ISSN: 1981-8963 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.3934-31164-1-SM.

0703esp201325

Carvalho JA de, Gurgel PKF, Lima KYN de et al. Analysis of youtube videos on…

ARTICLE INFORMATIONAL
ANALYSIS OF YOUTUBE VIDEOS ON BREASTFEEDING: RELEVANCE AND
BENEFIT
ANÁLISE DE VÍDEOS DO YOUTUBE SOBRE ALEITAMENTO MATERNO: IMPORTÂNCIA E
BENEFÍCIO
ANÁLISIS DE VIDEOS YOUTUBE DE LACTANCIA MATERNA: IMPORTANCIA Y BENEFICIOS
Jaidnara Alves de Carvalho1, Polyanna Keitte Fernandes Gurgel2, Kálya Yasmine Nunes de Lima3, Cilene Nunes
Dantas4, Cláudia Cristiane Filgueira Martins5
ABSTRACT
Objective: to analyze the videos on breastfeeding, existing on the video site YouTube, trying to identify the
influence that they could have in the mother's decision to breastfeed. Methodology: we have used a sample
of 405 videos, in a research conducted with the use of the controlled descriptor “breastfeeding”. The videos
were analyzed with the aid of a tool, by observing, mainly, the existence of information about the importance
of the breastfeeding act and its benefits. Results: the videos have demonstrated a positive influence and
make mention to the most important factors related to breastfeeding: six months of exclusive breastfeeding,
nutrition and protection for the newborn, and bond formation. Conclusion: by considering the importance of
the internet in disseminating information and need for continuity in the implementation of actions to
encourage breastfeeding, the study brings about a draft of the profile of videos on the issue found on the
YouTube, by characterizing them as a reliable source of research. Descriptors: Breastfeeding; Movies and
Educational Videos; YouTube.
RESUMO
Objetivo: analisar os vídeos sobre aleitamento materno, existentes no site de vídeos YouTube, buscando
identificar a influência que os mesmos poderiam ter na decisão das mães de amamentar. Metodologia: foi
utilizada a amostra de 405 vídeos, em pesquisa realizada com o uso do descritor controlado “aleitamento
materno”. Os vídeos foram analisados com o auxílio de instrumento, observando-se, principalmente, a
existência de informações acerca da importância do ato de amamentar e seus benefícios. Resultados: os
vídeos apresentam influência positiva e fazem referência aos fatores mais importantes relativos ao
aleitamento: seis meses de aleitamento materno exclusivo; nutrição e proteção para o bebê, e formação de
vínculo. Conclusão: considerando a importância da internet na divulgação da informação e necessidade de
continuidade na realização de ações de incentivo ao aleitamento materno, o estudo traz um esboço do perfil
dos vídeos sobre o tema encontrados no YouTube, caracterizando-os como uma fonte confiável de pesquisa.
Descritores: Aleitamento Materno; Filmes e Vídeos Educativos; YouTube.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Analizar los vídeos sobre la lactancia materna, existiendo sitio de videos YouTube, tratando de
identificar la influencia que podría tener la decisión de la madre de amamantar. Metodología: La muestra
utilizada fue de 405 videos en una encuesta llevada a cabo con el uso de descriptor controlada "lactancia
materna". Los videos fueron analizados con la ayuda de un instrumento, observando principalmente a la
existencia de información sobre la importancia de la lactancia materna y sus beneficios. Resultados: Los
vídeos tienen una influencia positiva y hacer referencia a los factores más importantes relacionados con la
lactancia: seis meses de lactancia materna exclusiva, la nutrición y protección para el bebé, y la formación
del enlace. Conclusión: Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de Internet en la difusión de información y la
necesidad de continuidad en la implementación de acciones para fomentar la lactancia materna, el estudio
ofrece un resumen del perfil de vídeos sobre el tema se encuentra en YouTube, caracterizándolos como una
fuente confiable de investigación. Descriptores: Lactancia Materna; Películas Y Vídeos Educativos; YouTube.
1
Nurse, Graduated in Nursing from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte/UFRN. Natal (RN). Brazil. E-mail:
flordomarrocos@yahoo.com.br; 2Undergraduated Student in Nursing from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte /UFRN. Natal
(RN). Brazil. E-mail: gurgelpkf@gmail.com; 2Undergraduated Student in Nursing from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
/UFRN. Natal (RN). Brazil. E-mail: Yasmine.lima@hotmail.com; 3Nurse, Master in Nursing, Professor at the Undergraduate Nursing Course
from FACEX. Natal (RN). Brazil. E-mail: cilenenunesdantas@bol.com.br; 4Nurse, Master in Nursing, Natal (RN). Brazil. E-mail:
claudiacrisfm@yahoo.com.br; 5Nurse, PHD in Child and Youth Health, Professor at the Nursing Department from Universidade Federal do
Rio Grande do Norte/UFRN. Natal (RN), Brazil. Email: francistourinho@gmail.com.

English/Portuguese
J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 7(spe):1016-22, Mar., 2013 1016
ISSN: 1981-8963
Carvalho JA de, Gurgel PKF, Lima KYN de et al.
INTRODUCTION
The Internet is a huge information system
integrated by computer networks, providing a
range of information resources and
information services for everyone that are
linked to it .1
In the information's society, communication
and information tend to permeate the
activities and decision-making processes in
the different spheres of society, including the
political superstructure, federal, state and
local governments, culture, arts, science,
technology, education in its all instances,
health, industry, finance, trade, agriculture,
environmental protection, community
associations, professional societies, trade
unions, popular manifestations, minorities,
religions, sports, leisure, hobbies, etc. The
society starts to progressively operate in a
network.2
There are many tools that have emerged in
recent years, which allow internet users to
communicate in different ways. It is not
necessary to have a great technical
knowledge, citizens have at their disposal a
range of possibilities that allows them to
participate in public space, sharing ideas or
merely entertaining themselves. Among these
possibilities, there are blogs and vlogs, which
operate as places of active expression and
participation of individuals with the most
varied beliefs and ideologies. The ease and
the almost zero cost are important features
for the success of such tools.3
The growing success of YouTube, elected
by Time magazine “the best invention of
2006” is an example. Within a year, YouTube
has achieved a huge popularity. Television
programs, interviews, criticisms, reports,
political speeches, home-made videos,
curiosities, everything can be seen and
shared, anytime and anywhere.3
Any individual, for any purpose, can use
sites like YouTube to gain access to more
diversified information. Likewise, making
censorship becomes increasingly difficult,
since such information can start from multiple
sources. 4 You should be careful about the
veracity of what you read, see or hear on the
internet, because, in most cases, there is not
a review of content that precedes the sharing.
In search of information on breastfeeding,
many mothers may make use of YouTube
videos, in order to learn about how to do it
when the time comes and get clarified about
myths and legends that exist with regard to
the breast milk and breastfeeding. In videos,
they have the opportunity to hear the theory
and also observe the practice, which makes
English/Portuguese
J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 7(spe):1016-22, Mar., 2013
DOI: 10.5205/reuol.3934-31164-1-SM.0703esp201325
Analysis of youtube videos on…
such a tool a more attractive means of
information.
Misinformation can be decisive in the
maternal choice to breastfeed or not. Before
this context and the great ease of access to
information on the Internet, there was the
concern about the quality of the videos posted
on YouTube about breastfeeding.
This research aimed to analyze the
existence of videos concerning the
breastfeeding, regarding the pros and cons of
breastfeeding, and verify if the same, due to
the lack of prior observation of the quality of
their content, are positively or negatively
influencing those who watch them and, from
the results, to provide support for the
development of strategies to encourage
breastfeeding.
METHODOLOGY
The research was exploratory and with
quantitative nature, performed on the video-
sharing site 'YouTube', whose virtual address
is: <www.youtube.com>. Despite the
existence of other video-sharing sites, the
choice of YouTube took place because this is,
currently, the most widespread among
internet users.
The research was conducted through
visitations to the site, which took place
without defined location, since there is not
access restriction to this media, if it is
accessed from different locations, as with
some search portals. Moreover, there was the
need to limit the publication date of the
researched videos, since the renewal of the
number of videos on the site is constant.
Otherwise, it would not be possible to form a
population and, consequently, a closed
sample. The established upload date limit was
June 30th, 2011.
The approval in an ethics committee was
not needed, since the search is not directly
involved with human beings.
Initially, we performed a search on the
YouTube site with the help of the MesH term
"breastfeeding", from which we have obtained
a sample of 405 videos. Due to the use of only
one descriptor and aiming at a representative
sample, we have considered the 405 videos in
their entirety for composing the sample.
During the analysis, we applied some criteria
that determined the exclusion or inclusion of
videos. We observed whether the videos made
direct reference to breastfeeding, by using as
bases the title and description of each video,
and what was its language. In cases of
absence of the said criteria or videos in
foreign language, we opted for the exclusion.
1017
ISSN: 1981-8963
Carvalho JA de, Gurgel PKF, Lima KYN de et al.
During analysis, other exclusion criteria
were applied: regarding the content of the
videos and the level of access of the site’s
user.
For checking the quality of the videos, we
have designed a research tool with closed
questions directed to the importance and
benefits of breastfeeding. The questions have
covered: bond between mother and son;
breast milk as natural vaccine and protection
against infections, allergies and chronic
illnesses; breastfeeding as food economy,
complete nutrition for the infant and natural
contraception for mothers; proper latching;
minimum time of Exclusive Breastfeeding
(EBF); information on labor rights during
breastfeeding.
With the aid of the developed tool, the
videos were watched, one by one, searching
for direct references (verbal or non-verbal) of
each one of the items contained thereof.
During the analysis of videos, it was noted
the frequent citation of some aspects
considered relevant, but that were not
present in such a tool. Then we decided to
add these aspects to the tool, which led us to
a new analysis of the videos that already had
been watched. Despite the restart, it was
considered relevant to the incorporation of
new aspects, since it would be considerable
statistical data and could significantly
contribute to the selection of videos.
The new aspects were: breastfeeding in the
first hours of life, breastfeeding as an
important factor in reducing child mortality;
breastfeeding as a mother’s protective factor
against cancer; and breastfeeding as an
important factor for the physical and
psychosocial development of the child.
After being raised, the data were tabulated
and organized according to: date of
publication and its frequency in each month
and year; frequency of citation of each
question; frequency of citation of two
questions or less and three or over.
Table 1. Classification of the YouTube videos about
breastfeeding, analyzed in the year 2011.
Video Classification
Story
Home-made video
Campaign on BF
Health event
Advertisement
Table 2 shows the percentage of uploads of
videos on BF, firstly, according to the month
and, next, over the years, from 2006 (oldest
record) to June 2011. It should be noted that,
during the year, the largest percentage of
uploads are in ascending order in the months
of May and September. As for the comparison
English/Portuguese
J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 7(spe):1016-22, Mar., 2013
DOI: 10.5205/reuol.3934-31164-1-SM.0703esp201325
Análise de Vídeos do YOUTUBE sobre…
The data were worked into the form of
tables according to the aforementioned
organization.
RESULTS
Of the 405 sample videos, 230 were
discarded after application of the exclusion
criteria, remaining 175 videos for the tool
application, which represents less than 50% of
total.
The disposal of videos, as exclusion
criteria, mostly occurred after a full analysis
of their contents, after being watched, when
we identified shootings associated to:
advertisements for products related to
breastfeeding (educational and practical)
presentations of children (corals, ballets)
during events on Breastfeeding (BF), breast
milk donation to milk banks, babies’ videos or
animals when suckling, stories about World
Breastfeeding Week, campaigns of the
Brazilian Ministry of Health - Ministério da
Saúde (MS) to encourage the breastfeeding
and family support during the breastfeeding
period, videos in other languages..
Other factors such as the repetition of
some of MS campaign videos and the poor
quality of the productions (image and/or
audio) also resulted in the disposal of some of
them.
Almost in their wholeness, the analyzed
sample videos were stories (Table 1). The
remaining videos were home-made
productions, MS or municipal campaigns on
the BF, health events performed by hospitals
or Family Health Programs (FHP) and
advertisements (DVDs on BF and products for
breastfeeding mothers).
Totality of videos
66
19
4
7
4
over the years, it should be noted a
progressive increase in the number of uploads.
We have realized that, in 2011, this number is
around one-half of the 2010 index, however,
refers to a period of only 6 months, by
considering the deadline date of the survey:
June 30th, 2011.
1018
ISSN: 1981-8963
Carvalho JA de, Gurgel PKF, Lima KYN de et al.
Of 175 videos, 54 make mention only about
one or two questions of the research tool. Of
this number, 61% show two questions. The
most discussed aspect was the minimum
period of 6 months of EBF, cited by 44% of the
videos, followed by the classification of breast
Table 2. Percentage of videos about breastfeeding, according to the month and
over the years, found on YouTube until June 2011.
Month % Uploads Month
Jan 3 Jul
Feb 6 Aug
Mar 3 Sep
Apr 8 Oct
May 11 Nov
Jun 5 Dec
Table 3 shows the data directly related to
the quality of the videos, now considering the
totality of analyzed videos, regardless of the
number of factors which are mentioned by
them.
Within the total of 175 videos considered
suitable for this research, by observing the
frequency of approach of the factors listed in
the research tool, it was realized that among
the most cited are: protection against
diseases and allergies (62%), EBF until six
months of age (61%), complete source of
nutrients (57%) and building of the mother-
child bond (55%).
Later, we observed that the breastfeeding
as a determinant factor for a good physical
and psychosocial development of the child is
Table 3. Frequencies of approach of the factors on breastfeeding found in YouTube videos
analyzed in 2011.
Cited factor %n
Building of the mother-
55
child bond
Protection against diseases
62
and allergies
Food economy 16
Complete source of
57
nutrients
Natural contraception 4 Reduction of child mortality
EBF until six months of age 61
DISCUSSION
An important point to be noted in this
analysis is related to the product advertising
videos. Despite not encourage breastfeeding,
none of them violates the Resolution 31/92 of
the National Health Council - Conselho
Nacional de Saúde (CNS/MS), which brings
veto to the incitement to sale, regardless of
means or form, of artificial foods for replacing
the breast milk, in an indiscriminate way and,
mainly, for children in the first six months of
life.5
The majority of videos in the form of
stories indicate suitability of the information,
since it is believed that they are performed by
professionals committed to the truthfulness of
the content of their stories. Many of the
videos were uploads of the TV media itself in
English/Portuguese
J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 7(spe):1016-22, Mar., 2013
DOI: 10.5205/reuol.3934-31164-1-SM.0703esp201325
Análise de Vídeos do YOUTUBE sobre…
milk as a complete source of nutrients (28%);
next, there are the act of breastfeeding as
formation of bonding between mother and
child and breast milk as a protective factor for
the infant (both reached 20%).
% Uploads Year % Uploads
6 2006 3
29 2007 2
9 2008 10
7 2009 27
9 2010 38
4 Jan-Jun 2011 20
mentioned in 34% of videos. The other factors
have not reached one-half of the frequency of
the most cited. The BF as natural
contraception was cited in 4% of videos;
breast milk as food economy, in 16%; proper
latching as a decisive factor for the successful
breastfeeding, in 18%; the existence of labor
rights to ensure time for a working mother to
breastfeed was mentioned in 6%; the
importance of breastfeeding in the first hours
of life for a successful breastfeeding, in 18%;
BF as a protective factor against breast
cancer, in 25%; and BF as a way of reducing
child mortality, in 14%.
Cited factor %n
Proper latching 18
Labor rights 6
Breastfeeding in the first hour of life 18
Protection against cancer 25
14
Satisfactory physical and psychosocial
34
development
its YouTube channels. The several media have
bet on using the internet as a means of
disseminating information. For them, this is a
new form of writing, interacting,
communicating and sharing, transmitting
images, videos and music, in order to reach
new audiences, won by awakening the
interest of new sources of online information.6
It is possible to realize that over the years,
from 2006 to June 2011, there was a
considerable increase in uploading videos
about BF on YouTube. This may have resulted
from greater access to the internet, as well as
because of the campaigns to encourage
breastfeeding, which are held by the MS. In
recent decades, promotional and protective
actions have been put into practice to support
the breastfeeding act, in order to reduce child
mortality and improve the children’s health.
1019
ISSN: 1981-8963
Carvalho JA de, Gurgel PKF, Lima KYN de et al.
We already can observe improvements in
breastfeeding indexes, but some erroneous
practices still make the prevalence of EBF
remains far from the desirable goal.7
The major difficulties faced for beginning
and maintaining the breastfeeding are related
to disinformation population about the
importance of such a healthy habit, as well as
the risks of artificial milks and early mixed
diet. Besides these ones, there are still
misinformation about labor rights of the
mother; about how to conduct the proper
latching, which often hinders and even
prevents breastfeeding; and the minimum EBF
time that the child needs.8
Approximately 1/3 of the analyzed videos
mention only two factors that are considered
important. Comparing them with others,
which mention from three to nine factors, we
have noted that, in general, the most cited
are the same for both groups of videos and are
also those ones addressed in the surveyed
studies, namely: building of the mother-child
bond, protection against diseases and
allergies, complete source of nutrients and
EBF in the first six months of age.
In the works on the issue at stake, the main
speech is directed to the four aforementioned
factors. The BF is seen as a single source of
nutrition and enough for the infant, which
also brings the protective function and is
essential for a good physical and psychosocial
developing, due to the establishing of the
strong bond between mother and child.9
Breast milk is produced according to the
needs of each infant. Not only that, but due
to its perfect composition, it is impossible to
be reproduced. Acts as a source of food and
medication at the same time, by being able to
immediately act and prevent several diseases
of childhood and adulthood, as well as
providing all the fuel necessary for the
physical, intellectual and emotional
10
development of the newborn. But, for that
to take effect, the World Health Organization
(WHO) recommends that the infant feed itself
only through milk during the first six months
of life, a phase in which there is the largest
child development, without the provision of
any other supplementary food or drink.11
Regardless of the number of factors
mentioned in each video, it should be noted
that there is a greater concern in relation to
reflect the importance of the EBF in the first
six months of a child's life, especially in the
first hour of life. This is really the most
important factor, since the setting up of the
awareness of mothers regarding the minimum
time for EBF, all other also relevant aspects
will be accepted and may work as
English/Portuguese
J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 7(spe):1016-22, Mar., 2013
DOI: 10.5205/reuol.3934-31164-1-SM.0703esp201325
Análise de Vídeos do YOUTUBE sobre…
consequences and supporting in the successful
breastfeeding.12
Among the four most cited factors, breast
milk is crucial for the physical and
psychosocial development of the child, with a
considerable share of citation of 34%,
followed by the breastfeeding factor as
maternal protection against some cancers,
such as breast cancer, with 25 %. It is
important to make the mother becomes aware
of the benefit that the breastfeeding also
brings to her, so that she will feel more
encouraged to breastfeed. Studies performed
in developed and undeveloped countries
showed that the longer the duration of
breastfeeding, the woman acquires increased
protection against breast cancer.11
Four of the remaining items analyzed were
maintained with an average of 16.5% of
citation among videos. Among them, there are
the proper latching and stimulation of
breastfeeding within the first hour of life.
Successful breastfeeding directly depends on
these two factors. An improper latching can
cause nipple injuries and prevent the
continuity of breastfeeding. 13 As for suckling
in the first hour of life, it is crucial to the
maintenance of breastfeeding. Studies have
shown that weaning was reduced among
women who breastfed in the first six hours of
the newborns life and reinforce the
importance of early rapprochement between
mother and child with a view of forming bond,
as well as helping in the milk ejection reflex.14
The knowledge of labor rights of the
mother did not prove to be determining factor
for breastfeeding, since it is mentioned a few
times, in about 6% of the surveyed videos.
Nonetheless, the working mother should be
clarified about them so they do not become
an obstacle to the breastfeeding. Having
science on the maternity leave, as well as the
right to breastfeed in her workplace are
relevant factors for awareness of this
mother.15
With low incidence, the breastfeeding
factor as a natural contraceptive method is
also cited (4% of the analyzed videos). In spite
of being a benefit to the mother, this
procedure is not totally safe to be singly used,
because it is related to the length of
breastfeeding, which should be exclusive or
almost exclusive, and either to the maternal
physiology of menstruation return.16
FINAL REMARKS
The study showed that the analyzed videos
do not show negatives points in encouraging
breastfeeding and, despite all of them do not
address the factors listed in the research tool
1020
ISSN: 1981-8963
Carvalho JA de, Gurgel PKF, Lima KYN de et al.
in its entirety, there is a focus on the most
important factors, which are related to the
minimum time of EBF, the building of the
mother-child bond and the nutritional and
protective function of the breast milk.
Considering the overall set, despite the
large amount of discarded videos, it can be
said that almost 100% were addressed to the
research issue. An example of this are the
videos about milk banks and the World
Breastfeeding Week which, although do not
directly point out the benefits of
breastfeeding, talk about the importance of
the donation act of surplus milk, which,
indirectly, refers to the importance of
breastfeeding, and disclose the existence of
great events on this issue, which gives
importance and attention to it.
It should be taken into consideration in this
research, the use of only controlled
descriptors, by leaving aside the uncontrolled
ones, like “suckling”, which is widely used as
a synonym for breastfeeding.
REFERENCES
1. Henning PC. Internet@RNP.BR: um novo
recurso de acesso à informação. Ci Inf
[Internet]. 1993 Jan/Apr [cited 2012 Jan
23];22(1):61-4. Available from:
http://revista.ibict.br/ciinf/index.php/ciinf/
article/view/1222/86
2. Miranda A. Sociedade da informação:
globalização, identidade cultural e conteúdos.
Ci Inf [Internet]. 2000 May/Aug [cited 2012
Jan 28];29(2):[about 5 screens]. Available
from:
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ci/v29n2/a10v29n2
.pdf
3. Rodrigues CA. Presença do youtube nos
media – razões e conseqüências. 5º SOPCOM –
comunicação e cidadania. Universidade do
Minho: Braga; 2007. Available from:
http://www.bocc.ubi.pt/pag/rodrigues-
catarina-youtube-nos-media.pdf
4. Monteiro L. A Internet como meio de
comunicação possibilidades e limitações.
Anais do 24º Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências
da Comunicação. Brasil: Campo Grande; 2001.
5. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Conselho
Nacional de Saúde. Resolução CNS/MS nº 31,
de 12 de outubro de 1992. Norma brasileira
para comercialização de alimentos para
lactentes. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2002.
6. Nunes JO. A credibilidade do jornal em um
novo suporte do impresso à hipermídia.
Comtempo [Internet]. 2009 Dec [cited 2012
Feb 23];1(1):[about 5 screens]. Available
from:
English/Portuguese
J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 7(spe):1016-22, Mar., 2013
DOI: 10.5205/reuol.3934-31164-1-SM.0703esp201325
Análise de Vídeos do YOUTUBE sobre…
http://www.revistas.univerciencia.org/index.
php/comtempo/article/viewFile/6652/6089
7. Carvalhaes MABL, Parada CMGL, Costa MP.
Factors associated with exclusive
breastfeeding in children under four months
old in Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Rev latinoam
enferm [Internet]. 2007 Jan/Feb [cited 2012
Feb 23];15(1):62-9. Available from:
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rlae/v15n1/v15n1a
10.pdf
8. Carvalho MR, Tamez RN. Amamentação:
bases científicas para a prática profissional.
Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Guanabara Koogan; 2002.
9. Leung AKC, Sauve RS. Breast Is Best for
Babies. J Natl Med Assoc [Internet]. 2005 July
[cited 2012 June 6];97(7):1010-9. Available
from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P
MC2569316/pdf/jnma00188-0076
10. Neto MT. Aleitamento materno e infecção
ou da importância do mesmo na sua
Prevenção. Acta Pediatr Port [Internet]. 2006
Jan/Feb [cited 2012 Feb 23];1(37):23-6.
Available from:
http://www.spp.pt/Userfiles/File/App/Artigo
s/7/20080424104556_APP_Vol_37_N1.pdf
11. Toma TS, Rea MF. Benefits of
breastfeeding for maternal and child health:
an essay on the scientific evidence. Cad Saúde
Pública [Internet]. 2008 Jan [cited 2012 Feb
23];24(Sup 2):S235-S46. Available from:
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0102-
311X2008001400009&script=sci_arttext
12. Strapasson MR, Bonilha A. Desmame
precoce: caracterização das produções dos
cursos de pós-graduação na última década.
Rev enferm UFPE on line [Internet]. 2011 Oct
[cited 2011 July 14];5(9):2282-9. Available
from:
http://www.ufpe.br/revistaenfermagem/inde
x.php/revista/article/view/1948
13. França MCT, Giugliani ERJ, Oliveira LD,
Weigert EML, Santo LCE, Köhler CV, et al.
Bottle feeding during the first month of life:
determinants and effect on breastfeeding
technique. Rev Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2008
Aug [cited 2012 Feb 23];42(4):607-14.
Available from:
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0034-
89102008000400005&script=sci_arttext
14. Chaves RG, Lamounier JÁ, César CC.
Factors associated with duration of
breastfeeding. J pediatr [Internet]. 2007
May/June [cited 2012 Feb 23];83(3):241-6.
Available from:
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/jped/v83n3/en_v8
3n3a09.pdf
15. Faleiros FTV, Trezza EMC, carandinaL.
Factors influencing breastfeeding decision and
1021
ISSN: 1981-8963 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.3934-31164-1-SM.0703esp201325

Carvalho JA de, Gurgel PKF, Lima KYN de et al. Análise de Vídeos do YOUTUBE sobre…

duration. Rev Nutr [Internet]. 2006 Sept/Oct Campus Universitário

[cited 2012 Feb 25];19(5):623-0. Available CEP: 59072-970 ‒ Lagoa Nova (RN), Brazil
from:
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_ar
ttext&pid=S1415-52732006000500010
16. Rea MF. Benefits of breastfeeding and
womens health. J pediatr [Internet]. 2004 Nov
[cited 2012 Feb 25];80(5):142-6. Available
from:
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/jped/v80n5s0/en_v
80n5s0a05.pdf

Submission: 2012/09/03
Accepted: 2013/01/19
Published: 2013/03/2013
Corresponding Address
Francis Solange Vieira Tourinho
Departamento de Enfermagem
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
English/Portuguese
J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 7(spe):1016-22, Mar., 2013 1022