Enterprise based Vocational Education

Technical Module
Control Technique Basic

Instructor:
Majid
Hendra
Rozy

Student:
JEFRI GUNAWAN
(12008)
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Module: control technique basic

Targets:
After the training-module the student understands
the difference between analogue control technique and digital control technique
the principles of a control loop (control circuit)
what is a
measuring sensor
signal of measurement
transmitter
regulator/control unit
response-time
response signal
control unit
and is able to
make easy assembling and installations of control-sensors and regulators
measure in the control-circuit
can install the Siemens-Logo, do programming, simulation and installations
Understands the different characteristics of analogue control-devices
Understand different characteristics of regulation systems
Detect and measure parameters

The student
maintains a proper documentation from all the exercises
Follows exactly the manual and does all calibration-diagrams according the manual

Analog = Have range, temperature, voltage, etc. Have variable characteristic and
continue. Frequency, amplitude.
Digital = On / Off Control. Binary value 0 and 1. Noise resistance.
Measuring Sensor = Is a device, module, or subsystem whose purpose is to detect events or
changes in its and send the information to other electronics.
Signal of measurement = Is predicated on a preliminary model of the system under observation
Transmitter = A set of equipment used to generate and transmit electromagnetic waves
carrying messages or signals, especially those of radio or television
Regulator = A device for controlling the rate of working of machinery or for
controlling fluid flow
Response-time = The length of time taken for a person or system to react to a given
stimulus/event
Response-signal = Is reaction of the dynamic system in response to some external changes.
Control Unit = A device to give control depend on the operation that will be act.

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General Control system

Open Loop Control

input output

Process

Close Loop Control

Disturbance (Gangguan)

Set point Output

+ error
Control Element Actuator
Σ & Process
-

Process
feedback value
Sensor

Transmitter

Control Loop

Open Loop = A control operation which, after the reference input variable has been selected,
doesn’t evaluate the output variable produced (Example: Heater, Washing
Machine, and Belt Conveyor)

Close Loop = Its’s produced through the feedback of the output variable to the control device
and the effect on actuating-variable formation produced by comparison (Example:
Weight Feeder)

Set Point = is the desired or target value for an essential variable or process value of a system

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Exercise 1 level control in Water-tank (digital control – on/off control)

220 M
V

Set point El El
+ pow pow
Σ mech mech
- pow pow

feedback Process value

sensor

1. Study the diagram and what is the meaning in each symbol

2. In the process diagram each connection-line is a physical signal
▪ Identify the physical value for each connection-line and mark it in the diagram
▪ If the signal is changed (e.g. from level to no/off) we call the element a transmitter.
Search for all transmitter and call it by it is name and mark it in the diagram
3. Assemble the circuit
4. Measure and check the circuit
5. Describe the regulation-characteristic

What is the physical variable to Flow, Height, Level, Volume

control?
What are the disturbances?
What is the set-point to control?
What is the indicator/sensor?
Failure System (leakage the tank, and leakage or blocking
the pipe) and valve out
The Maximum level of water (19 cm)
Float

What is the output-signal of the Digital Signal On / Off

sensor?
What is the measuring
transmitter?
What is the output-signal of the
measuring transmitter?
What is the
processor/comparator?
What is the set-point?
Limit Switch (changes the motion of float become a
resistance value)
Voltage and current
The tension rope
Level of water 19 cm

How do I change the set-point Change the height of the float

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What is the output-signal of the The motion of limit switch (On-Off)

regulator?
How the output-signal of the
regulator is processed?
What is the actuator?
If the level of water is minimum, the sensor (float) will send
a signal to transmitter that will close the circuit and send
voltage 220 V to motor and reverse
Motor Pump

What is the physical signal of Water Flow & Pressure = Hydraulic Power
the actuator’s output?
How does it influence the If the output flow < input flow, the level of water will
variable to control? increase
What is the maximum error of 6 cm
this control-circuit?
(Hysteresis)
How the output-signal of the
process depend on the time
(plot the level-time-diagram)

Summary
1. The bigger disturbance, the slower to achieve the set point.
2. The bigger disturbance, the faster of the response time

EXERCISE 1: LEVEL CONTROL IN WATER TANK

(DIGITAL CONTROL - ON/OFF CONTROL)
TABEL DAN GRAFIK HASIL PERCOBAAN
RANGKAIAN PELAMPUNG SERI (VALVE IN 50% - VALVE OUT 50%

Water Water
Time Set Time Set
No Level No Level
(minutes) Point (minutes) Point
(cm) (cm)
1 4 0.000 19 24 15 4.225 19
2 5 0.097 19 25 16 4.398 19
3 6 0.205 19 26 17 4.577 19
4 7 0.320 19 27 18 4.750 19
5 8 0.437 19 28 19 4.910 19
6 9 0.575 19 29 18 5.030 19
7 10 0.855 19 30 17 5.218 19
8 11 1.203 19 31 16 5.392 19
9 12 1.545 19 32 15 5.595 19
10 13 1.922 19 33 14 5.745 19
11 14 2.072 19 34 13 5.883 19
12 15 2.238 19 35 14 6.045 19
13 16 2.410 19 36 15 6.205 19
14 17 2.593 19 37 16 6.375 19
15 18 2.767 19 38 17 6.547 19
16 19 2.925 19 39 18 6.722 19
17 18 3.068 19 40 19 6.887 19
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18 17 3.225 19 41 18 7.017 19
19 16 3.400 19 42 17 7.135 19
20 15 3.568 19 43 16 7.373 19
21 14 3.755 19 44 15 7.538 19
22 13 3.902 19 45 14 7.703 19
23 14 4.067 19 46 13 7.848 19

EXERCISE 1 : LEVEL CONTROL IN WATER TANK

(DIGITAL CONTROL - ON/OFF CONTROL)
TABEL DAN GRAFIK HASILPERCOBAAN
RANGKAIAN PELAMPUNG SERI (VALVE IN 100% - VALVE OUT 50%)

Water Water
Time Set Times Set
No Level No Level
(minutes) Point (minutes) Point
(cm) (cm)
1 4 0.000 19 24 15 2.915 19
2 5 0.068 19 25 16 2.998 19
3 6 0.142 19 26 17 3.102 19
4 7 0.225 19 27 18 3.178 19
5 8 0.302 19 28 19 3.253 19
6 9 0.385 19 29 18 3.432 19
7 10 0.470 19 30 17 3.677 19
8 11 0.578 19 31 16 3.873 19
9 12 0.713 19 32 15 4.123 19
10 13 0.868 19 33 14 4.373 19
11 14 0.958 19 34 13 4.582 19
12 15 1.042 19 35 14 4.667 19
13 16 1.128 19 36 15 4.755 19
14 17 1.218 19 37 16 4.833 19

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15 18 1.303 19 38 17 4.928 19
16 19 1.385 19 39 18 5.007 19
17 18 1.567 19 40 19 5.090 19
18 17 1.815 19 41 18 5.265 19
19 16 2.028 19 42 17 5.485 19
20 15 2.238 19 43 16 5.713 19
21 14 2.513 19 44 15 5.943 19
22 13 2.727 19 45 14 6.190 19
23 14 2.825 19 46 13 6.427 19

EXERCISE 1: LEVEL CONTROL IN WATER TANK

(DIGITAL CONTROL - ON/OFF CONTROL)
TABEL DAN GRAFIK HASIL PERCOBAAN
RANGKAIAN PELAMPUNG SERI (VALVE IN 50% - VALVE OUT 100%)

Water Water
Time Set Time Set
No Level No Level
(minutes) Point (minutes) Point
(cm) (cm)
1 4 0.000 19 24 6 3.580 19
2 5 0.143 19 25 6 3.723 19
3 6 0.285 19 26 6 3.877 19
4 6 0.477 19 27 6 3.987 19
5 6 0.625 19 28 6 4.158 19
6 6 0.748 19 29 6 4.472 19
7 6 0.932 19 30 6 4.808 19
8 6 1.092 19 31 6 4.997 19
9 6 1.218 19 32 6 5.233 19
10 6 1.350 19 33 6 5.440 19
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11 6 1.445 19 34 6 5.668 19
12 6 1.528 19 35 6 5.945 19
13 6 1.615 19 36 6 6.132 19
14 6 1.692 19 37 6 6.392 19
15 6 1.792 19 38 6 6.572 19
16 6 1.920 19 39 6 6.767 19
17 6 2.180 19 40 6 6.972 19
18 6 2.552 19 41 6 7.257 19
19 6 2.700 19 42 6 7.473 19
20 6 2.818 19 43 6 7.657 19
21 6 3.038 19 44 6 7.877 19
22 6 3.212 19 45 6 8.087 19
23 6 3.400 19 46 6 8.427 19

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Wiring Diagram Exercise 1

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Exercise 2 (2 step digital control)

220 v
220
v
M

Set point El
+ El +
pow pow
Σ mech mech Σ
- pow pow
+
Set point El
+
pow
Σ flow
-

Process value
feedback sensor

feedback sensor Process value

1. Analyze the diagram. What is different compared with exercise 1

This exercise use 2 float to turn on-off the pump and open-close solenoid valve.
2. draw the electric wiring-diagram
3. assemble the circuit and try it
4. draw the level-time-diagram for different situations and identify the maximal error (in mmH2O)
and the regulation-frequency (time between action-cycles)
a. the drain-flow is bigger than the flow of the pump
The water didn’t achieve the set point, because Input Flow < Output Flow. Water level
just reach 6 cm height.

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b. the drain-flow is smaller than the flow of the pump

The level of water achieved the set point fast (19 cm), because Input Flow > Output Flow.
Maximal hysteresis 3 cm.
c. both of flows are the same
The water level is stable because Input Flow = Output Flow.
5. How can I make the system faster
Add more valve, the input valve opened maximally, the output valve is closed, and smaller the
distance between float.
6. How can I make the system more accurate (minimum hysteresis)?
Setting the distance between both of float. And smaller the distance between float.
Because the fix variable is F, ρ and g so the surface of float has affect to sensor directly
7. what is the minimum error of level (mm) what you can get?
At trial input valve and output valve 100% opened, set point 19 cm, minimum level 16 cm so the
minimum error of level is 3 cm = 30 mm.
8. What are the condition for stable operation?
If the Input Flow is equal with Output Flow.
9. What are the conditions for instable operation (the system getting out of control)?
If the Input Flow is smaller than Output Flow.

EXERCISE 2: 2 STEP DIGITAL CONTROL

TABEL DAN GRAFIK HASIL PERCOBAAN
RANGKAIAN PELAMPUNG PARALEL (VALVE IN 50% - VALVE OUT 50%)

Water Time Set Water Time Set

No No
Level (cm) (Minutes) Point Level (cm) (minutes) Point
1 5 0.087 19 17 17 1.713 19
2 6 0.148 19 18 16 1.842 19
3 7 0.218 19 19 17 1.917 19
4 8 0.293 19 20 18 2.087 19
5 9 0.365 19 21 19 2.207 19
6 10 0.435 19 22 18 2.325 19
7 11 0.507 19 23 17 2.553 19
8 12 0.583 19 24 16 2.682 19
9 13 0.765 19 25 17 2.760 19
10 14 0.878 19 26 18 2.940 19
11 15 0.995 19 27 19 3.057 19
12 16 1.122 19 28 18 3.170 19
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13 17 1.245 19 29 17 3.270 19
14 18 1.353 19 30 16 3.387 19
15 19 1.480 19 31 17 3.518 19
16 18 1.592 19

EXERCISE 2: 2 STEP DIGITAL CONTROL

TABEL DAN GRAFIK HASIL PERCOBAAN
RANGKAIAN PELAMPUNG PARALEL (VALVE IN 50% - VALVE OUT
50%)

Water Time Set Water Time Set

No No
Level (cm) (minutes) Point Level (cm) (minutes) Point
1 4 0.172 19 17 6 1.330 19
2 5 0.223 19 18 6 1.408 19
3 6 0.293 19 19 6 1.493 19
4 6 0.378 19 20 6 1.578 19
5 6 0.432 19 21 6 1.663 19
6 6 0.500 19 22 6 1.732 19
7 6 0.565 19 23 6 1.835 19
8 6 0.628 19 24 6 1.918 19
9 6 0.693 19 25 6 1.998 19
10 6 0.770 19 26 6 2.085 19
11 6 0.840 19 27 6 2.172 19
12 6 0.925 19 28 6 2.255 19
13 6 1.015 19 29 6 2.335 19

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14 6 1.088 19 30 6 2.420 19
15 6 1.167 19 31 6 2.483 19
16 6 1.243 19

Wiring Diagram Exercise 2

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Exercise 3a (analogue in – multi-step digital out)

logo
A1
Q1 el
+12V
Q2
el

Q3 el
0V
M
Q4 el

exercise 3a

The quality of the regulation-process depends on the precision of the measured signal with its sensor. So
we try another system to measure water-level using an analogue level sensor made from a float, driving
a potentiometer. If the potentiometer is connected to a DC-voltage (p.e. 12V) we can measure a variable
voltage of the slide-contact of the potentiometer which changes with the water level. This signal can be
used as analogue input into the logo-control-unit. The Logo is a Programmable Logical Control Unit
“PLC”, which allows us to control up to 32 relais for different actuators (p.e. solenoid valve or water
pump etc)

A) Study and discuss the diagrams 3a

B) calibrate the sensor (level float) = Set Point 155 mm

describe the sensor

The sensor used a float, the rise and fall of the float will affect the water level and this change
causes a change in resistance to the potentiometer. The change in resistance value will make a difference
reading of the mV value on the PLC and will be processed according to the analog setting threshold
trigger.
describe the electric circuit:

Level Analogue-Output Level Analogue-Output

No No
[mm] [mV] [mm] [mV]
1 40 8052 10 130 9024
2 50 8052 11 140 9228
3 60 8064 12 150 9372
4 70 8148 13 155 9480
5 80 8280 14 150 9468
6 90 8364 15 155 9480

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7 100 8520 16 150 9468

8 110 8748 17 155 9480
9 120 8868 18 150 9468
C) Control the water-level with a pre-programmed Logo-PLC with analogue-unit AM
a. Assemble the Water-pump and tank according the drawing with 4 filling pipes, (3 of the
filling pipes are controlled by solenoid-valves)
b. Analyze the circuit answering the following questions:

What is the physical unit to Float that connected to Potentiometer.

control?
What is the max. variation? The highest maximum difference level of water is from Off to On. (5
mm)

What is the frequency of the Time require to reach optimal condition when all of valve close then
regulation? open again.

At what conditions? When the Output < Input

c. Measure the maximum variation of the level ∆d max = 5 mmH2O

d. Try to minimize ∆d and describe optimal settings
To minimize ∆d we can set the range of last close valve near with set point. To make the
filling time quickly and optimal, should all of valve open together, but when set point
almost achieved, just use a valve.

Summary
Advantages of this system:
• The program can be changed at any time through PLC
• More accurate to setting set point
• Lower hysteresis value (depend on setting value analog threshold trigger)
• Doesn’t require many sensor

Disadvantage of this system:

• Higher variation
• The disturbance has more effect in this system
When:
Input = Output
Input > Output
Input < Output
• More cost power because the motor pump frequently on or off
• More sensitive with unstable water surface
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To avoid frequently motor pump on or off too fast, we can adjust it with stabilize water
• Lengthen hose of valve until touch the surface of vessel
• Use variable speed motor to adjust with disturbance through a sensor

LOGO: LOGO! is the perfect choice as a fast, uncomplicated and space-saving solution for basic control
tasks. LOGO! has long been a constant as an intelligent logic module for small automation projects.
Through easy installation, with a minimum of wiring efforts and with convenient programming
via LOGO! Soft Comfort, many solutions for basic machines or plants, in building automation or for a
variety of applications all the way into the home can be easily implemented.

EXERCISE 3a: ANALOGUE IN - MULTI STEP DIGITAL OUT

TABEL DAN GRAFIK HASIL PERCOBAAN
PERCOBAAN 1 (RANGE OFF KETIGA SELENOID VALVE BERBEDA)

Water Level 1 Time 1 Time 1 Output Digital

No Explanation
(mm) (s) (minutes) (mV)
1 40 0.00 0.000 8052
2 50 11.82 0.197 8052
3 60 15.36 0.256 8064
4 70 19.22 0.320 8148
5 80 23.26 0.388 8280
6 90 27.36 0.456 8364 Q1 = OFF
7 100 31.43 0.524 8520
8 110 36.30 0.605 8748 Q2 = OFF
9 120 44.02 0.734 8868
10 130 53.03 0.884 9024
11 140 62.42 1.040 9228 Q3 = OFF
12 150 69.39 1.157 9372
13 155 77.38 1.290 9480 Q4 = OFF
14 150 83.65 1.394 9468
15 155 90.00 1.500 9480
16 150 96.69 1.612 9468
17 155 103.99 1.733 9480
18 150 115.41 1.924 9468

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EXERCISE 3a: ANALOGUE IN - MULTI STEP DIGITAL OUT

TABEL DAN GRAFIK HASIL PERCOBAAN
PERCOBAAN 2 (RANGE OFF KETIGA SELENOID VALVE SAMA)

Water Level 2 Time 2 Time 2 Output Digital

No
(mm) (s) (minutes) (mV)
1 40 0.00 0.000 8052
2 50 11.90 0.198 8052
3 60 15.73 0.262 8076
4 70 18.13 0.302 8160
5 80 21.87 0.365 8280
6 90 26.59 0.443 8376
7 100 29.91 0.499 8508
8 110 34.56 0.576 8724
9 120 39.30 0.655 8928
10 130 43.29 0.722 9060
11 140 47.89 0.798 9180
12 150 53.67 0.895 9360
13 157 56.92 0.949 9504
14 150 66.66 1.111 9468
15 157 71.60 1.193 9492
16 150 80.65 1.344 9480
17 157 87.49 1.458 9480
18 150 93.46 1.558 9468

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DIAGRAM PENGAWATAN EXERCISE 3a

Close Loop Diagram

Comparator Controller Actuator Output

Set point

∑ LOGO Frenic, pump

Feedback PV
Sensor

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PROGRAM PLC SIEMENS LOGO EXERCISE 3a

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Exercise 3b (analogue in – multi-step digital out-Proportional Integration character)

LOGO!

Ai 1

Q1

M f1 Q2
f2
Q3

1. Find out the control concept and how to make it

Control the level of water on the set point is stable in many condition of disturbance, using PI
control to control the frequency and to control the speed of motor with the Step on the Frenic.

2. Draw the close loop control diagram

3. Make the LOGO! block diagram

4. What is Proportional and Integrator means?

• Proportional is used to achieve set point in any condition of disturbance according the
calculation of process value right now
• Integral is used to keep the system on set point, when the disturbance changes the system
will work to achieve set point depends on the error according the accumulating calculation
of process value before

5. What’s the advantages of PI character compared with exercise 3a

• More stable than the exercise 3a
• Can read the system with response that can be adjusted. It means that if the disturbance is
big the work of system is big too when the disturbance < Input.

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Table Exercise 3b

Tinggi
Waktu Tinggi Air Frequency SP Waktu Frequency SP
No No Air
(s) (cm) (Hz) (cm) (s) (cm) (Hz) (cm)
1 19.6 4 35 10 23 885.4 10 60 10
2 24.1 5 40 10 24 896.6 11 60 10
3 31.6 6 45 10 25 909.7 12 60 10
4 109.6 7 45 10 26 925.2 13 60 10
5 155.5 8 50 10 27 942.9 13 60 10
6 214.2 9 55 10 28 961.5 14 60 10
7 282.7 10 60 10 29 967.1 14 50 10
8 302.3 10 60 10 30 973.9 12 45 10
9 312.5 10 60 10 31 986 10.1 40 10
10 317.3 10 60 10 32 1007.3 10 35 10
11 327.6 10 60 10 33 1025.3 10 35 10
12 338.4 10 60 10 34 1227.2 10 30 10
13 364.8 11 60 10 35 1244.1 12 off 10
14 369.3 11 60 10 36 1258 12 off 10
15 385.7 12 55 10 37 1269.7 11 off 10
16 402.7 11 55 10 38 1276 11.8 off 10
17 412.8 10 60 10 39 1286.1 11 off 10
18 420.7 11 55 10 40 1300.6 10.5 off 10
19 448.1 11 55 10 41 1320.8 10.2 30 10
20 520.5 12 60 10 42 1333.2 10.1 30 10
21 629.6 10 60 10 43 1511.9 10 30 10
22 861.6 10 60 10

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TABEL PENGATURAN FRENIC

Selected Frequency Frequency (Hz) Condition
C05 30 Off-Off-On (0-0-1)
C06 35 Off-On-Off (0-1-0)
C07 40 Off-On-On (0-1-1)
C08 45 On-Off-Off (1-0-0)
C09 50 On-Off-On (1-0-1)
C10 55 On-On-Off (1-1-0)
C11 60 On-On-On (1-1-1)

Close Loop Diagram

Comparator Controller Actuator

Set point Output
∑ LOGO Frenic, pump

Feedback PV
Sensor

Wiring Diagram Exercise 3b

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Exercise 4a Temperature control of water (digital control)

220v

1. Control the temperature10 litre of water at a temperature of 60oC

a. Using a thermostat according diagram exercise 4a
b. Draw the close loop control diagram
c. Test the circuit and answer the following questions
What is the physical variable Water temperature
to control?

What is the sensor? Thermostat

What is the signal of the Resistance

sensor?

What is the actuator? Heater

How this signal is The temperature of water is read by thermostat, when the temperature
transformed to the actuator? of water 60 °C the switch off, when the temperature of water less than
60 °C the switch on.
What is the set-point? The temperature of water is 60°C

What is the variation? 5°C

What is the disturbance? Surrounding Air in a room and cold water leakage.

What are the limits for stable Heat input > disturbance
operation?

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Table Exercise 4a
Temperature Set Point Temperature Set Point
No Time (s) No Time (s)
(℃) (℃) (℃) (℃)
1 0 29 60 22 405.99 50 60
2 29.73 30 60 23 430.74 51 60
3 39.63 31 60 24 468.51 52 60
4 43.81 32 60 25 485.82 53 60
5 46.42 33 60 26 536.85 54 60
6 49.38 34 60 27 552.28 55 60
7 52.48 35 60 28 609.16 56 60
8 53.33 36 60 29 652.53 57 60
9 72.44 37 60 30 678.58 58 60
10 81.72 38 60 31 729.5 59 60
11 86.85 39 60 32 800.95 60 60
12 106.13 40 60 33 819.77 56 60
13 114.887 41 60 34 820.46 55 60
14 144.05 42 60 35 829.3 57 60
15 171.72 43 60 36 829.89 58 60
16 210.67 44 60 37 832.88 59 60
17 212.04 45 60 38 840.67 58 60
18 252.67 46 60 39 861.34 57 60
19 255.78 47 60 40 892.48 56 60
20 259.33 48 60 41 930.72 55 60
21 362.72 49 60

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Wiring Diagram Exercise 4a

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Exercise 4b Temperature control of water (digital control)

Logo
T

220V

exercise 4b

i. Calibrate the temperature-sensor PT-100 and draw the calibration-diagram

R = R (T) R = Resistance in [Ω] T = Temperature in [o C]

ii. Make the process diagram and answer the following questions:

What is the physical variable to Water temperature

control?
What are the disturbances? Surrounding air and cool water leakage

What is the set-point to control? Temperature of the water is 60o C

What is the indicator/sensor? PT 100

What is the output-signal of the Heat → Resistance

sensor?
What is the measuring LOGO PLC
transmitter?
What is the output-signal of the Temperature
measuring transmitter?
What is the LOGO PLC
processor/comparator?
What is the set-point? Temperature 60°C

How do I change the set-point Change the range value in the Threshold Trigger
What is the output-signal of the Digital Voltage
regulator?

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How the output-signal of the If the temperature is under 60°C (set point) the sensor will
regulator is processed? send a signal to LOGO to activated the contactor
What is the actuator? Heater

What is the physical signal of Heat

the actuators output?
How does it influence the Heat
variable to control?
What is the maximum error of 1°C
this control-circuit?
(Hysteresis)
How the output-signal of the LOGO = regulator
process depend on the time Output = voltage
(plot the level-time-diagram)

iii. Make the Close loop-diagram

iv. Make the wiring-diagram
v. Make the logical diagram for the Logo
vi. Program the logo
vii. Analyze the regulation-circuit, drawing the diagram T = T(t)
T = Temperature in [oC] t = time in (sec)

What is the error of the temperature by what conditions?

If the outside temperature is cooler than the set point, so the heat will be transfer
unbalance

What is the regulation-frequency?

• Off → On = 11.31 [s]

• On → Off = 7.2 [s]

How can I make it more precise?

Set the PT-100 more accurate/calibrate it, and set the parameter value in threshold trigger
with correctly number

How and when does it get unstable?

If the disturbance is fluctuated.

How can I make the system more accurate?

Covered the system until the inside temperature is isolated from the outside temperature,
make sure the heat is mixed in right temperature with stirring the water in the bucket

28/33 Laporan CT Basic 11 JUNE/ ALBAB

Enterprise based Vocational Education

Table Exercise 4b

Set Point Time Temperature Set Point Time Temperature

No No
(°C) (s) (°C) (°C) (s) (°C)
1 60 0.00 30 18 60 292.87 47
2 60 20.10 31 19 60 314.12 48
3 60 39.23 32 20 60 336.13 49
4 60 46.03 33 21 60 364.49 50
5 60 61.10 34 22 60 388.24 51
6 60 79.78 35 23 60 411.88 52
7 60 88.58 36 24 60 444.58 53
8 60 98.98 37 25 60 476.70 54
9 60 117.46 38 26 60 498.86 55
10 60 130.97 39 27 60 530.97 56
11 60 147.40 40 28 60 565.14 57
12 60 167.88 41 29 60 596.36 58
13 60 182.35 42 30 60 629.64 59
14 60 201.70 43 31 60 667.89 60
15 60 224.84 44 32 60 679.20 59
16 60 246.89 45 33 60 686.40 60
17 60 272.23 46 34 60 697.80 59

29/33 Laporan CT Basic 11 JUNE/ ALBAB

Enterprise based Vocational Education

Close Loop Diagram

Comparator controller Actuator

Output
∑ LOGO Heater

Feedback PV
PT 100

Logical Diagram Exercise 4b

Wiring Diagram Exercise 4b

30/33 Laporan CT Basic 11 JUNE/ ALBAB

Enterprise based Vocational Education

Exercise 4cTemperature control of water

220v

Case Study
▪ there is water with constant volume of 10 Liter
▪ a variable heat source exist and disturbing the water temperature, in this system the temperature
must 45 Celsius degrees
▪ you have a variable speed drive motor pump to give cooling water
▪ make your own temperature control system for limiting the set point of temperature
▪ make the close loop control diagram
▪ make the electric circuit diagram
▪ Make the LOGO! block
▪ try the system with variable disturbance
▪ how much the hysteresis

Summary:

In this exercise the heater continues to heat the water up to the set point, the PI controller stabilize the set
point through the mathematical calculation with downward system which when the temperature exceeds
the set point then the water pump will be lit for cooling, the rotation of the water pump is regulated by the
LOGO connected to the Frenic in order to continue to stabilize the set point temperature.

Advantages:
• The system is quickly and more stable
• Reducing the power consumption of the heater because the heater is on continue
• Hysteresis is almost non-existent due to a feedback system.

31/33 Laporan CT Basic 11 JUNE/ ALBAB

Enterprise based Vocational Education

Table Exercise 4c

Frequency Set Point

T (℃) time (s) Stage
(Hz) (℃)
30 0 0 35
31 39.5 0 35
32 61.6 0 35
33 97.8 INCREASE 0 35
34 117.7 0 35
35 139.8 0 35
36 159.2 0 35
35 187.1 25 35
DECREASE
34 209.4 31 35
35 230.8 31 35
36 264.2 INCREASE 31 35
37 298.1 25 35
36 332.2 25 35
35 354.7 DECREASE 25 35
34 386.6 31 35
35 414.6 31 35
35 446.1 31 35
STABLE
35 474.2 31 35
35 499.8 31 35

32/34 Laporan CT Basic 11 JUNE/ ALBAB

Enterprise based Vocational Education

Close Loop Diagram

Comparator controller Actuator

Output
∑ LOGO Heater

Feedback PV
PT 100

Logical Diagram Exercise 4c

Wiring Diagram Exercise 4c

33/33 Laporan CT Basic 11 JUNE/ ALBAB