 Recreation – an integral part of Civic Welfare Training Service and the Literacy

Training Program of the National Service Training Program.

 FOUR THEORIES ON LEISURE
1. Leisure as time – a person is free to choose activities, passive or active. It is
regarded as discretionary time, as distinguished from spent working or
sustaining existence.
2. Leisure as state of mind – a style of behavior or an attitude. Its focus is the
individual state of mind of condition of existence.
3. Leisure as an activity – identified by viewing the non-work activities that one of
the participants in that are associated with leisure experience is limited to a
select number of activities.
4. The holistic model of leisure – suggests that all one’s life experiences have the
potential for leisure.

 BASIC CONCEPTS OF PLAY AND RECREATION

o PLAY
AUTHORS w/ DESCRIPTION
 Slavon – the child, in fantasy, comes to know reality
 Hulzinga – play is accompanied by a feeling of tension, joy, and
consciousness different from ordinary life
 Froebel – play is the purest and spiritual activity of man therefore it
gives joy, freedom, contentment, inner and outer rest, and peace.
 Plato – can best be judged by the criterion of charm that is in it and
pleasure it affords
 Carlson, et al. – any enjoyable activity
 Vannier – performed for its own sake during free time
 Bromney – a personal response, a psychological reaction, an attitude,
as way of life
 Fitzgerald – natural expression during leisure of human interest
seeking satisfaction
 Butler – any activity that is not consciously performed for reward
beyond itself.
 VALUES OF RECREATION
1. Psychological Activity – important tool in prevention of mental illness and in
rehabilitation of mentally ill patients.
2. Physical Aspects – sports, games, others can make an important contribution to
the physical well-being.
3. Social Aspects – provide opportunity for group experiences that meet
fundamental human needs.
4. Personal Values – physical well being, mental and emotional health, intellectual
development, character development, social adjustment, aesthetic, spiritual
values and ability to organize and carry responsibility.
5. Values to Society – community attractiveness
 RECREATION OF SPECIAL CASES
1. Single – Leg Amputees
2. Single – Arm Amputee
3. Hearing Impaired
4. Visual Impaired
THERAPEUTIC RECREATION SERVICES
- Archery, Dancing, Bowling, Golf,
Swimming, Diving, Camping, Baseball, Fishing,
Singing, and others.
- Badminton, Baseball, Basketball, Diving,
Fencing Hiking, Skating, Fishing, Singing and
others.
- Fishing, Bowling, Diving, Golf, Soccer,
Tumbling, Horseback, Riding, Camping, Fencing,
and others.
- Singing, Playing instrument, Dancing,
Sungca, and others

 TEAM DEVELOPMENT
o Team - a number of persons associated together in work/activity.
- formed in a coordinated ensemble mark by devotion to team work rather
than individual achievement.
o Friction may arise between people due to having different expectations with
each other.
o The management of the organization depends on proper coordination.
 STAGES OF TEAM DEVELOPMENT
o According to a 1965 research paper by Bruce Tuckman of the Naval Medical
Reseach Institute of Bethesda, teams undergo 4 stages:
 Stage 1: Forming
o Team members get to know other members and familiarize
themselves with their task and with their supervisor.
o They should know...
 The project’s overall mission
 The main phases of the mission
 The resources at their disposal
 A rough project schedule
 Each member’s project responsibilities
 A basic set of team rules
 Stage 2: Storming
o Characterized by competition and conflict within the team as
members learn to bend and mold their feelings, ideas, attitudes,
and beliefs to suit the team organization.
o Team members must move from a testing-and proving mentality
to a problem-solving mentality.
 Stage 3: Norming
o Team relations are characterized by cohesion.
o Characterized by the flow of data between team members. They
share feelings and ideas, solicit and give feedback to one another,
and explore actions related to the task.
 o Drawback: members may begin to fear the inevitable future
breakup of the group; they may resist change of any sort.
 Stage 4: Performing
o Team members are both highly task-oriented and highly people-
oriented.
o The task function becomes genuine problem solving, leading to
optimal solutions and optimum team development.
 ADJOURNING – Team breaks up
-- Includes recognition for participations and achievement and an
opportunity for members to say personal goodbyes
-- Wrapping up activities rather than on task performance
-
 CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE TEAM
o The team members share a sense of purpose or common goal and each member
is willing to work.
o KENNETH BLANCHARD DESCRIBES THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE
TEAM USING MNEMONIC PERFORM:
 PURPOSE
 Members are committed
 Clear goals and relevant to purpose
 Clear strategies
 Clear individual roles
 EMPOWERMENT
 There’s a personal and collective sense of power
 Access to necessary skills and resources
 Policies and practices support team objectives
 Mutual respect and willingness
 RELATIONSHIPS AND COMMUNICATIONS
 Express themselves openly and honestly
 Understanding and acceptance are expressed
 Listening actively to each other
 Diff. opinions and perspectives are valued
 FLEXIBILITY
 Perform diff. roles and functions when needed
 Responsible for team leadership and development
 Adaptable to changing demand
 Various ideas and approaches are explored
 OPTIMAL PRODUCTIVITY
 High output
 Excellent quality
 Effective decision-making
 Clear problem solving process
 RECOGNITION AND APPRECIATION
 Individual contributions are recognized and appreciated
  Team accomplishments are recognized
 Group members are respected
 Team contributions are valued and recognized
 MORALE
 Feels good about their membership on the team
 Confident and motivated
 Have a sense of pride and satisfaction about their work
 Strong sense of cohesion and team spirit

 CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE TEAM LEADERS

o Knows how to communicate o Setting and emphasizing goals
o Honest and fair o Focused
o Deciding with inputs from o Listens to feedback and
others questions
o Consistent asking o Loyal
o Provides information to the o Create atmosphere of growth
team members
 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO TEAM DEVELOPMENT AND EFFECTIVESS
o Shared Goals and Objectives
 Goals/objectives must be expressed in general understanding
o Utilization of Objectives
 Establishing an environment that allows individual resources to be used
o Trust and Conflict Resolution
 Recognizing conflict and seek to resolve it through discussing is critical to
the teams’ success
o Shared Leadership
 Development and cohesion of a team occurs only if there is a feeling of
shared leadership among all team members

 BUILDING A BETTER TEAM

o Teamwork reflects camaraderie
 A team will not work if members are self centered and if they don’t know
each other
o Teamwork reflects unity
 Divides the effort and multiplies the success
 Roles are balanced and shared to facilitate both the accomplishment of
task and feelings of team cohesion and morale

 A DREAM TEAM LEADER

o Wide visibility o Has tolerance and flexibility
o Give praises and recognitions o Assertive
o Criticize and address problems o Willing to change
properly o Respectful
o Develop plans o Available and accessible any
o Shares mission goals time
 o In charge o Set guidelines
o Accept ownership for team o Represents the team and lead a
decisions good fight

 DICTATORS
o Monopolizing the decisions o Taking things for themselves
o Deciding alone
o Viewing truth and wisdom as
their domains
o Surprising their workers with
edicts from above
o Guarding their own interest

 FACILITATORS
o Pushing decisions down to the o Letting those who are
line responsible to decide how the
o Involving others as much as jobs will be done
possible o Serving everyone’s interest
o Viewing truth and wisdom as o Giving to the organization
being accessible to everyone

 CHARACTERISTICSOF EFFECTIVE TEAM MEMBER

o Supporting o Recognize that they
o Helpful individually serve as team
o All view points are explored leader
o Express opinions o Balance appropriate levels of
o Give compliments participation
o Provides accurate information o Participate voluntarily
o Protect and defends both the o Maintain confidentiality
team and the leader o View criticism as an
o Has positive and constructive opportunity to grow
manner o Share ideas
o Gives appropriate feedback o Criticize ideas not people
o Accept ownership to the team o Attend meetings regularly and
decisions promptly

 COMMON TEAM PROBLEMS

o Backbiting and complaining
o Presence of spy of the owner
o Two coalitions
o Personal stress
o Combative behavior
o Infinite Details
o Amount of time to make
decisions
o Shifting and changing decisions
 SEVEN TEAM WELL-BEING SECRETS
1. PURPOSE
 Committed to the same purpose
 Well articulated corporate and team purpose
 Common understanding of the purpose
2. ROLE
 Contribution to fulfill purpose
 Enacting the specific role needed to achieve its purpose
3. STRATEGY
 Things to do to achieve purpose
 Understanding the team strategy and using it as a guide
 Ask what new things they should and should not do
4. PROCESS
 Things to work on together
 Aware of the processes of system of operation
 Take conscious effort
5. PEOPLE
 Care for one another
 Has the required expertise and knowledge to implement the team’s
strategy
 Understanding individual contribution to the team and team members
6. FEEDBACK
 Using information regarding the performance
 Gives feedback on its behavior and performance from key stakeholder
7. INTERFACE
 Ways on how to manage the team’s relationship
 Manages its critical relationship with external people or environment in
order to build needed relationship and enhance existing ones.