Australian Mathematics Competition 2001

Years 11 and 12
Solutions

1. D 10  0.2 
10

100
 50
0 .2 2

2. D y is odd and 2 x is even, so y  2 x is odd.

3. E The angles in the triangle are 180   130   50  , 180   70   110  and 180   160   20 
respectively. Hence x  180   20   160 

4. A 11  6  35
24  6
4

5. C The perfect squares less than 100 are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81
From this it easily follows that the largest possible two digit sum is 81  16  97

6. A 315  27 10  9 n
 
315  3 3
10
 
 32
n

3 45  3 2 n
22.5  n

7. D Since triangle SPQ is isosceles, we find that PSQ  SQP  50 

Since SQP and SQR are supplementary angles, we find that SQR  130 
Since triangle SQR is isosceles, we find that QSR  SRQ  25 

8. D  0,1 , 1,3 ,  2,5 ,  3,7  , … So y  7

9. C Let x be the radius of the smaller circle. (I.e smaller square has area x 2 )
From Pythagoras’ Theorem the radius of the larger circle is 2  x . (I.e. larger square has area
2x 2 )

Hence the ratio is 2 : 1

10. D 0.0 29 
0.29

29
, so
10 990
29 7  99  29 722 361
0.7 29  0.7  0.029  0.7    
990 990 990 495

11. C 2000  2 4  5 3 . Consider ONE of the two factors:

Considering combinations we notice that there are 4 ways it can contain no factor 5,
5 ways it can contain exactly one factor 5,
5 ways it can contain exactly two factor 5s and
4 ways it can contain exactly three factor

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Australian Mathematics Competition 2001
Years 11 and 12
Solutions

fives.

Because of symmetry there is a total of  4  5  5  4  2  9 different ways.

Triangle PQR is a right-angled triangle, so PQR  50  .
12. D
130º 25º
PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral, so PSR  180   50   130  .

25º Triangle PSR is an isosceles triangle, so SRP  25  .

50º

13. C  k  1  k  1  1000000   k  1 2  4000000  k  1  2000  k  1999

4

14. C The Law of Cosine: x  2  2

  8 2
 2 2 
8  cos 120   10    4   14

15. D Let y be the other number.

x x2
I.e. xy  x  y  y  x  1  x  y  , so the common term is xy 
x 1 x 1

16. C There are 10 primes less than 30: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 and 29.

10 10! 10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1
Hence there are C3    120 numbers
 3! 7!  3  2  1 7  6  5  4  3  2  1

17. D TQU is an isosceles triangle, so TQ  QU  1

.
2
1
2 Let x be the length of a side of the square.
1 Considering RSU we then find that
2
  1
1
x 1 x2  x  1 2
2

2 x 2  2 x  12  0
1

x

2 1 3 
4

18. C   
The 10th term  S10  S 9  10 3  3  9 3  3  1000  729  271 

19. C The total area is 12. A straight line with slope 1 will cut off a triangle with area 2 from the vertical
rectangle (area = 8) resulting in a two parts of area 6.

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Australian Mathematics Competition 2001
Years 11 and 12
Solutions

20. D I 510a  b   50a  5b   a  5b   49

 a I.e. a  5b is divisible by 7
divisible by 7

II 10a  b    3a  5b   7 a I.e. 3a  5b is divisible by 7

divisible by 7

III ba  a  10b  a  a  10b  2a  1010a  b    a I.e. ba  a is divisible by 7

98
   
divisible by 7 divisible by 7

21. C a  b  c  3d
Let a, b, c and d be the four numbers. This gives four equations:  51
a  b  3c  d  63
a  3b  c  d  69
3a  b  c  d  87

I.e. a  b  c  d  45 , so a  21 , b  12 , c  5 and d  3 .

22. C Let r denote the radius of the circle. We then note that since it is a right-angled triangle:
 r  7 2   r  8 2  15  r 2  15r  56  0 (I.e. r 2  15r  56 )

Hence the area is 1

2
 r  7  r  8  12  r 2  15r  56  12  56  56  56

23. B For the toy car to be able to return it has to turn more than 180  :

180/23 = 7. …, i.e. it takes a minimum of 8 turns.

24. D Let x denote the time in minutes it takes from when the first train left to the two trains pass.
The time taken on the two stretches is then:

Newcastle - Pass Point Pass Point - Sydney

First train (From Newcastle) x 40
Second train (from Sydney) 100 x  30

Therefore x 40

100 x  30
x 2  30 x  4000  0
30  130
x
2
x  80 (Since the negative solution can be ignored)

I.e. they passed each other at 9:05 am

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Australian Mathematics Competition 2001
Years 11 and 12
Solutions

25. A Pr  second is red   Pr  first is red and second is red   Pr  first is white and second is red 
m mk n m
   
mn mnk mn mnk
m m  k  n 

 m  n  m  n  k 

26. A Considering congruent triangles we notice that

4 2h 42 2x
 h  2
2 x 10  x 10  x
2
h x 10 – x
27. D Glue together 2001  3  667 shapes each with 2 acute angles and extend the two outer ones to
form a cone:
acute
…

acute

This gives a total of 667  2  1  1335 acute angles.

28. E To minimise the sum of the square roots we should take 0  x  y  z  10 .

The sum of the square roots relates to the theorem of Pythagoras in the following way:

3
2
1 1

0 x y z 10
To mimimise the length of the four hypotenuses is equivalent to finding the shortest distance from
 0,0 to 10,7  . The solution is therefore 10 2  7 2  149

29. D Notice that triangles Q R P  and Q X Z are congruent.

Hence PR || Y Y
Hence area ZZ R : area ZQ X   9 : 1
Hence area PQR : area P Q R    3  9  3  1 : 1  25 : 1

30. D Consider the three possible cases:

(1) There is NO side consisting of exactly two mats:

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Australian Mathematics Competition 2001
Years 11 and 12
Solutions

(2) There is only ONE side consisting of exactly two mats

(1) There are TWO sides consisting of exactly two mats:

Hence there are a total of 1 2  6  4  5  2  2  24  10  36 ways of covering the room with the
mats.

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