meiosis is now complete and ends up with four new
daughter cells.
Shrimp is used to refer to some decapod crustaceans, although the exact animals covered can vary. Used broadly, it
may cover any of the groups with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – most
commonly Caridea and Dendrobranchiata.
External anatomy of shrimp

 The function of the antennular flagella has not been fully established, but are traditionally regarded as
being chemosensory. Their location at the inhalent end of the respiratory tube also suggests this function.
 Shrimp have 5 pairs of pereopods. The first 3 pairs are used for feeding: the small chelae at the end of the
pereopods are well adapted for probing the substratum and catching and holding small animals found there.
The last 2 pairs of pereopods function as walking legs, but often are assisted by the pleopods so that the
movement is a gliding motion rather than a walk.
 Shrimp have 5 pairs of pleopods. The endopods of first two pleopods are always sexually dimorphic, being
modified in the male into the petasma and appendix masculine. The other pleopods are similar in size and
structure. The pleopods beat rhythmically to give forward swimming, during which the pereopods are folded
up underneath the body
 Abdominal segments alarmed a penaeid will characteristically give a number of rapid, powerful flexures
of the abdomen, driving the prawn swiftly backwards, often with sufficient force to drive it out of the water
in the shallows. When the abdomen is fully flexed, the sharp carina on the dorsal abdomen becomes the
leading edge, the abdominal appendages are covered by the tail fan and the thoracic appendages are folded
under the body.
 The uropods are the paired appendages of abdominal somite 6. Together with the terminal telson they
form a tail fan, used for backward escape propulsion ("backward flip")
 Telson is used as a paddle in the escape reaction, whereby an alarmed animal rapidly flexes its tail, causing
it to dart backwards.
 Antenna to sense for something.
 Carapace is a dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups
 Rostrum is the forward extension of the carapace in front of the eyes. It is generally a rigid structure, but
can be connected by a hinged joint, as seen in Leptostraca.
Internal anatomy of shrimp
  Testis- testis is the male reproductive gland in all animals, including humans. It is homologous to the
female ovary. Are to produce both sperm and androgens, primarily testosterone.
 Oviduct- passageway from the ovaries to the outside of the body.
 Heart- heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of
the circulatory system.
 Stomach- stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other
animals, including several invertebrates. The stomach has a dilated structure and functions as a
vital digestive organ
 Bladder- bladder is a hollow muscular organ in humans and some other animals that collects and
stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination.
 Anus- anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its
function is to control the expulsion of feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion
 Intestine- where the digested food pass thru
 Brain- brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and
most invertebrate animal.
How to dissect a srimp:
 To dissect a shrimp you need the proper tools and materials: a scalpel, some tweezers, a pair of dissection
scissors, pins/toothpicks, a dissection pan, hand lenses/magnifying glass, gloves, and paper towels. The
shrimp itself can be purchased from a local bait shop, seafood market, or a laboratory science company.
 Identify the dorsal (back) side of the shrimp. The dorsal side has darker shading than the ventral (front)
side. Place your shrimp on the dissection plate. Identify the following external parts of the shrimp.
 Then you need to face it on its ventral part of the body then dissect it using a scalpel to see inside its body
or the internal organs of it.
 While dissecting the body you need to pull the hard part of its head the carapace to see what is inside of it.
 After you dissect the internal part then you need to identify the internal body parts of it.
 Once you have finished dissecting your shrimp, place all of the dissected organs back into the cavity of the
shrimp and dispose it. Carefully clean the tools and wipe down your work surface with a cleaning solution.
Wash your hands after finishing the clean-up.