Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Aseptic Meningitis Syndrome
Ahmad Rizal Ganiem
Dept. Neurology
Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung
CURRICULUM VITAE
NAMA : dr. Ahmad Rizal Ganiem SpS(K) PhD
JABATAN : Kepala Departemen IP.Saraf
FK.UNPAD – RS dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung
PENDIDIKAN :
1. Fakultas Kedokteran UNPAD Bandung,lulus tahun 1989
2. Spesialis Ilmu Penyakit Saraf FK.Unpad,lulus tahun 2003
3. Program Pendidikan S3 – Ph.D, Radbound University, Nijmegen, Belanda 2013
RIWAYAT PEKERJAAN :
• Dokter TNI AD (1992‐1998)
• Staf Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Saraf Subdiv Neuroinfeksi RS dr Hasan Sadikin– FK.UNPAD
Bandung
• Ketua Program Studi Bagian IP.Saraf FK UNPAD : 2014 – 2018
• Kepala Departemen IP.Saraf FK.UNPAD – RS dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung 2018 ‐
sekarang
ORGANISASI :
Anggota IDI/PERDOSSI Cabang Bandung
Introduction
• Meningitis ~ meningeal inflammation
• Aseptic meningitis
– Meningeal inflammation (+)
– Common bacterial agents (‐)
– Signs of encephalitis (‐)
– Signs of myelitis (‐)
• Aseptic meningitis = viral meningitis?
– Some are caused by bacteria, parasites, fungi
Introduction
• Certain pathogens more commonly cause
“pure” meningitis or “pure” encephalitis
– meningoencephalitis or encephalomyelitis
• Annual incidence:
– Vary among countries:
• 2.73 – 13.47 per 100,000 in England
• 7.6 per 100,000 in Finland
• 75,000 cases per year in the US
• Indonesia ?
• Increased incidence of viral meningitis
– Decreasing incidence of bacterial meningitis due to
immunization
– Advances in virological diagnosis: tissue culture, PCR
• In England and Wales, incidence of viral
encephalitis and meningitis is 7x higher in 2013
than in 2004
• In the US, development of tissue culture for viral
isolation led to emergence of enterovirus as
leading cause of aseptic meningitis
Introduction
• Importance of identification of meningitis
cause:
– Improving clinical care
– Reducing unnecessary use of antibiotics
• Usually considered mild and self limiting
rarely fatal
in long terms causes morbidity and sequalae
Causes of Aseptic Meningitis
Common Uncommon
• Viruses • Viruses
– Enteroviruses – Mumps
– Herpes simplex – Measles
– HIV
– Arboviruses
• Bacteria
• Bacteria – M. tuberculosis
– Borrelia burgdorferi – Leptospira
– Partially treated BM • Others
– Parameningeal – Fungi
bacterial infection
Pathogenesis
• EVs + 70 serotypes (polio, Coxsackie,
echovirus, numbered EV (68‐71))
• Fecal oral contamination replication in
intestine viremia reaches CNS
Clinical Manifestations
• Varies with host’s age and immune status
– Neonates at the risk of severe systemic illness
• Common
– Headache
– Fever
– Photophobia
– Neck stiffness
– Nausea and vomiting
• Less common
– Rash
– Myalgia
Lab Examination
• CSF:
– Pleocytosis, MN predominance
– Raised protein (slight)
– Normal glucose
• RT PCR: CSF or blood
• Tissue culture: CSF or blood (non specific)
• Immunoassays: not developed yet
Management
• Mainly supportive
– Analgetics
– Fever control
– Fluid balance
– Seizure control
• Antiviral
– Pleconaril
– Acyclovir ?
• IV immunoglobulin (?)
Complications
‐ Neurocognitive disorders
Schmidt et al, Brain 2006, 129:333‐345
Prognosis
• Benign and self limiting
• Long term consequences
– neuropsychiatric sequalae
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Neurocognitive dysfunction
– Cost implications
– Recurrences
Conclusion
• Viral meningitis is common, but not
recognizable
– Mild disease presentation (mostly)
– Diagnostic problem
• Increasing incidence
• Longterm impact of disease
– Individual
– Cost implications
THANK YOU
rizalbdg@gmail.com