UNIVERSITY OF BALAMAND

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Civil Engineering Department

CIVE443 – Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings

Instructor Name: Dr. Hikmat Zerbe
Student’s name: Mario Antoun
ID: A1310167
E-mail: mario_antoun@hotmail.com
Semester: Fall 2017

Due date: 16/11/2017

Contents
Building model: ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Structural Elements: ................................................................................................................................. 4
Material Properties: .................................................................................................................................. 4
Loads: ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Given: ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
1) Model the building using ETABS and provide coordinates of CM and CR. ........................................... 5
Weight Calculation: ................................................................................................................................... 7
Weight of slabs: ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Weight of columns: ................................................................................................................................... 7
Weight of beams: ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Weight of walls: ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Façade Loads: ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Weight of roof staircase:........................................................................................................................... 8
Total Weight of the Building: .................................................................................................................... 9
Calculated Weight by ETABS: .................................................................................................................... 9
Error Between manual calculations and ETABS for the total Weight: ...................................................... 9
2) Calculate the equivalent static force (base shear) for the building manually using Ta, and compare it
with ETABS results (using Ta). ..................................................................................................................... 10
Error Between manual calculations and ETABS for the base shear:....................................................... 10
3) Get the floor displacements of the CM from ETABS, and re-calculate the equivalent static seismic
force (base shear) for the building using Tb manually, and compare it with ETABS results (using Tb). .... 11
4) Verify of the seismic loads resisting system can be classified as a dual system in both directions, and
make necessary arrangements. .................................................................................................................. 13
In the x direction: .................................................................................................................................... 13
In the Y direction: .................................................................................................................................... 14
The new base shear in the x direction: ................................................................................................... 15
The new base shear in the y direction .................................................................................................... 17

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FIGURE 1: FIGURE SHOWING THE 3D MODEL OF THE BUILDING 5
FIGURE 2: TABLE SHOWING THE COORDINATES OF THE CENTER OF MASS AND CENTER OF RIGIDITY 6
FIGURE 3: FIGURE SHOWING THE CLEAR DISTANCE FOR FACADES 8
FIGURE 4: TABLE SHOWING THE HEIGHT, WEIGHT, FORCE AND SHEAR FOR EACH STORY 11
FIGURE 5: DISPLACEMENTS DUE TO VX 11
FIGURE 6: TA, WEIGHT AND SHEAR IN THE X DIRECTION 12
FIGURE 7: DISPLACEMENTS DUE TO VY 12
FIGURE 8:TA, WEIGHT AND SHEAR IN THE Y DIRECTION 12
FIGURE 9: THE REACTIONS AT THE JOINTS AT THE FIRST FLOOR IN THE X DIRECTION 13
FIGURE 10:THE REACTIONS AT THE JOINTS AT THE FIRST FLOOR IN THE Y DIRECTION 14

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Building model:
The building consists of 5 stories with 3.5m floor heights and a 3m basement below encircled by
a 25m thick basement wall. The building has two 4.5m long shear walls running in the x
direction and one 2.5m long shear wall running in the y direction in addition to a staircase.

Structural Elements:
 Rectangular Column dimensions: 30x70cm
 Square column dimensions: 40x40cm
 Main Beam dimensions: 25x60cm
 Secondary beam dimensions: 20x50cm
 Solid slab thickness: 16cm
 Structural wall thickness in basement and ground floor: 25cm
 Other floor thickness of structural walls : 20cm

Material Properties:
 Compressive strength of concrete F’c= 280 kg/cm2
 Concrete unit weight (ϒc)= 2500 kg/m3
 Steel yield strength Fy= 4200 kg/cm2
 Steel Yield strength for ties Fyt= 3000 kg/cm2

Loads:
 Super imposed DL= 300 kg/m2
 Partition Equivalent DL= 400kg/m2
 Live Load LL= 250kg/m2
 Roof LL= 750 Kg/m2
 Live Load Patern = 0
 Façade cladding= 600 kg/m2

Given:
Seismic Zone = 3 Soil Classification = SB
Ca = 0.3 Cv = 0.3
I (Importance Factor) = 1 h = 3.5 * 5 = 16.25 m
e (Eccentricity) = 0.05 (L or B) Ct = 0.0488 (0.02 in ETABS)
R = 6.5 (Assuming both directions are Dual System – Shear Walls – IMRF)

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1) Model the building using ETABS and provide coordinates of CM
and CR.

Figure 1: Figure showing the 3D model of the Building

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Centers of mass and rigidity are obtained from ETABS and the results are:

Figure 2: table showing the coordinates of the center of mass and center of rigidity

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Weight Calculation:

Weight of slabs:
Area of slabs in each story: Ai= 19*13= 247 m2

Total Area of slabs in the building: At= 247*5= 1235 m2

Total Volume of Slabs: V= 1235*0.16= 197.6 m3

Total Self Weight of Slabs: wslabs-self -weight= 197.6*2.5= 494 tones

SDL/floor: 300/1000*247= 74.1 tones

Partitions laod: 400/1000*247= 98.8 tones

N.B: on the roof we don’t have partition loads

 Total Weight of Slabs: Wslabs= 494+74.1*5+98.8*4= 1259.7 tones

Weight of slab in floors 1 till 5: Wper floor= 247*0.16*2.5+74.1+98.8= 271.7 tones

Weight of slab of the roof: Wroof= 247*0.16*2.5+74.1= 172.9 tones

Weight of columns:
Length of each column: 5*(3.5-0.16) =16.7 m

Self-Weight of square columns: 0.4*0.4*16.7*16*2.5= 106.88 tones

Self-weight of rectangular columns: 0.3*0.7*16.7*4*2.5= 35.07 tones

Total weight of columns: 106.88+35.07= 141.95 tones

Weight of columns per floor: W= (3.5-0.16)*0.4*0.4*16*2.5+ (3.5-0.16)*0.3*0.7*4*2.5= 28.39 tones

Weight of beams:
Main beams:

Length of main beams: (19*4+13*5)-(4.5*4+2.5*2) = 118m

Volume of the beam: 0.6*0.2*118= 17.7 m3

Weight of the main beams: 17.7*2.5= 44.25 tones

Secondary beams:

Length of secondary beams: 13*2= 26m

Volume of the beam: 0.5*0.2*26= 2.6 m3

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Weight of the secondary beams: 2.6*2.5= 6.5 tones

Total weight of beams: (44.25+6.5)*5= 253.75 tones

Weight of beams per floor: W= 50.75 tones

Weight of walls:
Length of walls per floor: 4.5*4+2.5*2= 23 m

Weight of shear walls: 23*0.25*(3.5-0.16)*2.5+23*(3.5-0.16)*0.2*4*2.5= 201.65 tones

Weight of shear walls in the ground floor: WGF= 23*0.25*(3.5-0.16)*2.5= 48.0125 tones

Weight if shear walls in other floors: Wothers= 23*(3.5-0.16)*0.2*4*2.5= 38.41 tones

Façade Loads:
Clear Height of facades: 3.5-0.6= 2.9m

Figure 3: Figure Showing the clear distance for facades

Perimeter of facades without shear walls: (2*(19+13)-4.5*2) =55 m

All floors except roof: 0.6*2.9*55*4= 382.8 tones

Roof façade (1 m height): 0.6*1*2*(19+13) =38.4 tones

Total Façade weight: 382.8+38.4= 421.2 tones

Weight of façade per floor: 0.6*2.9*55= 95.7 tones

Weight of façade in the roof: 0.6*1*2*(19+13) = 38.4 tones

Weight of roof staircase:

Walls area: 2*(4.5+2.5)*(3-0.16/2) = 40.88 m2

Ceiling area: 4.5*2.5= 11.25 m2

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Total Weight of roof staircase: 40.88*0.25+11.25*0.16= 12.02 tones

Total Weight of the Building:

W= 1259.7+ 141.95+ 253.75+ 201.65+ 421.2+ 12.02= 2290.27 tones

Calculated Weight by ETABS:

Error Between manual calculations and ETABS for the total Weight:
(2290.27-2213.84)/2290.27*100= 3.33% < 5%  Acceptable!

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2) Calculate the equivalent static force (base shear) for the building
manually using Ta, and compare it with ETABS results (using Ta).

Zone 3 Soil SB  Cv=0.3 and Ca=0.3

I= 1 R= 6.5 (assuming a dual system with IMRF)

Ct = 0.0488 Htotal = 17.5 m

Ta= Ct*(h)3/4= 0.0488 * 17.5 0.75 = 0.42 secs < 0.7 secs ==> Ft = 0

V = (Ca*I)/(R*Ta) * Wtotal =0.3/ (6.5 * 0.42) *2290.27= 251.68 tones

Vmax = (2.5 * Ca * I * Wtotal) / R = 2.5*0.3*2290.27/6.5 = 264.27 tones

Vmin = .11 * Ca * I * Wtotal = 75.58 tones

Vmin < V < Vmax

Error Between manual calculations and ETABS for the base shear:
(251.68-244.94)/251.68*100= 2.68% <5%  Acceptable!

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3) Get the floor displacements of the CM from ETABS, and re-calculate
the equivalent static seismic force (base shear) for the building using Tb
manually, and compare it with ETABS results (using Tb).

Calculating Floor lateral loads and floor shears due to Ta:

Stories Hi(m) Wi(t) Fx(t) Vx(t)

5 17.5 340.87 65.35 65.35
4 14 484.95 74.39 139.74
3 10.5 484.95 55.79 195.53
2 7 484.95 37.19 232.72
1 3.5 494.37 18.96 251.68
Figure 4: table showing the height, weight, force and shear for each story

𝑊𝑖∗𝐻𝑖
𝐹𝑥 = ΣWiHi ∗ 𝑉

ΣWiHi= 22971.445 t.m V=251.68 tons

Displacements Due to VX from ETABS:

Stories Displacement ( m )
5 0.0007
4 0.0005
3 0.0004
2 0.0002
1 0.0001
Figure 5: Displacements due to Vx

𝛴𝑊𝑖𝛿𝑖^2
𝑇𝑏 = 2𝜋√
𝑔∗𝛴𝐹𝑖𝛿𝑖

ΣWiδi2=494.37*0.00012+484.95 (0.00022+0.00042+0.00052) + 340.87*0.00072= 0.0003902

ΣFiδi= 18.96*0.0001+37.19*0.0002+55.79*0.0004+74.39*0.0005+65.35*0.0007= 0.11459

0.0003902
𝑇𝑏 = 2𝜋√9.81∗0.11459= 0.11706 sec < (1.4 Ta = 0.588 sec)

𝐶𝑎∗𝐼 0.3∗1
𝑉𝑏𝑥 = 𝑅∗𝑇𝑏 ∗ 𝑊= 6.5∗0.11706 * 2290.27= 903 tones > Vmax= 264.27 tones  use V= 264.27

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 Figure 6: Ta, Weight and shear in the x direction

Displacements Due to VY from ETABS :

Stories Displacement ( m )
5 0.0014
4 0.0011
3 0.0009
2 0.0005
1 0.0002
Figure 7: Displacements due to Vy

𝛴𝑊𝑖𝛿𝑖^2
𝑇𝑏 = 2𝜋√ 𝑔∗𝛴𝐹𝑖𝛿𝑖

ΣWiδi2=494.37*0.00022+484.95*(0.00052+0.00092+0.00112) + 340.87 *0.00142 = 0.001789

ΣFiδi= 18.96*0.0002+37.19*0.0005+55.79*0.0009+74.39*0.0011+65.35*0.0014= 0.245917

0.001789
𝑇𝑏 = 2𝜋√9.81∗0.245917 = 0.171 sec < (1.4 Ta = 0.588 sec)

Tby=0.171 sec
𝐶𝑎∗𝐼 0.3∗1
𝑉𝑏𝑦 = 𝑅∗𝑇𝑏 ∗ 𝑊= 6.5∗0.171 * 2290.27= 618.18 tones > Vmax= 264.27  use V= 264.27 tones

Figure 8:Ta, Weight and shear in the y direction

As we can see, Tb is approximately the same and Vbx and Vby are very close to our result,

The error is:

Error = (264.27-255.44)/264.27*100= 3.34% < 5%  Acceptable!

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4) Verify of the seismic loads resisting system can be classified as a dual
system in both directions, and make necessary arrangements.
In order to check if a system is a dual system or not, we must calculate the resistance of the columns
and the shear walls for each direction and if the ΣFframes /100 < 0.25 then the wall is not a dual system, if
not then it is.

To do get the reactions of the columns and walls on ETABS we must use a separate model where we
delete the basement floor to read the reactions on the ground floor. After doing so we fix the supports
and then we apply a 100 ton point force on the roof at the coordinates of the CR (center of rigidity) for
both directions.

In the x direction:

Figure 9: the reactions at the joints at the first floor in the x direction

Shear Wall Supports: A1-A2 D1-D2 B3-B4 BC3-BC4

ΣFwall=11.5604+10.6627+11.8828+11.2631+10.4534+15.9279+9.3076+15.1903 = 96.25 %

ΣFframes= 100 - ΣFwall = 3.75 % << 25 %

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So in the X- Direction we don’t have a dual system we only have shear walls.
So when designing the shear walls we must release all beams in the X-Direction with R=5.5 (Building
frame system, concrete).

In the Y direction:

Figure 10:the reactions at the joints at the first floor in the y direction

Shear Wall Supports: B2-BC2 B3-BC3

ΣFwall=13.4496+15.7836+26.0506+26.7493=82 %

Resisting Frame Supports: axes 1 – 4 – 5.

ΣFframes= 100 - ΣFwall = 18%

Since 18 tons is close to 25 tons, we should increase the ratio from 18 % to 25 % by multiplying V by
25/18 when designing the frames only.

So the y direction has a dual system with R=6.5.

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The new base shear in the x direction:

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The new base shear in the y direction

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