May 5, 2009

GD&T Rules (Rule #1 & Rule #2)

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Let us now discuss two fundamental rules of GD&T.
Rule #1
Rule #1 states that where only a tolerance of size is specified, the limits of size of
an individual feature of size prescribe the extent to which variations in its
geometric form, as well as its size, are allowed. No element of a feature shall extend
beyond the MMC boundary of perfect form. The form tolerance increases as the
actual size of the feature departs from MMC toward LMC. There is no perfect form
boundary requirement at LMC
Let us now discuss rule #1 in detail. The simplest meaning of rule #1 is at MMC the
feature is on perfect form. For example consider a shaft with diameter Ø5.000-
Ø5.040. Then its MMC is Ø5.040. Now assume we have this part produced at
Ø5.040 then according to rule #1 the part should be in perfect form. That is it
should have perfect straightness, circularity and cylindricity.
Rule #2
Rule #2 states that RFS automatically applies, in a feature control frame, to
individual tolerances of size features and to datum features of size. MMC and LMC
must be specified when these conditions are required.
Now examine rule #2, here also lets assume a stepped shaft with Ø5.000 and
Ø3.000-Ø3.004. The bigger diameter is assigned as datum (Say C) and the smaller
diameter Ø3.000 is controlled by a concentric geometric tolerance and this
tolerance is applied without any dimensional size constraints ie regardless of
feature size (RFS)
Now in the next chapter we will discuss about bonus tolerance and its calculations
in detail.
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