Gram negative diplococci, and dysuria (painful urination) kidney shaped with adjacent Also came conjunctivitis sides flattened. (ophthalmia neonatorum – Most are encapsulated, non- infants), pharyngitis, proctitis or spore former. urethritis, prostitis, rectal Non – motile involvement, cervico-vaginitis, Oxidase and Catalase positive PID and orchitis. Anaerobe to facultative aerobes Crede’s prophylaxis – 1% silver Requires 2-10% CO2 for growth nitrate in neonates eyes to CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS prevent blindness (ophthalmia neonatorum) Fastidious organisms requiring complex nutritional growth. Translucent, grayish, convex, DGI – Disseminated Gonococcal shiny colonies with entire margins Infectionb that are non-hemolytic and non- Most often present as arthritis – pigmented. aching and swelling in the joints N. Gonorrhea also known as but they can also cause skin gonococcus/gonococci lesions and infections of the Also called the “clap” which is heart, bones, and the sheaths derived from the French word that cover the nervous system “clapier” meaning “brothel”. (meninges). Causes agent of gonorrhea a In rare cases, disseminated sexually transmitted disease. gonorrheae can even be fatal. Require nutrient supplementation to grow in laboratory cultures. LABORATORY SPECIMENS Specifically, they grow on CAP Blood with Co2. CSF Is able to prevent an immune Synovial Fluid response Discharges The host is also unable to develop an immunological memory Culture Media against N. gonorrhoeae – which means that future re-infection is THAYER MARTIN MEDIUM possible. Enriched cap with supplement B or Isovitale X MANIFESTATIONS and Antibiotics Infection of the genitals can Vancomycin – inhibits gram + result in a purulent (or pus like) Colistin – inhibits gram – discharge from the genitals Nystatin – inhibits fungi which may be foul smelling. MODIFIED THAYER MARTIN MEDIUM Additional of hemoglobin meningococcemia, a life solution and trimethophrim threatening sepsis. lactate which inhibits the Also associated with spreading of proteus. cerebrospinal lever or Waterhouse Friderichsen TRANSGROW MEDIUM syndrome a Thayer martin medium with The gold standard of diagnosi is glucose, 2% agar, isolation of N. meningitidis from trimetophrim, lactate and sterile body fluid. CO2 incorporated in a bottle. N. meningitidis vs. N. gonorrhoeae MARTIN LEWIS MEDIUM N. meningitidis A modified Thayer martin - Glucose + medium with the substitution - Maltose + of anisomycin, an antifungal - Capsule + agent with a longer half-life - Causes meningitis for nystatin. - Oxidase + New York city medium Also modified Thayer martin N. gonorrhoeae medium with substitution of - Glucose + Amphoteracin B - Maltose – - Capsule – LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION - Causes gonorrhoeae - Oxidase + Oxidase test – presumptive test FAT – fluorescent antibody MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS tagging test - is a Degradation of carbohydrate fastidious, nonmotile, Gram- Cultivation in CTA (Cysteine negative, aerobic, oxidase- Tellurite Agar) positive for glucose positive diplococcus that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, Cultivation in TMM with eye, central nervous system, vancomycin, colistin and nystatin septicemia, sinusistis, Modified TM (with trimetroprim pneumonia and joints of lactate to prevent swarming) humans. Martin Lewis with anisomycin to - was previously placed in a prevent growth of fungi separate genus NYCA with amphotericin to named Branhamella. The prevent growth of fungi rationale for this was that CAP other members of the genus Moraxella are rod- N. meningitidis shaped and rarely caused Often referred to as infections in humans. meningococcus, is a bacterium However, results from DNA that can use meningitis. hybridization studies And other forms of and 16S rRNA sequence meningococcal disease such as comparisons were used to justify inclusion of the species M. catarrhalis in the genus Moraxella. - As a consequence, the name Moraxella catarrhalis is currently preferred for these bacteria. Nevertheless, some in the medical field continue to call these bacteria Branhamella catarrhalis. - Resistant to penicillin , amoxicillin, and ampicillin. - Cultured in BAP and CAP with gray to white colonies and waxy surface. - Dnase + - Hockey puck test in which a wooden stick is used to try to push the colonies across the plate. The M. catarrhalis colonies scored positively on this test, which means they could be slid across the plate.
Veillonella are Gram-negative
anaerobic cocci. This bacterium is well known for its lactate fermenting abilities. They are a normal bacterium in the intestines and oral mucosa of mammals. In humans they have been rarely implicated in cases of osteomyelitis and endocarditis - V. parvula is the important species - Oxidase + - Sugar degradation negative - Dnase -