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LABOR REVIEW SYLLABUS

Atty. Peter-Joey B. Usita


2018-2019

I. PROCEDURE & JURISDICTION

1. Labor Arbiter
Article 223 (formerly Art. 217): Jurisdiction of the Labor Arbiter
Halaguena v. PAL, G.R. No. 172013, October 2, 2009
Lapanday Agricultural Dev’t. Corp v. CA, G.R. No. 112139, January 31, 2000
7K Corp. vs. Albarico, GR No. 182295, June 26, 2013
People’s Broadcasting vs. Sec. of Labor, GR No. 179652, March 6, 2012

2. National Labor Relations Commission


a. Original Jurisdiction of the NLRC
b. Article 223 (formerly Art. 217); Exclusive Appellate jurisdiction
c. Article 229 (formerly Art. 223); Appeal
Mcburnie vs. Ganzon, GR No. 178034, Oct. 17, 2013
Lepanto Consolidated Mining vs. Icao, GR No. 196047, Jan. 15, 2014
Sadol vs. Pilipinas Kao, GR No. 87530, June 13, 1990
Ong vs. CA, GR No. 152494, Sept. 22, 2004
d. Article 224 (formerly Art. 218); Powers of the Commission
Yupangco Cotton Mills vs. CA, GR No. 126332, Jan. 16, 2002
PAL vs. NLRC, GR No. 120567, March 20, 1998

3. Article 232 (formerly Art. 226) Bureau of Labor Relations


Diokno vs. Cacdac, GR No. 168475, July 4, 2007
Montano vs. Verceles, GR. No. 168583, July 6, 2010

4. National Conciliation and Mediation Board Jurisdiction

5. Regional Directors Jurisdiction


a. Article 128- Visitorial and Enforcement Powers
Maternity Children’s Hospital vs. Sec. of Labor, GR No. 79809, June 30, 1989
b. Adjudicatory Power
Brokenshire Memorial Hospital vs. Minister of Labor, GR. No. 74621, Feb. 7, 1990
D.O No. 83-07, Series of 2007
 Designation of DOLE Regional Directors and Asst. Regional Directors as
Ex-Officio Voluntary Arbitrators

6. Grievance Machinery and Voluntary Arbitration


a. Grievance Machinery Definition
b. Article 267 (formerly Art. 261) Jurisdiction of Voluntary Arbitrators
Carlos L. Octavio vs. PLDT Co., GR No. 175492, Feb. 27, 2013
II. RECRUITMENT & PLACEMENT
1. Article 13 (b): Definition of Recruitment & Placement
2. Article 13 (b): When there is a presumption of Recruitment & Placement
People v. Panis, L-58674-77, July 11, 1986
3. Illegal Recruitment
a. Definition of Illegal Recruitment under Labor Code
b. Definition of Illegal Recruitment under the Migrant Worker’s Act (R.A. No. 8042)
Constitutionality – Lazo v. Salac, G.R. No. 152642, November 13, 2012
c. Article 13: License v. Authority
d. Article 34: Prohibited Acts
e. Additional grounds (prohibited acts) added by Migrant Worker’s act, apart from
Art. 34
f. Illegal recruitment as economic sabotage
g. Differences: Simple Illegal recruitment, illegal recruitment in large scale, illegal
recruitment by a syndicate
h. Illegal Recruitment v. Estafa
i. Liabilities of the local employment agency and the employer
j. Theory of Imputed Knowledge
Sunace International vs. NLRC G.R. No. 161757, January 25, 2006
k. Rule on the pre-termination of contract of a migrant worker
Serrano v. Gallant, G.R. No. 167614, March 24, 2009
Yap v. Thenamaris, G.R. No. 179532, May 30, 2011
4. Regulation and Enforcement
a. Article 135: Suspension or cancellation of license or authority
b. Penalties of Illegal Recruitment under R.A. No. 8042
c. Rule on remittance of foreign exchange earnings
5. Article 18: Direct Hiring, and Rules & Regulations Governing Overseas Employment:
Exceptions

III. LABOR STANDARDS


1. Hours of Work
a. Article 82: Who are covered and excluded from the provision
i. Health Workers
ii. Compressed Work Week
b. Article 83: Normal hours of work & exceptions
c. Article 84: Hours Worked
i. Meal Break
Sime Darby Pilipinas, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 119205, April 15, 1998
PAN-AM v. PAN-AM Employees Association, 1 SCRA 527
ii. Waiting Time
iii. Rule on Brownout
d. Night shift differential (NSD) and those not covered by NSD
e. Overtime Work/Overtime Pay
i. Condition for entitlement to overtime pay
ii. Basis for Computation
iii. Waiver or quitclaim
2. Wages
a. “no work no pay” principle and exception to “no work no pay”
b. Facilities v. Supplements
c. Exempted from the rules on wages
d. Non-diminution rule
e. Wage Distortion
f. Rule on those paid by results
g. Article 113: Wage Deduction
3. Rest Day
a. Article 91: Right to Weekly Rest Day
b. Article 93: Compensation for Rest Day, Sunday, Holiday Work
4. Holiday pay/Premium pay
a. Article 94: Coverage/ Exclusions
b. Article 94: Computation
c. Legal Holidays
d. Holiday Economic Rule
5. Leaves
a. Service Incentive Leave (SIL) and Exemptions
b. Vacation Leave & Sick Leave
PSTMSDWO, represented by its president, Rene Soriano v. PNCC Skyway Corp,
G.R. No. 171231, February 17, 2010
c. Leaves that are required by Law (mandatory)
i. SIL
Autobus Transport System v. Bautista, May 16, 2005
ii. Paternity Leave (R.A. No. 8187)
iii. Maternity Leave (SSS Law)
iv. Solo Parent Leave (R.A. No. 8972)
v. Battered Woman Leave (R.A. No. 9262)

6. Thirteenth Month Pay (P.D. 851)


a. Value of 13th month pay
b. Coverage
7. Separation Pay
Songco v. NLRC, G.R. No. L-50999, March 23, 1990
Millares v. NLRC, G.R. No. 122827, March 29, 1999
8. Retirement Pay
9. Apprentices, Learners and Handicapped Workers
10. Women Workers
a. Non-Discrimination Rule
b. Stipulation Against Workers
11. Minor Workers (R.A. No. 7678, R.A. No. 9231, & R.A. 7323)
12. Househelpers (Domestic Workers Act, R.A. No. 10361)
IV. LABOR RELATIONS LAW
1. Right to Self-Organization
a. Who can join
La Suerte Cigar & Cigarette Factory v. Director of BLR, G.R. No. L-55674, July 25,
1983
b. Exceptions
2. Labor Organizations
a. Classification of Labor Organizations
b. Disaffiliation of a local union from the federation
Tropical Hut Employees’ Union-CGW v. Tropical Hut Food Market, Inc, G.R. No. L-
43495-99, January 20, 1990

3. Bargaining Agent and Certification Election


a. Voluntary Recognition (D.O. 40-03, Rule VII)
b. Certification Election
UST Faculty Union v. Bitonio, Jr., G.R. No. 131235, November 16, 1999
Progressive Development Corporation-Pizza Hut v. Laguesma, G.R. No. 115077
i. Certification Election in an Organized v. Unorganized Establishment
ii. Procedure in Pre-Election Contest (D.O. 40-03)
iii. Grounds for denial of petition for certification election (contract-bar rule,
deadlock bar-rule, charge-of-company unionism rule, outside-of-the-
freedom-period rule, negotiation rule, appeal bar rule).
c. Consent Election
d. Run-Off Election
e. Re-run Election

4. Union Security Arrangements


Bataan Shipyard and Engineering Co., Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 78604, May 9, 1988
5. Unfair Labor Practice
a. Article 253 (formerly Art. 247): Unfair Labor Practice
b. Article 254 (formerly Art. 248): ULP of Employers
Complex Electronics Employees Association v. NLRC, G.R. No. 121315, July 19,
1999
Standard Chartered Bank v. Hon. Confesor, G.R. No. 114974, June 16, 2004
c. Article 255 (formerly Art. 249): ULP of Labor Organization
6. Collective Bargaining & Administration of Agreements
a. Procedures/steps in collective bargaining
b. Article 257: Duty to Bargain Collectively in the absence of Collective Bargaining
Agreements
c. Article 258: Duty to Bargain Collectively Definition
Kiok Loy v. NLRC, 141 SCRA 179
d. Article 259: Duty to Bargain Collectively when there exists a CBA
e. Article 260: Terms of CBA
i. Principle of Hold-over
ii. Substitutionary Doctrine
iii. Deadlock in CBA renegotiation
Divine Word University of Tacloban v. Sec. of Labor, G.R. No. 91995,
September 11, 1992

7. Strikes & Lockouts


a. Definition of strikes & lockouts
b. Economic v. ULP Strike
c. Procedural Requirements
d. Liability in case of Illegal Strike/lockout
Jackbilt Industries Inc v. Jackbilt Employees Workers Union-NAFLU-KMU, G.R.
Nos. 171618-19, March 20, 2009
i. Union Officers
ii. Members
iii. Employer

V. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT
1. Employer-Employee Relationship
a. Four-Fold Test
Sonza v. ABS-CBN, G.R. No. 138051, June 10, 2004
b. Economic Reality Test
Francisco v. NLRC, G.R. No. 170087, August 21, 2006
2. Kinds of Employment
a. Regular Employees
De Leon v. NLRC, G.R. No. 70705, August 21, 1989
b. Casual Employees
Philippine Geothermal, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 82643-47, August 30, 1990
c. Seasonal Employees
Hacienda Fatima v. National Federation of Sugarcane Workers, G.R. No. 149440,
January 28, 2003
d. Fixed-Term
Brent School, Inc. v. Zamora, G.R. No. 48494, February 5, 1990
e. Project Employees
Cartajenas v. Romago Electric Company, Inc., G.R. No. 82973, September 15,
1989
3. Probationary Employment
International Catholic Migration Commission v. NLRCC, G.R. No. 72222, January 30, 1989
4. Difference between Job Contracting & Labor-Only Contracting
Mandaue Galleon Trade v. Andales, G.R. No. 159668, March 7, 2008
5. Dismissal from Employment
a. Security of Tenure
b. Just Causes
Agabon v. NLRC, G.R. No. 158693, November 17, 2004
Gold City Integrated Port Services, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 86000, September 21,
1990
c. Authorized Causes
Santos v. CA, G.R. No. 141947, July 5, 2001
d. Procedural Due Process (Twin-notice & Hearing)
Acesite Corp v. NLRC, G.R. No. 152308, January 26, 2005
6. Abandonment
Labor,et.al v. NLRC, G.R. No. 110388, September 14, 1995
7. Constructive Dismissal
Philippine Japan Active Carbon Corp. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 83239, March 8, 1989
8. Floating Status
Reyes v. RP Guardians Security Agency, G.R. No. 193756, April 10, 2013
9. Consequences of Illegal Dismissal
a. Reinstatement
i. Actual Reinstatement
ii. Payroll Reinstatement
iii. Separation in lieu of Reinstatement
Starlite Plastic Industrial Corp v. NLRC, G.R. No. 78491, March 16, 1989
b. Backwages
10. Voluntary Resignation

VI. SOCIAL LEGISLATION


1. SSS Law
a. Coverage- Philippine Blooming Mills v. SSS
2. GSIS Law
3. Limited Portability Law (R.A. No. 7699)
4. Employee’s Compensation and State Insurance Fund
Belarmino v. ECC, G.R. No. 90204, May 11, 1990
Lopez v. ECC, G.R. No. 90267, December 21, 1993

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