8622 2 PDF

To get Assignments through E-Mail or Whatsapp contact:- masters.academy2000@gmail.
com
We have Solved Guess Papers, 5 Years Papers & Notes for Students.
For more Information Contact 0321-5455195 (whatsapp #):- Masters Academy
Course: Broadcast Media in Distance Education
Code: 8622 Level: B.ed SPRING 2018
Assignment No: 2
Q.1 Discuss the reprographic equipment normally used in the teaching learning process.
Answer:
This article describes about the suitable reprographic equipment for office reprography. It also awares you about
the crucial factors on which the process depends and modern features that have evolved with time. Besides, it
also informs you about the maintenance procedures and certain legal policy that one needs to be kept in mind
before carrying on with the process.
Reprography
The copying or duplicating of documents in offices is done by the reprographic department. Here, comes the
importance of the reprographic equipment that produces several copies of important documents, notices for the
office notice boards and even small magazines and pamphlets. Normally, in offices different types of
reprographic equipment are used to accomplish different tasks. Reprography is the process that refers to the
reproduction of the printed documents, handwritten documents, charts, drawings, designs, graphics, plans
etcetera.
Factors on which reprography depends
There are different equipments of reprography that are used to produce duplicates from the original documents.
One may get several duplicate print copies through the computer printers, offset printing machines, electronic
scanning etcetera within a stipulated time-period. But there are certain factors on which reprography depend like
the number of documents to be printed, time taken to perform the reprography, the quality of output required
and the cost involved in the whole reprographic process. Of course, a prudent entrepreneur has to consider
these factors before he/she opts for a particular method of reprograhy or settles down for a particular type of
reprographic equipment.
Office reprographic equipment
Generally, an entrepreneur has to make certain reprographic decisions which may include distributing several
copies of the original documents to his employees and sending copies of important copies of a document to the
branch or head offices. He/she may employ professionally trained reprographers to serve the purpose of the
office. To give you a better understanding on the subject I would discuss here some of the important
reprographic equipment and their basic functions which are as given below:
1. Offset lithography machine: This machine has the capacity to perform printing in the bulk volumes. During
the process of printing the images get transferred from the metal plates of the machine to the roller and
finally into the print medium. The images thus generated is of high quality. The offset printing process is used
today for performing small and big column printing.
2. Letterpress printing duplicates: In the letterpress printing duplicate there is a hard metal printing surface.
With the help of ink, and this hard printing surface (usually a plastic printing surface) it carries out the work of
printing. This is still very much in demand and is popular for suitable printing jobs irrespective of the fact that
lithography is dominating the printing process arena.
3. Stencil duplicator machine: As the name suggests it simply works by letting the ink pass by stencil onto a
paper. It is also put-upon offices for the printing purposes. Normally, this machine or equipment is used
where low volume of printing is required. It is also known as mimeograph machine. Besides, the automatic
Page 1 of 10 For More AIOU Solved Assignments Contact: MASTERS ACADEMY RWP 0308-5455195
For our Message services send your Name, Class and Roll Number on this number 0345-5455195
To Get Assignment Through E-mail or Whatsapp Message on this Number 0321-5455195
To get Assignments through E-Mail or Whatsapp contact:- masters.academy2000@gmail.com
stencil duplicator is also available that can be operated either manually or electrically. These are sophisticated
to adjust the working speed with the flow of ink accordingly. It also has an intelligent temperature controller.
4. Gelatine duplicator machine: It is a copying or duplicating system that is very low in cost. Especially those
offices and business firms which cannot afford to buy a high cost duplicator due to shortage of fund could
rely or bet on this. It excludes the requirement of electricity and installation of typewriters or any other
expensive equipment. The advantages of this is that it is very simple to use and a lot cheaper than other
duplicating machines. The downside is that it works very slowly but then one also needs to consider the fact
that it is sophisticated to give an output of 50 copies each time it is made to work. Moreover, it is also very
durable and could serve the purpose of a firm for a long time.
5. Electrostatic copier machine: The electrostatic copier works when an image is placed on the grass plate. There
are a series of mirrors inside on the drums that are photo-conductive in nature. When light falls on the image
it gets reflected through the mirrors. Thus through a methodical way it produces photocopy of images.
Features of advanced reprography
With time, technology has taken a big leap and this holds true to reprography also. Certain reprograpic machines
have been replaced with the introduction of the new ones and there is also advancement in the overall
reprograpy features. Some of the most advanced reprography features that deserve a mention here are
duplexing (copying on both sides), switching to color photocopying, copying multiple copies of documents,
great memory storage facility to store items, the facility of enlargement and reduction according to one's needs.
Maintenance of reprograpic equipment
The regular and timely maintenance holds crucial to any machinery for a prolonged life and quality output.
Regular minor maintenance could be done by the reprographer or the person who uses the machine. If major
problems occur one should take the help of the service personnel of the company from where the product is
purchased. Generally, when the digital or electrical reprographic equipment in the office goes out of order they
display some code on the screen. Each code denotes a particular type of error. The service person or a technician
is technically savvy or equipped to understand these problems and rectify these errors. Hence, one should always
contact the service center in cases of major failure in these machines
Reprography and legality
Though reprography helps to produce copies of documents, pictures, drawings etcetera but one should also be
aware of the legal aspect of it. Certain reproductions are not allowed by the law or the government of a country
and one should abide the same. For instance, reproduction of identity cards, driving licenses, passports without
the prior permissions are illegal under the law. Hence, before doing any such thing one should be aware of the
legal aspects that concern these.
{===============}
Q.2 Discuss the importance of programmed learning and give example in support of your anwer.
Answer:
Program instruction method of teaching is an autocratic and individualized strategy. It is based on psychological
principles of operant condition. The response of the learner are strictly controlled by the programmer.
Meaning of Programmed Instruction
Its main focus is to bring desirable change in the cognitive domain of the learner’s behavior. The structure of
teaching method is that the selected content is analyzed and broken into smaller elements. Each element is
independent and complete in itself. The programmer develops frames based on each element. Responses are
also provided to the learner in the program on some different leaflets. The correct response of the learner is the
new knowledge or new behavior. Immediate confirmation of correct response provides reinforcement to the
learner and he proceeds to the next frame. Wrong responses required feedback. Physical presence of the teacher
is not necessary. He may come to give instructions regarding the program. Students are left for learning at their
own pace.
Types of Programmed Instruction
There are three types of this teaching strategy
1. Linear Programming. It is being used for teaching all subjects. In programed teaching strategy
progressive chain elements are presented. Last step is at the mastery level. It is based on five fundamental
principles.
1. Small steps
2. Active responding
3. Immediate confirmation
4. Self-pace
5. Student testing
2. Branched Programming. It is generally used in mechanical fields.
3. Mathematics. Retrogressive chain of elements is presented. First step is the master level while the last
step is the simplest element.
Advantages of Programmed Instruction
Following are the advantages of this teaching strategy
1. The main emphasis is on individual differences and students’ involvement.
2. There is not fixed time interval for learning. Students may learn at their own pace.
3. Learning by doing maxim of teaching is followed to involve learners in the learning process.
4. Students are exposed only to correct responses, therefore, possibility to commit errors in reduced.
5. Immediate confirmation of the results provides reinforcement to the learners and encourages the learners
to proceed further. Feedback is provided to wrong answers, so that learner is able to develop mastery
over the content.
Disadvantages of Programmed Instruction
1. It is very difficult to develop an instructional programme
2. Only cognitive objectives can be achieved
3. Due to tight schedule of time table, students cannot be left to learn at their own pace. It would be very
difficult to learn the content the subject matter in a limited period of time.
4. There is no chance for students’ creativity, their responses are highly structured.
5. Development of programme is not economical in terms of cost and time
6. In absence of the teacher, students may spoil the disciplinary tone of the class, or they will be helpless
when any problem arises.
7. It cannot be applied at primary level of education or at higher education
Suggestion for this Teaching Strategy
1. A programmer should have thorough knowledge of the content and technique of content analysis.
2. This strategy should be used as a supplementary device for remedial teaching in the class room.
3. It should be used in distance education or continuing education programs where no rigid time table is
applied.
4. If no at a primary level or higher level of education, this strategy may be useful at secondary level of
education where many new subjects are introduced in the curriculum and they create problems in
learning.
If applied in classroom teaching, teacher should be present in the class. He can maintain discipline in the class
and help in eradicating the difficulties of the learners. Personal touch of the teacher can be more fruitful and
effective in student’s learning.
{===============}
Q.3 What sort of material is required for the prepration of teaching aids? Do you think that the locally
availble material can equally be usedful in preparation of A.V Aids?
Answer:
Teaching aids are vital tools to enhance learning of basic concepts. They play a significant role in teaching –
learning of visually impaired children. The difficulties encountered by the child in understanding a concept could
be overcome by the correct use of teaching aids. Certain fundamental questions should be asked before the
preparation of teaching aids. What is the purpose of the aid? To whom is it useful and when? Clarifications to
these questions may help the teacher to frame his specific objectives for the task.
• Teaching aids make teaching effective and simultaneously make the learning interesting and profitable.
• Aids quicken the pace of learning, foster its development and help to overcome the hurdles in learning.
• Aids provide first hand concrete experience to the child. One aid is equivalent to thousand words when a
child has difficulties in forming a concept.
• Aids bring variety to the learning of the visually impaired child which is more in demand for his education. In
fact, visually impaired children need varieties.
• Good collection of aids motivates the teacher for better teaching. The ideas involved in the aids evoke the
creativity of the teacher.
Preparation of Aids for Visually Impaired Children
1. A number of aids can be prepared subject-wise. But it should be borne in mind that some of the aids are not
very important and some others are very vital. Judgment regarding the selection of the aid is one of the most
important skills of the teacher. The aids should be more selective.
2. A particular teaching aid should be prepared in such a way that the visually impaired child is able to explore,
discriminate and recognize it without much confusion. First the child must be able to perceive the differences
between the different textures, forms, etc, used in the aid and distinguish one from another. Thirdly, he
should be able to perceive details of appearances so as to identify the names for the parts of the aid or the
aid itself for recognition.
3. The next important rule to be observed is that the aids, which prepared should withstand the manipulation of
the little hands of the children. When the aid is prepared in hurry the very touch of the object may dislocate
the parts. Therefore, it should be strong enough to have longer durability.
4. Validity and preciseness are factors, which make the aid more effective and time saving. The aid should be
tactfully as attractive as possible because visually impaired children are devoid of visual attraction.
5. Innumerable hours of preparation of teaching aids must be avoided. A teacher should not spend much of
time for an aid which has very little value for visually impaired children. Appropriate use of time is very
imperative as the teacher has to attend to other activities too in the educational programme for children with
visual impairment.
6. The teacher should be tactful enough in preparing an aid in such a way that when it is prepared, it should be
useful for teaching more than one concept. This little attention saves time, energy and cost.
7. Principle in the preparation of aid may be “Make it cheap; use it well and change it often”. Newness and
novelty will always attract the children. The teacher should know the art of improvising aids by using low cost
materials readily available at the local markets.
Audio visual material must be seen in their relationship to teaching as a whole and to the learning process as a
whole, until the teacher understands the relationship between audio visual material and teaching learning
process. Audio visual materials are produced, distributed and used as planned components of educational
programs. It helps the process of learning that is motivation, classification and stimulation. A.v. aids are
multisensory materials which motivate and stimulate the individual. It makes dynamic learning experience more
concrete realistic and clarity. It provides significant gains in thinking and reasoning. Audio visual aids are sensitive
tools used in teaching and as avenues for learning. These are planned educational materials that appeal to the
senses of the people and quicken learning facilities for clear understanding.
Definitions:
1. According to Kinder S. James: Audio visual aids are any device which can be used to make the learning
experience more concrete, more realistic and more dynamic.
2. According to Burton: audio visual aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and
reinforce learning.
3. According to Carter.v.Good: audio visual aids are those aids which help in completing the triangular
process of learning that is motivation, classification and stimulation.
4. According to good’s dictionary of education: audio visual aids are any thing by means of which learning
process may be encouraged or carried on through the sense of hearing or sense of sight.
5. According to Edger Dale: audio visual aids are those devices by the use of which communication of ideas
between persons and groups in various teaching and training situations is helped. These are also termed as multi
sensory materials.
6. According to McKean and Roberts: audio visual aids are supplementary devices by which the teacher,
through the utilization of more than one sensory channel is able to clarify, establish and correlate concepts,
interpretations andappreciations.
7. According to KP. Neeraja: an audio visual aid is an instructional device in which the message can be heard
as well as seen.
CLASSIFICATION OF A.V.AIDS:
Various classifications are given for Audio visual aids according to the type of projection by various authors.
I) Classification of A.V.Aids
I) Audio aids
Audio materials are those which can be heard. Ex: - radio, tape recorder, walkman, Headphones.
II) Visual aids: these are helpful to visualize the things. Ex:- graphic aids, 3d-aids, display boards, and print
material.
III) Audio visual aids: these aids can be heard and seen simultaneously. Ex: - projected aids, TV, films.
II) Classification of A.V.Aids
I) Simple A.V.Aids: It includes graphic aids, display boards, 3d-aids, print material...etc.
II) Sophisticated A.V.Aids: includes audio-visual aids.
PRINCIPLES TO BE FOLLOWED FOR THE EFFECTIVE USE OF A.V.AIDS:
· Audio visual materials should function as an integral part of the educational program.
· A.v. aids should be centralized, under specialized direction and leadership in educational programs.
· An advisory committee consisting of representative from all areas of curriculum should be appointed to
assist in selection and coordination of a.v. materials.
· An education program should be flexible.
· A.v. material should be carefully located to eliminate duplication, easy accessibility and convenient use.
· A.v. material should be available whenever and wherever they needed for effective utilization as an integral
part of curriculum.
· Budget appropriations should be made regularly for a.v. education programs.
· Periodic evaluation to be done to assess the function of, utilization and expenditure of the program.
{===============}
Q.4 Critically examine the three aspects of any non-broadcast programme which must be consider
while establishing a budget.
Answer:
Non-Broadcast
Television
Although broadcast television has long been the most "visible" part of the television business, in terms of
personnel, equipment and facilities, non-broadcast production is actually the largest segment of the TV field.
Included in the category is institutional video, which includes corporate, educational, religious, medical, and
governmental applications, and vocational television, which is associated with serious personal/professional
applications
Institutional Video
Video production designed for specific audiences, has proven itself in many areas. These include --
• Management-employee links It can be an effective tool for supervisors or management in reaching
employees with information on policies, progress, or problems. This is particularly important if the
institution has branches in diverse areas.
• Instructional video In today's highly competitive, rapidly changing world, the ability to keep employees up
on the latest techniques and developments is a major concern. Instructional videos are one answer.
• Public relations Many institutions regularly create videos to explain policies or announce products,
research developments, or major institutional changes.
• Marketing While the mass media may be a cost-effective way of reaching a general audience, it's not the
best way of informing a limited number of people about specialized products and services.
Point-of-sale videos, often seen in the home improvement, make-up, clothing, and hardware departments
of retail stores, are one example of this type of marketing.
Institutional television has been particularly effective in seven areas:
1. Where graphic feedback is necessary Seeing something firsthand is generally more effective than someone
talking about it. This is particularly true when it comes to feedback on artistic work or athletic performance.
2. Where close-ups are required to convey information The TV camera can make details and information
obvious. It's possible to get cameras into hazardous and hard-to-reach places to reveal information. This is
especially true in medical television.
3. Where subject matter can best be seen and understood by altering its speed Often, things cannot be
clearly seen or understood without the use of slow motion or time-lapse (speeded up) photography.
4. Where visual effects such as animation can best convey information Animated drawings, flowcharts, and
even animated characters can often make concepts clear.
5. When it's necessary to interrelate a variety of diverse elements Television can pull together and interrelate
events and objects so the total effect can be understood. As we noted in the section on editing, the selection and
sequence of visual elements can provide meaning and understanding.
6. Where it's difficult to transport specific personnel to needed locations Through television, experts are
readily accessible to viewers in diverse locations.
7. When the same basic information must be repeated to numerous audiences over time It's more cost
effective to use personnel to explain information once to TV cameras and then play the videotape to numerous
groups thereafter.
Let's say a company spends $15,000 producing a simple, 60-minute production designed to indoctrinate new
employees to the company, its policies, and the various health and retirement plan options. If 3,000 people view
the video over a period of 3 years, the cost would be $5.00 per person. This can represent a major savings in cost
and manpower, compared to having personnel repeatedly present the information to individuals or small groups
over this time period.
Presentation Formats
There are four basic presentation formats.
• The lecture format In its worst form the lecturer stands at a podium and uses an overhead projector or
chalkboard. Without the array of attention-holding audio and video embellishments normally associated
with television the success of this format rests entirely upon the skill of on-camera talent to hold audience
attention. The only advantages of lecture format are that it's easy, fast, and inexpensive.
• The interview format Here a moderator interviews one or more experts on specific topics. Although it's the
mainstay of documentary programming, savvy producers strive to reduce the talking head component by
adding as much supplementary B-roll footage as possible. Keep in mind that while executives may be
effective in their jobs, they can come across as stilted and even inarticulate on camera.
• The documentary approach Here, ENG techniques are used to cover a topic from the perspective of the
corporation.
• The dramatic format Although drama can be an engaging way of presenting information, it's the most
demanding and it presents the greatest risk of failure. Probably the easiest form to pull off is a humorous skit
where weak acting or production will be easier to overlook. Even so, for dramatic pieces it's worth the effort
to try to find professional actors. Some will work for little or no pay just for the chance to gain professional
credits and experience.
Holding Audience Attention
One of the findings that consistently emerges from studies on effective television programming is the need for
variation in sound, visual information, and presentation style. In commercial television the commercials,
themselves, provide change and give viewers regular "intermissions" from program content.
Since non-broadcast productions don't have commercials to break things up, change and variation must be
introduced in other ways. Most viewers can't absorb more than about eight minutes of straight information at a
time. Unless there's a change in pace, content, or presentation style, attention tends to drift.
A vocational Video
With professional-quality camcorders and editing equipment now within the reach of most people, we are seeing
a host of vocational and a vocational applications.
Here are a few examples: (We'll use the term, "videotape" throughout these, even though other recording and
playback media will probably be used.)
• An insurance agent videotapes the contents of insured homes for evidence in case of loss.
• A psychiatrist uses a camcorder to treat anorexia. To help dispel the physical illusions they hold about
themselves, he tries to get the patients to see themselves as others see them.
• An animal rights group videotapes graphic evidence of the inhumane treatment of animals. The tape ends up
in a network documentary.
• A camp counselor videotapes the daily experiences of a group of scouts and sells the videotapes to parents.
• After doing a creative job of videotaping his sister's wedding, a man starts his own business producing
videotapes of weddings.
• A law student earns tuition money by taking video depositions for law firms.
• A young woman videotapes graduation ceremonies and sells copies to parents.
• A college student videotapes segments from athletic events at area schools and sells them to local TV
stations.
• A husband and wife team travels the world with a camcorder and then sells their recordings to video libraries
to be used as stock footage.
Here are examples on a more personal level.
• A homeowner videotapes the contents and personal belongings in his home to have as a record, in case of
fire, theft, or natural disaster.
• A dying man records a complete will on videotape, talking personally to each person named.
• A family member records the embarrassing and dangerous antics of another family member who is regularly
under the influence of alcohol. Mortified at seeing it, the person seeks treatment.
• By videotaping herself as if talking to a trusted friend, a young woman is able to more fully articulate fears
and yearnings. When the recording is played back after a period of time, she is able to more objectively view
her feelings and fears.
• An organization puts together a videotape explaining the advantages of building a cultural arts center and
presents it to the city council.
• An animal lover videotapes inhumane conditions at a local animal shelter and shows the tape on a local cable
channel. The public is outraged, and action is taken to correct the situation.
{===============}
Q.5 Critically examine the role of teacher in using the equipment resource centre for teaching learning
process?
Answer:
A learning resource centre is a facility within a school, staffed by a specialist, containing several information
sources. Purpose Information and communication development opportunities and information flow are the big
challenges arising from a dedicated review of most educational questions, whether from theoretical frames or
material :wikt:facilitate|facilitations. School libraries are then considered one of the most important resources
within educational facilities. The need to develop school libraries is urgent in that, on the one hand there is a
need to convey information via a wide diversity of technologies and resources, and on the other hand, there is a
myriad of new teacher and student roles to support. Within this view, came the project of learning centers. The
objective is to raise school libraries to an international and more technical standard. Learning Resource Centres
can also be institutionalized in various institutions for teaching and learning purposes. The purpose of a resource
center is to advanced the learning experience of students and teachers in any educational sector.
Concept A school utility driven by a qualified expert. It contains several information resources and their
techniques, which the teacher directly deals to acquire searching skills of information, analyze and evaluate to
build a new knowledge and experience, then develop them using several learning methods. It also provides
services to, facilitate the useful for both teaching and learning.
This view encourages educational trends, ruled in mid of 1960s and 1970s, whereas these are the methods of
self-learning, from programmed learning and learning for mastery and learning throughout audio media to
passing earliest beginnings to employ computer in learning process. And, information technology and teaching
and learning theories have added a new dimension into learning resources centers concept.
Reasons for establishing resources centers
• The strong connection between learning resources and method, and passing away supporting and cultural
general role of school libraries into essential, accurately planned, role to achieve the method and its
purposes.
• The book and printed material become not the only information resource.
• Development of educational theories, international tends to self learning, taking in account differences of
individuals, make the learner the axis of educational process, and the teacher role change into a leader and
facilitator of learning process.
• Learning resources centers concentrate on amalgamation of resources, information and communication
technologies with educational practices inside centers.
Assignments
• Definition the goals of learning resources centers programs, with and implemented, evaluated plan to
achieve these goals.
• Center activities planning and to amalgamate them with school educational program.
• Establishing a balanced group that contains printed and non-¬printed educational and learning materials
supporting curriculum.
• School man-power development through continuous training during the period of teachers service and
ensuring technical resources, and notify them about new materials, and sharing with them in decision making
processes related to resources purchasing.
• Presenting consultation services in the educational techniques field and teaching methods.
• Ensuring educational techniques production requirements and acquainting about methods of their
production and amalgamating them into educational curricula.
• Make the periodical maintenance for materials and educational instruments available in the center.
• Encourage students on self-learning.
• Assert the concept learning resource (E.N OSARONWI IAUE PH )
The aim Learning resources center's general aim is to ensure learning educational suitable environment that
allows learner benefit from any kind of learning resources.
Learning resources centers, material ingredients
A) Self-learning auditorium: Self-learning auditorium should facilitate access to all kind of information resources:
printed, depending on learning instrument and computerized resources. Then this auditorium should be
available, attractive and suitable for student of all grades. Self-learning auditorium includes the following: –
Reception and visitors serving area, cataloguing, borrowing and – management. – Reading and perusal area. –
Self-learning area (using several resources) – Electronic learning area – Area when can be maintained learning
resources (printed and not printed) – Catalogues area (using computer)
B) Group-learning auditorium: The most important characterizing this auditorium is: it has a various equipments
and uses, whereas available projectors depend on computer, radio or live presentation through digital camera.
There is available, also, flexible furniture which can be reshaped to suit all kind of group and cooperative
learning. And it also prepared for simple designing and production of educational materials and several media.
Collections
Educational resources are considered as most important element of the center, and without it the center cannot
achieve its main role. Building and developing collections to be made according to specific policy, made and
adapted in order to satisfy center's goals. This policy should ensure the building and development of integrated
collection that can help and enrich educational curricula.
Learning resources center specialist's role
As a teacher, the library media specialists works with students and other members of the learning community to
analyze learning and information needs, to locate and use resources that will meet those needs, and to
understand and communicate the information the resource provides. The library media specialist is
knowledgeable about current research on teaching and learning and skilled in applying its findings to a variety of
situations – particularly those that call upon students to access, evaluate, and use information from multiple
sources in order to learn, to think, and to create and to apply knowledge. In short, the library media specialist
teaches students to use information for critical thinking and problem solving using the information literacy
standards for student learning set.
A learning resources center's success depends firstly on the range of its engagement in modern learning
methods implementation, which gives more concentration to learner role in learning process, and evaluates work
mechanism, in learning resources centers on the bases that learning resources center is not a place supported
with learning resources accordingly, but educational action and substantial element of different elements of
classroom lesson. The Work mechanism in learning resources centers requires following two methods and
merging between them.
1. Benefiting from learning resources centers requires each teacher to implement one lesson weekly (or
according to school classes number) in the learning resources center and to depend, in this lesson, mainly on
group learning method (cooperative learning) .
2. In the second method, benefiting from learning resources centers does not require teacher to implement
class lesson in learning resources center, but he has to follow up the same previous procedures, then allow
the students to implement their projects referring to learning resources center outside the lesson time, and
students to be given, in this case, more time to implement the project, then require do a presentation and
discussion in the class.
{===============}

8622 2 PDF

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

8622 2 PDF

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

To get Assignments through E-Mail or Whatsapp contact:- masters.academy2000@gmail.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen