I.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Modifiable Factors: Lifestyle; Diet; Hygiene

Non-modifiable Factor: Age

Etiology: Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Norovirus, adenovirus

Person to person (hands) Contaminated food and/or water

Ingestion of Pathogens

Direct invasion of the bowel wall Endotoxins are released

Nausea & vomiting

Stimulation and destruction of mucosal lining of the

bowel wall
Fluid and electrolytes imbalance
Digestive and absorptive malfunction Excessive gas formation GI Distention
Secretion of fluid & Dehydration
electrolytes in the Increased secretion of Cl
intestinal lumen & HCO3 ions in the
Increased peristaltic bowel Dry lips, dry mouth,
movement flushed skin, fatigue,
irritability
Inhibition of Na
reabsorption
Diarrhea