OCCUPATIONAL

HEALTH

Presentation by
DR. VIOLET (de Sa) PINTO
Lecturer, Department of PSM
Objectives:
At the end of the session the student shall have
knowledge of :
Concept of ergonomics and occupational
environment
Occupational hazards and related occupational
diseases
Measures for health protection of workers.
Measures for prevention of occupational diseases.
Definition
Promotion and
maintenance of physical,
mental and social well-
being of the workers
Prevention amongst
workers’
departures from health

Protection from risks

Placing and
maintenance
Ergonomics

Fitting the job to the Ergon = work

worker
Designing machines, Nomos=
tools, equipment,
processes
Layout
Methods of works and
environment
Occupational Environment
Man and physical,
chemical and
biological agents

Man and machines

Man and man

Occupational Hazards

Hazards
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Mechanical
Psychological &Social
Occupational diseases
Due to heat, cold, light, pressure,
physical noise, radiation,
agents mechanical factors,
electricity
Due to Gases, dusts (organic/
chemical inorganic), metals,
agents chemicals , solvents
Due to Brucellosis, leptospirosis,
biological anthrax, tetanus etc.
agents
Occupa- Of skin, lung, bladder
tional
cancers
Occupa- Dermatitis, eczema
tional
dermatitis
Psycho- Hypertension, peptic
logical ulcer
origion
Pneumoconiosis
Dust particles 0.5 – 3 micron

Chemical composition ,
fineness, concentration, period
of exposure, individual
susceptibility.

Inorganic and organic dusts

INORGANIC DUSTS

Silicosis
Free silica/silicon dioxide
Mining, pottery, sandblasting etc.
Irritant cough, dyspnoea on exertion, chest pain
Snow storm appearance

Dust control measures:

substitution, enclosure, isolation, hydroblasting,
good housekeeping.
Regular examinaton

Mines act, factories act

INORGANIC DUSTS
Asbestosis
Silicates of Mg, Ca, Na.
Anthracosis Serpentine /Amphibole
Coal Asbestos,cement,firepro
of,textiles, roof lining
Simple pneumoconiosis, Respiratory
progressive massive insufficiency,Ca
fibrosis. bronchus, mesothelioma

Safer types, substitution,

Indian mines act, rigorous dust control
Workman’s measures, periodic
examination, continuing
compensation act research.
ORGANIC DUSTS

Bagassosis
Sugar cane dust, thermoactinomyces sacchari,
Cane sugar industry, paper,rayon,cardboard
Breadthlessness, cough, haemoptysis, slight fever,
Mottling in lung shadow.

Dust control,
Personal protection,
Medical control,
Bagasse control-moisture >20%,2% propionic acid.
ORGANIC DUSTS

Byssinosis Farmer’s Lung

Cotton fibre Mouldy hay, grain dust
Textile industry 30% moist,
micropolyspora faeni, >
Chronic cough, Temperature
dyspnoea, prog. Chronic
bronchitis,emphysema General and respiratory
symptoms, physical
signs.
Occupational hazards of agricultural
workers
Zoonotic diseases

Accidents

Toxic hazards

Physical hazards

Respiratory diseases
ACCIDENTS IN SICK ABSENTEEISM
INDUSTRY
Causes-
Causes- Economic, social, medical,
physical, physiological, non occupational
psychological
Prevention-
environmental

Prevention-

LEAD POISONING RADIATION

Exposure,
Clinical picture,
HAZARDS
Diagnosis,
Preventive measures,
Effects of radiation
Management

Preventive measures
 HEALTH PROBLEMS DUE TO

INDUSTRALISATION
1.Environment sanitation problems

2.Communicable diseases

3.Food sanitation

4.Mental health

5.Accidents

6.Social problems

7.Morbidity and mortality

 MEASURES FOR HEALTH
PROTECTION OF WORKERS
1.Nutrition
2.Communicable disease control
3.Environmental sanitation
Water supply, food, toilet, general plant
cleanliness, sufficient space, lighting, ventilation,
protection against hazards, housing.
4.Mental health
5.Measures for women and children.
6.Health education
7.Family planning
 PREVENTION OF
OCCUPATIONAL
DISEASES.

MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGIS-

MEASURES MEASURES LATION
 MEDICAL MEASURES

1.Preplacement examination
2.Periodic examination
3.Medical and health care services
4.Notification
5.Supervision of working environment
6.Maintenance and analysis of records
7.Health education & counselling
 ENGINEERING MEASURES

1.Designs of building
2.Good housekeeping
3.General ventilation
4.Mechanisaton
5. Substitution
6.Dusts
7.Enclosure
8.Isolation
9.Local exhaust ventilation
10.Protective devices
11.Environmental monitoring
12.Statistical monitoring
13.Research
 LEGISLATION

1. FACTORIES ACT,1948
Scope, health, welfare
Employment, Hours of work, Occupational diseases, Hours of
work,, Employment in hazardous proc.
2. ESIS ACT, 1948
1.Medical
2.Sickness
3.Maternity
4.Disablement
5.Dependents benefit
6.Extra benefits
Extended sickness, Limbs, F.P., Protection against dismissal,
Funeral expenses, Rehabilitation expenses, Retirement.
 E.S.I. CORPORATION

Members
Representatives of employees organisations, medical profession,parliament
Chairman
Union minister for labour
Vice Chairman
Secretary to Government of India,Ministry of Lbour

Ceo,Director General ESI

Insurance, Medical, Finance Comissioner

Medical Benefits Council

Chairman DGHS