CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS PROGRAMS OF TEACHER EDUCATION IN

INDIA.

The well-established tradition of teaching and learning in India has retained its inherent strength
even under adverse circumstances. The post-independence period was characterized by major
efforts being made to nurture and transform teacher education. The system of teacher preparation
has come under considerable pressure as a result of the expansion and growth of school
education, through efforts to universalize elementary education. Having inherited a foreign
model of teacher preparation at the time of independence from Britain in 1946, major efforts
have been made to adapt and up-date the teacher education curriculum to local needs, to make it
more context based, responsive and dynamic with regard to best meeting the particular needs of
India. The current system of teacher education is supported by a network of national, provincial
and district level resource institutions working together to enhance the quality and effectiveness
of teacher preparation programs at the pre-service level and also through in-service programs for
serving teachers throughout the country.

Indian Nursing Council believes that:

The M.Sc. nursing Post Graduate programme is essential to prepare nurses to improve the
quality of nursing education and practice in India. Post graduate programme in nursing builds
upon and extends competence acquired at the graduate levels, emphasizes application of relevant
theories into nursing practice, education, administration and development of research skills. The
programme prepares nurses for leadership position in nursing and health fields who can function
as nurse specialists, consultants, educators, administrators and researchers in a wide variety of
professional settings in meeting the National priorities and the changing needs of the society.
This programme provides the basis for the post master programme in nursing. Further the
programme encourages accountability and commitment to life long learning which fosters
improvement of quality care.

 First two years course in masters of nursing was started at RAK College of Nursing in
1959.and in 1969 in CMC Vellore.
 At present there are 401 colleges imparting MSc Nursing degree course in different
specialties.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS :

I. INTRODUCTION

INC AIIMS RGUHS

The Indian nursing council is an An Act of Parliament in 1956 Rajiv Gandhi University of
autonomous body under the established the All India Institute of Health Sciences, Karnataka a
government of India. Ministry of Medical Sciences (AIIMS, New premier Health Science
health & family welfare was Delhi), as an autonomous institution University in India was
constituted by the central
government under the section 3
(1) of the Indian nursing council
act, 1947 of parliament in order to
establish a uniform standard of
training for nurses, midwives and
health visitors. The Program
prepares for leadership positions
in nursing and health fields who
can function as specialist Nurse
practitioners, consultants,
Educators, Administrators and
investigators in a wide variety of
professional setting in meeting
the national priorities and the
changing needs of the society.
REMARKS : AIIMS & INC both are autonomous bodies established by govt. of India while
RGUHS is a premier Health Science University in India was established the Govt. of Karnataka
through its enactment of Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka Act 1994.
II. PHILOSPHY
INC
Indian Nursing Council believes
that:
Post Graduate programme is
essential to prepare nurses to
improve the quality of nursing
education and practice in India. .
Post graduate programme in
nursing builds upon and extends
competence acquired at the
graduate levels, emphasizes
application of relevant theories
into nursing practice, education,
administration and development
of research skills.
The programme prepares nurses
for leadership position in nursing
and health fields who can
function as nurse specialists,
consultants, educators,
administrators and researchers in
of national importance and defined its established on 1st June 1996 at
objectives and functions.
AIIMS
The Health Survey and Development
Committee, popularly known as the
Bhore Committee, in its report
published in 1946, recommended
very strongly the establishment of a
national medical centre at Delhi
which will concentrate on training of
highly qualified teachers and research
workers in order that a steady stream
of these could be maintained to meet
the needs of the rapidly expanding
health activities throughout the
country. After the attainment of
independence the Union Ministry of
Health proceeded to implement this
challenging idea and a munificent
grant of one million pounds by the
Government of New Zealand through
the Colombo Plan helped to translate
the idea into reality. An act of
Parliament in 1956 established the
All India Institute of Medical
Sciences as an autonomous institution
Bangalore by the Govt. of
Karnataka through its enactment
of Rajiv Gandhi University of
Health Sciences, Karnataka Act
1994 to encompass all the
existing health science colleges
and institutions which were
earlier affiliated to the
conventional universities in
Karnataka with a purpose of
ensuring proper and systematic
instruction, teaching, training
and research in modern and
Indians systems of medicine.
RGUHS
Rajiv Gandhi University of
Health Sciences believes that:
Post Graduate programme is
essential to prepare nurses to
improve the quality of nursing
education and practice in India.
Post graduate programme in
nursing builds upon and extends
competence acquired at the
graduate levels, emphasizes
application of relevant theories
into nursing practice, education,
administration and development
of research skills.
The programme prepares nurses
for leadership position in nursing
and health fields who can
function as nurse specialists,
consultants, educators,
administrators and researchers in
a wide variety of professional
a wide variety of professional of National importance and defined settings in meeting the National
settings in meeting the National its objectives and functions. The priorities and the changing needs
priorities and the changing needsprime concern of the Institute is to of the society. This programme
of the society. develop patterns of teaching in provides the basis for the post
undergraduate and postgraduate masteral programme in nursing.
This programme provides the medical education in all the branches Further the programme
basis for the post masteral so as to demonstrate a high standard encourages accountability and
programme in nursing. Further of medical education to all medical commitment to life long learning
the programme encourages colleges and other allied institutions which fosters improvement of
accountability and commitment to in India. This educational experience quality care.
life long learning which fosters is to be imparted in an atmosphere of
improvement of quality care research.

REMARKS : AIIMS college of nursing and RGUHS believes and fulfills the philosophy as that
of INC and have developed their own philosophy also.

III. AIMS & OBJECTIVES :

INC AIIMS RGUHS

Aim
The aim of the postgraduate
program in nursing is to
prepare graduates to assume
responsibilities as nurse
specialists, consultants,
educators, administrators in a
wide variety of professional
settings
OBJECTIVES:
On Completion of the two
years M. Sc Nursing
programme, the graduate will
be able to:
1. Utilize/apply the concepts,
theories and principles of
nursing science
2. Demonstrate advance
competence in practice of
nursing
3. Practice as a nurse
specialist. 4. Demonstrate
leadership qualities and
function effectively as nurse
educator and manager. 5.
Demonstrate skill in
At the end of the training Aim:
program the students will be The aim of the postgraduate
able to: program in nursing of RGUHS
1. Utilize /apply the concepts, is same as that of INC.
theories and principles drawn OBJECTIVES:
from nursing and allied The objectives of RGUHS is
sciences in her/ his area of same as that of INC .
nursing specialty.
2. Demonstrate advance
competence in practice of
nursing in her/his area of
nursing specialty.
3. Function effectively as
educator and manager of
nursing and allied health
disciplines.
4. Demonstrate leadership
abilities to initiate and bring
about change in her/his area of
practice in the health delivery
system.
5. Demonstrate competence in
conducting nursing research
and interpret and utilize the
findings of health related
research
6. Demonstrate interest in
conducting nursing research, continued learning for
interpreting and utilizing the personal and professional
findings from health related advancement.
research.
6. Demonstrate the ability to
plan and effect change in
nursing practice and in the
health care delivery system.
7. Establish collaborative
relationship with members of
other disciplines
8. Demonstrate interest in
continued learning for
personal and professional
advancement.

REMARK: The aims and objectives of AIIMS college differ slightly in which AIIMS
emphasize more on application of knowledge in clinical specialty , where as AIIMS college
considers behavioral and social concepts utilization in nursing practice important , as well as
emphasizes application of knowledge equally in all areas. The aims and objectives of RGUHS
are same as that of INC.

IV. STAFFING PATTERN :

INC AIIMS RGUHS

M.Sc. (N) : If parent hospital Not mentioned M.Sc. (N) : If parent hospital
is super-specialty hospital like is super-specialty hospital like
cardio-thoracic hospital/cancer cardio-thoracic hospital/cancer
with annual intake 10 M.Sc. with annual intake 10 M.Sc.
(N) in cardio thoracic/cancer (N) in cardio thoracic/cancer
 Professor cum  Professor cum
coordinator 1 coordinator 1
 Reader / Associate  Reader / Associate
Professor 1 Professor 1
 Lecturer 2  Lecturer 2
 The above faculty shall  The above faculty shall
perform dual role perform dual role
B.Sc. (N) and M.Sc. (N) : B.Sc. (N) and M.Sc. (N) :
Annual intake of 60 students Annual intake of 60 students
in B.Sc.(N) and 25 students in B.Sc.(N) and 25 students
for M.Sc.(N) programme for M.Sc.(N) programme
 Professor-cum-  Professor-cum-
Principal Principal
1 1
 Professor-cum-Vice  Professor-cum-Vice
Principal 1 Principal 1
  Reader /Associate
Professor 5 Professor
 Lecturer 8  Lecturer
 Tutor / Clinical
Instructor 19
Total 34
One in each specialty and the
entire M.Sc. (N) qualified
teaching faculty will
participate in all collegiate
programmes.
Teacher Student Ratio = 1:
10 for M.Sc. (N)
Programme.
REMARKS : The staffing pattern of INC and RGUHS is same but in AIIMS syllabus it is not
mentioned.
V. ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS :
INC
Eligibility Criteria/Admission
Requirements:
1. The candidate should be a
Registered Nurse and
Registered midwife or
equivalent with any State
Nursing Registration Council.
2. The minimum education
requirements shall be the
passing of B.Sc. Nursing /
B.Sc. Hons. Nursing / Post
Basic B.Sc. Nursing with
minimum of 55% aggregate
marks.
3. The candidate should have
undergone in B.Sc. Nursing /
B.Sc. Hons. Nursing / Post
Basic B.Sc. Nursing in an
institution which is recognized
by Indian Nursing Council.
4. Minimum one year of work
experience after Basic B.Sc.
Nursing.
5. Minimum one year of work
experience prior or after Post
Teacher Student Ratio = 1:
10 for M.Sc. (N)
Programme.
AIIMS
B.Sc. (HONS) Nursing , B.Sc.
Nursing (Post Certificate)/
Post basic from any
recognized university, from an
educational institution
recognized by the INC with
60% marks (55% in case of
SC/ST Candidates)
Registration as Nurse, RN,
RM Midwife with any state
Nursing council.
AIIMS college of nursing does
not meet the criteria of INC.
the experience after
graduation is reduced to only
one year.
It does not required any
experience to get admission in
MS.C(Nursing). after
graduation.
 Reader /Associate
5
8
 Tutor / Clinical
Instructor 19
Total 34
One in each specialty and the
entire M.Sc. (N) qualified
teaching faculty will
participate in all collegiate
programmes.
RGHUS
Eligibility Criteria/Admission
Requirements:
1. The candidate should be a
Registered Nurse and
Registered midwife or
equivalent with any State
Nursing Registration Council.
2. The minimum education
requirements shall be the
passing of B.Sc. Nursing /
B.Sc. Hons. Nursing / Post
Basic B.Sc. Nursing with
minimum of 55% aggregate
marks.
3. The candidate should have
undergone in B.Sc. Nursing /
B.Sc. Hons. Nursing / Post
Basic B.Sc. Nursing in an
institution which is recognized
by Indian Nursing Council.
4. Minimum one year of work
experience after Basic B.Sc.
Nursing.
5. Minimum one year of work
experience prior or after Post
Basic B.Sc. Nursing. Basic B.Sc. Nursing.
6. Candidate shall be 6. Candidate shall be
medically fit. medically fit.
7. 5% relaxation of marks for 7. 5% relaxation of marks for
SC/ST candidates may be SC/ST candidates may be
given. given.

REMARKS : The eligibility criteria for admission is slightly different in INC , AIIMS and
RGUHS . For INC , the candidate must have 1 year experience to get admission in M.Sc. nursing
But in AIIMS , there is no need for any experience. For admission in specialization in obstetric
nursing, community health nursing should be a registered midwife where as for other specialties
the candidates shall be registered nurse. All these requirements are not required in AIIMS and
RGUHS. Registration as Nurse, RN, RM Midwife with any state Nursing council is required.

VI. SCHEDULE OF SELECTION TEST:

INC AIIMS RGUHS

Selection of the candidates Held in the month of June. Selection of the candidates
should be based on the merit The test will be of multiple should be based on the merit
of the entrance examination choice items based on B.Sc. of the entrance examination
held by University or Nursing syllabus prescribed held by University or
competent authority. by INC. Negative marking. competent authority.
The result of the test will be
declared after one week of the
test. Result of the test will be
displayed on the notice board
of the examination section,
And also available on the
website of the AIIMS.
Students will be called for 1st
and 2nd counseling as per
informed schedule.
REMARKS : AIIMS college follows its own criteria ie, according to academic section-AIIMS.
but in INC and RGUHS the selection of students is done by universities and competent
authorities and eligibility criteria is different from state to state and universities too .

VII. BASIS FOR SELECTION :

INC AIIMS RGUHS

The candidate should be
selected on merit judged on
the basis of academic records
in the undergraduate course/
selection test or both as per the
university regulations.
The candidates will be Not mentioned
selected on the basis of the
performance in the selection
test. One seat is reserved for
ST candidate in Oncology,
Nephrology and Pediatric
 Nursing.
FOREIGN CANDIDATE:
One seat is available for
foreign candidate over the
number of seats specified for
the course provided they fulfill
the minimum eligible criteria.
No seat is reserved for college
faculty in M.Sc. Nursing.
REMARKS : AIIMS has unbiased system of entrance examination but in INC they are judged
on the basis of their academic record in UG courses, selection test and as per the university
regulations.

VIII. DURATION OF COURSE:

INC AIIMS RGUHS

Two academic years . Two academic years. No Two academic years .
semester system but annual
system is observed.

REMARKS : The duration of course is same in INC, AIIMS and RGUHS i.e. 2 years .

IX. ATTENDANCE REQUIRED :

INC AIIMS RGUHS

Eligibility for appearing for Theory-70% Eligibility for appearing for
the examination: 75% of the Practical-100% the examination: 80% of the
attendance for theory and attendance for theory and
practical . However 100% of practical . However 100% of
attendance for practical before attendance for practical before
the award of degree the award of degree.
REMARKS : The attendance requirement in INC , AIIMS and RGUHS are 75%, 70% and 80%
in theory but required 100% attendance in practical.

X. SPECIALITY FOR POST GRADUATE COURSE

INC AIIMS RGUHS

 Medical surgical
nursing.
 Pediatric Nursing
 Community Health
Nursing
 Obstetric and
gynecology Nursing
 Cardiovascular/CTVS  Medical surgical
(CARDIOTHORACIC nursing. 5
AND VASCULAR  Pediatric Nursing 5
SURGERY)nursing  Community Health
 Critical care nursing Nursing 5
 Neurosciences nursing  Obstetric and
 Oncological nursing gynecology Nursing
 Nephrological nursing 5
  Psychiatric Nursing  Pediatric Nursing
 Psychiatric Nursing  Psychiatric Nursing 5
REMARKS : AIIMS nursing college does not offer Community Health nursing, Midwifery
and obstetric nursing and maternal and child health Nursing. Medical nursing is split up into
five super specialities. The number of seats in RGUHS are 5 in each specialty .

XI. STAFFING PATTERNS- TEACHING STAFF:

INC AIIMS RGUHS

ASS. Prof./ Lecturer Reader Principal- 1 Professor-cum Principal 1
Comm. H. Nsg. 1 1 Cardiothoracic Professor-cum-Vice Principal
Obstetrical Nsg.1 1 Nursinglecturer-1 1
Psychiatric Nsg. 1 1 Critical Care nursing-lecture-1 Reader / Associate Professor
Pediatric Nsg. 1 1 Neurosciences 7
Med. Surg Nsg. 1 1 Nursinglecturer-1 Lecturer 7
Nursing Research1 1 Oncology Nursing-lecturer-1
Nursing Education 1 1 Nephrology-lecturer-1
Pediatric Nursing (Principal)
Psychiatry Nursing-lecturer-1
REMARKS : No post of vice Principal, associated professor/ Reader in AIIMS. There are six
lecturers and thirteen tutors totally and running short of faculty as they have three nursing
programs running simultaneously. INC new recommendations are 14 associate professors and
lecturers and 19 tutors.

XII. COURSE DISCRIPTION

INC AIIMS RGUHS

FIRST YEAR: FIRST YEAR: FIRST YEAR:
Nursing Education Advance nursing and allied Nursing Education
Advance nursing practice subjects Nursing education Advance nursing practice
Nursing Research and Research and Statistics Nursing Research and
statistics Clinical specialty Clinical Nursing-1 statistics Clinical specialty
SECOND YEAR: SECOND YEAR: Library
Nursing Management Nursing Management SECOND YEAR:
Nursing Clinical Nursing-2 Nursing Management
Research(Dissertation) Theses Nursing
Clinical specialty Research(Dissertation)
Theory and practical are as per Clinical specialty
university rules.
Arrangement of subjects in
different semesters also should
be according to university and
college. The individual
university and its board have
the freedom to recognize the
content in different subjects to
 be covered in the programme.

REMARKS : In AIIMS nursing college, the following subjects are not included as Nursing
Foundations, Psychological Foundations, Educational Foundations, Measurement and
Evaluation, Human relations in Nursing and summer field experience report.

XIII. SUBJECT HOURS :

INC AIIMS RGUHS

FIRST YEAR Theory Practical FIRST YEAR Theory Practical FIRST YEAR Theory Practical
Advance nursing - 150 200 Advance nursing - 150 250 Advance nursing - 150 200
Nursing Education - 150 200 And allied subjects Nursing Education - 150 200
Research and stat - 150 100 Nursing Education - 150 150 Research and stat - 150 100
Clinical nursing - 150 650 Research and statistics- 150 100 Clinical nursing - 150 650
TOTAL- 600 1100 Clinical nursing 150 600 Library 50
SECOND YEAR TOTAL- 600 1100 TOTAL- 600 1150
Nursing mngt 150 150 SECOND YEAR SECOND YEAR
Clinical nursing ll 150 950 Nursing management 150 200 Nursing mngt 150 150
Thesis 300 Clinical nursing ll 150 800 Clinical nursing ll 150 950
TOTAL- 300 1400 Thesis 300 Thesis 300
TOTAL- 300 1300 TOTAL- 300 1400
REMARKS : In INC , The individual university and its board of studies have the freedom of
organizing the content in different subject areas listed in the course description, provided the
content is covered at some phase of the program. In AIIMS Masters of Nursing course, theory
hours are as per INC Norms. Practical hours are more than INC.3

XIV. METHOD OF ASSESSMENT :

INC AIIMS RGUHS

Test Assignment- Test
Assignment Class room theory Assignment
Presentation Depth Study Presentation
Practice teaching Written Class Practice teaching
Field visits Test Presentation in the class Field visits
Conduct workshop and field Conduct workshop
Preparation/use of learning Project work in the class and Preparation/use of learning
resource material clinical area. 25% in theory resource material
Construction of tests/rotation and 50% in practical is given Construction of tests/rotation
plan. as internal mark plan.
Not mentioned about theory Not mentioned about theory
and practical distribution of and practical distribution of
marks marks
REMARKS : There is slight difference in the theory and practical exam internal and external
assessment distribution .
 XV. OFFICE STAFF:

INC AIIMS RGUHS

One staff and one steno for
master of nursing.
Same office staff for graduate
and under graduate program.
Ministerial
a) Administrative Officer 1
b) Office Superintendent 1
c) PA to Principal 1
d) Accountant/Cashier 1
• Upper Division Clerk 2
• Lower Division Clerk 2

XVI. PHYSICAL FACILITIES:

INC AIIMS RGUHS

Teaching block for the post College of Nursing of AIMS Not mentioned
graduate students has separate teaching block,
Separate room for faculty and Has separate room for senior
P. G. students. faculty only.
Separate office for the office Two lectures share one room.
staff. Separate office for office staff
is available.
REMARKS : AIMS nursing college needs to be more spacious. No separate class for Master’s
course. Uses the same class rooms of the undergraduate programs but at different timings.

XVII. LABORATORIES

INC AIIMS RGUHS

As required for the AIIMS college of Nursing As required for the
undergraduate students. shares laboratories of the undergraduate students and
medical institute of AIIMS. other medical departments in
the university .
REMARKS : The institutions meet the INC criteria .

XVIII. LIBRARY

INC AIIMS RGUHS

Up to date books in the No separate library in college No separate library in college
different clinical specialties, of nursing. It shares library of of nursing. It shares library of
books on nursing education, Medical students with a Medical students with a
Nursing administration, separate Nursing section. separate Nursing section.
research, statistics, and other
subject areas.
JOURNALS IN THE
AREAS OF:
Nursing Administration
Nursing research
 Nursing education
Clinical specialties in nursing.
REMARKS: The institutions meet the INC criteria .

XIX. AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

INC AIIMS RGUHS

Epidiascope (It Is A Optical Audio visual equipment available Epidiascope (It Is A Optical
Projector Showing The Opaque are: OHP Projector Showing The Opaque
And Transparent Objects) LCD projectors fitted in the class And Transparent Objects)
Slide projectors room with speakers. Slide projectors
OHP Film projector Computers and lap tops. OHP Film projector
Tape recorder Photostat machine. Tape recorder
Photocopy machine Photocopy machine
Computers Computers
REMARKS: The institutions meet the INC criteria .

XX. RESIDENTIAL ACCOMODATION

INC AIIMS RGUHS

The post graduate students should
be preferably provided with single
accommodation facility in the
campus.
Single room accommodation facility
is available out side the campus.
Transportation facility with fixed
timings is available. Staying in the
hostel is optional.
Staying in hostel is optional .
Transportation facility with
fixed timings is available.
The post graduate students are
provided with single
accommodation facility in the
campus.

REMARKS: The institutions meet the INC criteria .

XXI. COLLEGE ADMINISTRATION

INC AIIMS RGUHS

Not mentioned Academic control : Academic control :
Academic section-AIIMS Academic section-RGUHS
ADMINISTRATION AND
FINANCIAL CONTROL:
Ministry of Health and family
welfare, Central Government.
XXII. FINANCE AND BUDGETING

INC AIIMS RGUHS

The college of nursing should have
a separate budget.
Principal has the power as the
head of the institution. Budget is
form Ministry of health and
family welfare, Central
government.
Principal has the power as the head
of the institution. Budget is from
RGUHS
University budget section
 XXIII. LEAVE
INC
Not mentioned
REMARKS : There is slight difference in the leave , AIIMS have 1 month of leave in both
years . But in INC this is not mentioned.
XXIV. SUBMISSION OF PLAN OF PROTOCOL OF THESIS
INC
Submission of the research
proposal –
End of 9th month of 1st year
Submission of dissertation – Final
End of 9th month of IInd Year
A. Research Guides
a) Qualification of Guide
Main guide : Nursing faculty /
nursing expert in the same clinical
specialty holding
Ph.D./M.Phil./M.Sc. Nursing with a
minimum of 3 years experience in
teaching in the Post Graduate
Programme in Nursing.
Co-Guide : A Co-Guide is a nursing
faculty/expert in the field of study
(may be from outside the college but
should be within the city.)
b) Guide – Students Ratio
Maximum of 1:4 (including as co-
guide)
AIIMS RGUHS
Candidates admitted to M. Sc. Not mentioned
Nursing course will be entitled to
30 days leave in the first year and
30 days of leave in the second
year of the course. If the leave is
extended in a year, then the
registration period is also
extended and the examination is
postponed for a period of six
months.
AIIMS RGUHS
Students registered for M. Sc. Not mentioned
Nursing course shall have to
submit the plan of thesis to the
Dean’s office within SIX months
from the date of the
commencement of the course
The last date for submission of
thesis of M. Sc. nursing students
is 31st January. Any student who
does not submit his/her thesis on
the aforementioned date may be
given extension up to 15 days
i.e. up to 15th February with the
permission of the Dean. In case,
he/she fails to submit the thesis
within the extended period, i.e.
by 15th February, then he/she
will not be eligible to appear in
the final examination
c) Research Committee :

There should be a research

committee in each college
comprising of minimum 5 members
chaired by the Principal, College of
Nursing.

CONCLUSION : The AIIMS and RGUHS follows rules and regulations of INC . But there is
slight difference in clinical hours , dissertation protocol , number of seats in the institute and
admission criteria . They follow philosophy of INC but also have formulated their own
philosophies.