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Introduction
increasingly apparent in our environment. One of the pollution evidently found in our
environment is noise. According to the researchers Pratibha Singh, Praveen Kumar and
Maurya Roli Verma, noise problem and its related issues are one of the major problems
which are related to our environment. Though it may not seem as harmful as
contamination in water and air, noise is pollution due to its adverse effects on people and
the environment. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 360 million people
worldwide have disabling hearing loss and around 32 million of these are children, they
further stated that exposure to excessive noise is one of the causes. Noise is a sound
energy that is loud or unpleasant which causes disturbance. It can also be defined as
“unwanted sound.” Though noise is sound, they are different, and the differences depend
on the listener and the circumstances such as rock or metal music may be pleasurable to
Noise can be categorized into two types; indoor noise and outdoor noise. Outdoor
noises are found outside the house, examples of these are vehicular noise from
motorcycles, cars, buses, trains, construction sites, drilling a water pump, explosions etc.
According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), prolonged exposure to noise levels
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at or above 80 decibels would cause permanent hearing loss. A study made by the Asian
Development Bank (ADB) shows that the tailpipe noise emitter by tricycles produced
noise levels as high as 97 decibels. Based on the data presented by the Land
the entirety of the Philippines. Indoor noises are those found inside the house or a building
In terms of health, noise may cause hearing loss, hypertension, annoyance, sleep
disturbances etc. According to the Department of Health (DOH) National Registry in 1997,
hearing impairment was said to be 17% or 97,957 per 577,345 population. A similar
survey was conducted in 1995 by the Philippine Consensus of Population showed that
prevalence rate of hearing diseases was estimated to be 12.55% or 115,357 per 919,292
individuals. At that time, the criteria were based on the set by the Employees’
of hearing loss were categorized into partially deaf (7.57%), totally deaf (2.50%), poor
hearing ability (2.48%). Another survey regarding hearing loss entitled “Risk Factors in
conducted from 2000-2002, showed that the prevalence of hearing loss among Filipino
workers for both ears was at 42.4%, 12% on the right ear only, 12.1% on the left ear only
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Sound plays a key role in the ecosystem, it affects wildlife in terms of its ability to
find food, attract mate, find an adequate habitat, avoid predators and protect the young.
For example, the researchers (Loftus-Hills and Johnstone 1969, Loftus-Hills 1973)
discovered that the males of the southern brown tree frog (Litoria ewingii) from southern
Australia began calling at a higher pitch in an effort to distinguish their calls from traffic
noise, however the females of that species prefer a lower pitch calling, which means there
is less successful mating within the species in general due to noise pollution.
The researchers have learnt that noise is a sound energy and sound energy is a
mechanical energy. To be able to make use of the rapidly increasing noise pollution in
our environment, the researchers aim to find an alternative way to reuse noise or sound
energy into electrical energy. Through this study, this may help give solution to the
the countries with the highest power rates in Southeast Asia. At the same time, the
Philippines has the 5th highest cost of electricity in the world. According to the government
Navarro, about 16 million people in the Philippines still do not have access to electricity..
According to World Health Organization (WHO), 360 million people worldwide have
disabling hearing loss. As noise pollution is rapidly increasing in our environment, the
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researchers aim to make use of this sound energy and turn it into something useful. This
experimental study aims to produce an alternative use sound energy by converting sound
energy to electrical energy. This study focuses on the conversion of different levels of
sound energy into electrical energy. The researchers also aim to achieve the following
objectives:
energy produced.
sound energy into electrical energy and would also be able to further benefit the following;
the environment, the people, the country, future researchers, environmentalists and
audiologists. By converting noise into electrical energy, we may be able to lessen the
rapidly increasing noise pollution in our environment, thus contributing to the country and
the environment.
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This study will educate the people on alternative use of sound energy and help
them make use of another way to produce electricity. This study may also be used and
audiologists in their own specific fields. The researchers would like future researchers to
further expand this research study and give credits and citations to respective people.
The researchers also believe that this study would benefit the country or the nation,
as it may help give solution to the problems our country is facing up to this day. It could
studied in the future as projects or plans for the betterment of the country.
The researchers will only focus on producing a cost-effective generator which will
hopefully not exceed the budget of P200. This study will make use of recycling materials
to further ensure the project to be cost-friendly and even eco-friendly. To further limit the
study, the researchers will only make use of sound energy as the mechanical energy to
be converted and will only make a small design to prove the efficiency of the generator in
converting sound to electrical energy. There will be no use of living things in this
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Chapter II
Theoretical Background
Energy Harvesting
According to the researchers Pratibha Singh, Praveen Kumar and Maurya Roli
Verma, energy harvesting (also known as power harvesting or energy scavenging) is the
process by which energy is imitative from external sources (e.g. solar power, thermal
energy, sound energy wind energy, salinity gradients and kinetic energy), captured, and
stored for small, wireless self-governing devices, like those used in wearable electronics
integrate all its infrastructures and services into a consistent whole and using intelligent
devices for monitoring and control, to ensure sustainability and efficiency. In a world
where population numbers are constantly rising, significantly driving the consumption of
resources causing resource shortages and climate change, the incentive for innovative
solutions is obvious. Urban areas, in particular, are responsible for the major part of
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Sound Becomes Light
reversing a process that transforms electricity to sound, which is commonly used in cell
phones. This is the first time that sound has been converted to light. The findings, which
were published this week in Nature Physics, could improve how computer chips, LEDs,
and transistors are made, and also have applications in ultrafast materials science and
terahertz radiation (T-ray) generation. The research team initially predicted that the
conversion was possible around a year ago, using computer modelling, and has been
electricity into sound, or movement into electricity, and which is used in speakers and
frequency sound wave, with a frequency around 100 million times higher than what
humans are capable of hearing, through the piezoelectric material, which converted it into
electrical signals. The electrical signals gave off radiation, or light waves, in the terahertz
frequency.
According to Evan Reed, one of the authors of the study, converting sound to light
itself is novel, because there is only a very narrow frequency range -- around 100 GHz to
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The findings provide a new possible method for creating or studying several
technologies, according to Reed. One application might help build better electronics.
materials used in the study, make devices grown out of gallium nitride (GaN) and
aluminum nitride (AlN), which are grown on a substrate and consist of layers of very thin
films.
composition of the film -- even the thickness of each layer of the film is hard to measure,
devices require a specific thickness for each component of the film. In the new research,
the scientists sent acoustic waves through a film consisting of GaN and AlN layers, and
were able to measure the thickness of the layers by measuring the time that it took for the
The T-rays from the process may also help researchers in the field of ultrafast
materials science, which aims, among other things, to understand what happens to
materials in the short time frame that follows ultrafast (on a sub-nanosecond scale)
processes, like metal melting after being hit by a laser. And finally, while it wasn't the main
goal of the study, the findings may yield a new way to generate T-rays, which are
somewhat difficult to generate. T-rays can detect a variety of weapons and explosives,
and may have applications in medicine, for example, in skin cancer-detecting devices.
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Converting Sound Into Useful Energy
According to Sarah Jensen (2011), stand next to the entrance ramp of a busy
freeway at rush hour or walk into an American Eagle clothing store and the first thing
you’ll notice is the noise. The din can seem deafening, and it’s tempting to imagine
channeling that sound energy into a way to power streetlights and electric cars — or at
vice president of the MIT Energy Club and a John S. Hennessy Fellow in MIT’s
Department of Materials Science and Engineering. “But the density of the energy is very
low, and there is no way to capture it all. You’d have to have obscenely loud, continuous
What the human ear perceives as clanging cacophony — the roar of a train engine
or the whine of a pneumatic drill — only translates to about a hundredth of a watt per
square meter. In contrast, the amount of sunlight hitting a given spot on the earth is about
680 watts per meter squared. “That’s many orders of magnitude more,” explains Cohen-
Tanugi. “That’s why it’s more efficient to collect and store sunlight using solar panels than
to harvest energy from sound. And the energy density in oil and gas is orders and orders
of magnitude higher, making generating power from those sources, even more, cost
effective.”
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That’s not to say researchers aren’t examining ways to transfer environmental
noise into electrical energy. Passing trains and subways aren’t only loud, but their
surroundings rattle and vibrate as they pass, and part of the thrill of a rock concert is
feeling the whole auditorium shake. “There’s a strong interplay between vibrations
through the medium that you hear through — air or water — and the physical objects
around you,” says Cohen-Tanugi. “It’s perfectly conceivable to absorb that movement and
glean useable energy. You’re not going to power a city with it, but you can power small
devices.”
users, a flatbattery or a lost charger are among the dissatisfactions of present day life.
Presently new research guarantees an approach to revive telephones utilizing only the
energy of the human voice. Electrical specialists have built up another procedure for
transforming sound into power, enabling a portable to be controlled up while its client
holds a discussion. The innovation would likewise have the capacity to outfit foundation
clamor and even music to charge a telephone while it isn't being used.
However, there could be a drawback to the development, in the event that it gives
individuals another motivation to yell into their telephones as they endeavor to crush in
each additional piece of energy they can. Dr Sang-Woo Kim, who has been building up
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South Korea, stated: "various methodologies for rummaging vitality from situations have
been seriously investigated. "The sound that dependably exists in our regular day to day
existence and situations has been ignored as a source. This roused us to acknowledge
control age by turning sound vitality from discourse, music or clamor into electrical power.
“Sound power can be used for various novel applications including cellular phones
that can be charged during conversations and sound-insulating walls near highways that
generate electricity from the sound of passing vehicles. “The latter development would
have the additional benefit of reducing noise levels near highways by absorbing the sound
energy of vehicles.” The innovation utilizes small strands of zinc oxide sandwiched
between two electrodes. A sound engrossing cushion on top vibrates when sound waves
hit it, causing the modest zinc oxide wires to pack and discharge. This development
creates an electrical current that would then be able to be utilized to charge a battery. A
model of the innovation could change over sound of around 100 decibels – the likeness
boisterous activity – to produce 50 millivolts of power. Our present yield execution can be
connected to different electronic gadgets with low-control utilization, for example, self-
controlled sensors and body-implantable small gadgets. We trust that we can understand
developed devices that can use the heartbeat to power MP3 players, while Nokia has
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filed a patent for a device which harvests energy from movement, much like a kinetic
energy powered watch. Researchers in Japan and Germany have changed over vitality
between metal layers. In the investigation, when sound waves are coordinated at an
interface between the thin metal layer and attractive material, electrical signs are created
at a couple of terminals joined previously. At the point when the soundwaves achieve the
attractive material, this makes a turn current that gets grabbed by three layers of metal.
This is the place the activity class-sounding converse turn Lobby impact kicks in,
Not to be mistaken for Orange's Sound Charge Shirt, researchers trust that it ought
to be conceivable to produce that magical electromagnetic vitality from any material later
on. Right now, the task is investigating materials that can squeeze out more voltage from
the procedure - maybe a couple of years after the fact shouting at our telephones will give
their batteries a lift? Watch the video after the break for more specialized points of interest
Audio Transducer
Testing (UT) technique that generates the sound in the part inspected instead of the
transducer. It induces ultrasonic waves into a test object with two interacting magnetic
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fields. A relatively high frequency (RF) field generated by electrical coils interacts with a
manner like an electric motor. This disturbance is transferred to the lattice of the
waves in the presence of a magnetic field induces currents in the receiving EMAT coil
circuit.
that enhance the signals to much higher levels than could be obtained by the Lorentz
force alone. Various types of waves can be generated using different combinations of RF
https://wakeup-world.com/2011/05/30/new-technology-converts-sound-into-
electricity/
http://www.elpapiezo.ru/eng/piezoceramic_e.shtml
http://dspace.unimap.edu.my/dspace/bitstream/123456789/1346/4/Literature%20re
view.pdf
https://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2009-03/sound-becomes-light
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-47145-7_19
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4003967/
http://www.nanomotion.com/piezo-ceramic-motor-technology/piezoelectric-effect/
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https://www.engadget.com/2011/09/20/researchers-convert-soundwaves-into-
electromagnetic-energy-sile/
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/03/these-are-the-cities-with-the-worst-
noise-pollution/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1253729/
https://www.innerspec.com/knowledge/emat-technology/
http://www.montana.edu/rmaher/ee417/transducer_tutorial.pdf
2.2.Conceptual Framework
Indoor
Noise
Sound Energy to
Electrical Energy
Energy Electrical
Harvesting Energy
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2.3. Operational Definition of Variables
Noise (Sound Energy) - A sound energy that is loud or unpleasant which causes
disturbance.
Audio Transducer- A device that transforms one form of energy – typically a signal, into
another.
Conversion - The act or process of changing from one form, state, etc to another.
captured, and stored for small, wireless self-governing devices, like those used in
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Chapter III
Methodology
Noise
(Sound Energy)
Audio Transducer:
Speaker
(Red)
1. The researchers will divide noise into 3 categories: Low level, Medium level and
High level.
3. The speaker will then convert sound energy into electrical energy which would help
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4. Uq na
Used Speaker 1
Scissors 1
Electric tape 1
3.3 Procedure:
2. Break open the speaker and take the speaker with the attached wire to it.
4. Connect the wires to another wire (if needed) by proceeding to wrap the wires
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7. Then put it near a source of sound energy and proceed to collect data.
The researchers will collect data through three trials with different levels of noise.
They will separately undergo the audio transducer to different testing material and collect
data. The experiment’s indicator will be the use LED light (red) which will light up when
the sound is successfully converted into electrical energy. The researchers will proceed
to right down the data that they have collected and input it in an excel file which will further
be processed.
The researchers will make use of Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel and Epi Info
ver. 7. They will encode the data with the use of Excel and save it as a smaller version
so that it would be opened in Epi Info. With the use of Epi Info, they will make tables
and easily get the mean and other variables needed with one click. Presentation of data
will be in tables and graphs. The researchers will make use of pie graphs to compare
the mean of each experiment and bar graphs to further show the data jotted down by
each trial in the experiment. This will make use of Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel in
encoding the data. The researchers will also make use graphical and narrative analysis
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Chapter IV
The researchers were able to come up with a positive result in the conducted
experiment showing the potential of sound energy being transduced into electrical
energy. There are two trials, each varies in terms of level of sound produced by the
source. In the first trial, all speakers were set in their maximum volume to test if how
many led lights they can possibly accommodate. Whereas, in the second trial, the
researchers set the sound intensity equal in all speakers to see if the size and build are
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4.2. Data Analysis
Based on the trials that the researchers conducted between the sound
range of the three different speakers; a.) mobile’s speaker, b.) a medium
sized speaker, and c.) a huge speaker, the source of sound from the
mobile phone is not enough to fully light up an LED light though flickers
source of sound from a medium sized speaker can light up an LED light
fully. The researchers also decided to add up some more LED and it is
still able to produce light energy for the medium sized speaker is more
the mobile phone. On the other hand, with the help of the large amount of
decibels in the huge speaker, the researchers noticed that the LED lights
were easily lit up. Meaning, the energy it gives were absolutely enough to
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Chapter V
5.1. Summary:
This study was made to expand the knowledge of the researchers and other future
researchers about the other beneficial or alternative uses of sound energy particularly on
its capability of producing noise levels that could convert sound energy into electrical
energy. For this to be possible, the study focuses on the conversion of different levels of
sound into electrical energy with the use of speaker as a generator. In this study, the
noise or sound energy was observed based on the level of the noise either outside or
indoor; low level of noise, medium level of noise, and high level of noise. Through this
observation, we will be able to see effectiveness of the level of noises to the audio
Sound energy is a mechanical energy which travel in the form of wave, and to
convert sound energy into electrical energy, the sound or noises needed a medium for it
to travel. Through this medium, it can be able to disturb the some particles that causes or
produces electricity.
The researchers on this study did three different trials between the sound range of
was able to find out that the effectiveness to light up an LED light really varies on how
strong the sound is. The huge speaker used with decibels of 129 that was connected to
5 LED lights was able to produce more distinct light compared to others.
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5.2. Conclusion:
5.3. Recommendation:
Now that we know that the sound has two categories- outdoor and indoor noise. The
researchers recommend that the trials should also be made outdoor. The trials or tests
should not just be limited to indoor noise but to outdoor noise also. For example is the
noise coming from the vehicles- horn, “tambucho”, and etc.. This tests could also be made
to see whether which noise would produce greater amount of energy. And researchers
also recommend changing something from the circuit for better outcome than the one the
researchers produced.
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References:
https://wakeup-world.com/2011/05/30/new-technology-converts-sound-into-
electricity/
http://www.elpapiezo.ru/eng/piezoceramic_e.shtml
http://dspace.unimap.edu.my/dspace/bitstream/123456789/1346/4/Literature%20re
view.pdf
https://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2009-03/sound-becomes-light
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-47145-7_19
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4003967/
http://www.nanomotion.com/piezo-ceramic-motor-technology/piezoelectric-effect/
https://www.engadget.com/2011/09/20/researchers-convert-soundwaves-into-
electromagnetic-energy-sile/
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/03/these-are-the-cities-with-the-worst-
noise-pollution/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1253729/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XU_OHh2JR1c
http://www.montana.edu/rmaher/ee417/transducer_tutorial.pdf
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