Sumario

PRESENT SIMPLE..............................................................................................................................3
Estructura.........................................................................................................................................3
Ex:...............................................................................................................................................3
PRESENT PERFECT...........................................................................................................................4
Estructura.........................................................................................................................................4
Ex:...............................................................................................................................................4
PAST SIMPLE......................................................................................................................................5
Estructura.........................................................................................................................................5
Reglas de pronunciación:.................................................................................................................5
Ex:...............................................................................................................................................5
Adjetivos terminados en -ed y -ing......................................................................................................6
NOTA:.........................................................................................................................................6
Ex:...............................................................................................................................................6
Adverbios y adjetivos...........................................................................................................................6
¿Cómo saber que es un adverbio?....................................................................................................6
Terminaciones..................................................................................................................................6
Ex:...............................................................................................................................................6
Comparativos y superlativos................................................................................................................7
Comparativos...................................................................................................................................7
NOTA:.........................................................................................................................................7
Ex:...............................................................................................................................................7
Superlativos.....................................................................................................................................7
NOTA:.........................................................................................................................................7
Irregulares...................................................................................................................................7
Ex:...............................................................................................................................................7
PAST PERFECT...................................................................................................................................8
Estructura.........................................................................................................................................8
Ex:...............................................................................................................................................8
Used to/ be used to/ get used to............................................................................................................9
Ex:...............................................................................................................................................9
Futuro will / I am going......................................................................................................................10
Estructura Will...............................................................................................................................10
Estructura going to.........................................................................................................................10
NOTA:.......................................................................................................................................10
Ex:.............................................................................................................................................10
Futuro perfecto....................................................................................................................................11
Estructura.......................................................................................................................................11
Ex:.............................................................................................................................................11
CONDICIONALES............................................................................................................................12
Condicional 0.................................................................................................................................12
Estructura..................................................................................................................................12
Ex:.............................................................................................................................................12
Condicional 1.................................................................................................................................12
Estructura..................................................................................................................................12
Ex:.............................................................................................................................................12
In / on / at............................................................................................................................................13

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 At...................................................................................................................................................13
Ex:.............................................................................................................................................13
In....................................................................................................................................................13
Ex:.............................................................................................................................................13
On...................................................................................................................................................13
Ex:.............................................................................................................................................13
There is / There are.............................................................................................................................14
Estructura.......................................................................................................................................14
Ex:.............................................................................................................................................14

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PRESENT SIMPLE
(Yo como, yo juego)

1. Una cosa que suceda habitualmente

2. Adverbios de tiempo: always, often, sometimes, usually…
3. Para hablar de generalidades y hechos científicos
4. Instrucciones
5. Horarios de medio de transporte

Estructura

Afirmativa: Sujeto + verbo(s) [3ª persona]

Negativa: Sujeto + do/does + not + verbo
Interrogativa: Do/Does + sujeto + verbo?
Excepción: verbo to be

Ex:

I am always.
She is happy.
Valiere studies english at GCU.
Does he want to eat?
Do you play tennis?
She works in a hospital.
We don’t live in a big house.

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PRESENT PERFECT
(Yo he comido/ tú has jugado)

1. Para describir acciones que ocurrieron en un tiempo no concreto antes de ahora

2. Describir una experiencia
3. Para los éxitos o logros
4. Para acciones que han comenzado en el pasado y continúan ahora
5. Expresiones de tiempo: ever, never, for, since, already, yet...

Estructura

Afirmativa: Sujeto + have/has + verbo(-ed o 3ª columna)

Negativa: Sujeto + have/has + not + verbo (3ª columna)
Interrogativa: Have/has + sujeto + verbo (3ª columna)

Ex:

I have losed my watch, I can’t find it.

The game has started. They are playing now.
I have lived here for ten years.

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PAST SIMPLE
(Jugué, bailé, salté)

1. Acción acabada
2. Last year, last week, last month, yesterday…
3. Acciones repetidas o habitualmente en el pasado
4. No se especifica el tiempo

Estructura

Afirmativa: Sujeto + verbo(-ed o 2ª columna)

Negativa: Sujeto + did + not + verbo( infinitivo)
Interrogativa: Did + sujeto + verbo(infinitivo)

Reglas de pronunciación:

✔ Infinitivos que acaban en p,f,k,s (consonantes sordas excepto t) pronunciamos la

terminación -ed como una t.
Ex: smoked, kissed, looked.

✔ Con los infinitivos que terminan en d ó t pronunciamos la e como una i.

Ex: ended

✔ Infinitivos b,g,l,m.n,v,z o una vocal, pronunciamos sólo la d.

Ex: cleaned

Ex:

Dan didn’t work last week.

Jane stayed at home yesterday.
Lask week we went to the cinema.
Last month Sarah travelled to Italy.
I worked all day and now I´m tired.
We bought a new house last week.

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Adjetivos terminados en -ed y -ing
➔ -ed: Para personas. Ex: Estar aburrido. I am bored.
➔ -ing: Cosas o situaciones. Ex: The film was exciting.

NOTA:

A veces utilizamos -ing para personas.

➔ -ing: Cualidad permanente. Ex: I am a boring person.
➔ -ed: Cualidad temporal. Ex: I am bored.

Ex:

He told me a very amusing story. I laughed an laughed.

This is a terribly boringling book. Nothing happens in it
Could you repeat that please, I am a bit confused because it was very complicated.

Adverbios y adjetivos
➔ Adjetivo: Cualidad (acompaña al sustantivo).
➔ Adverbio: Acompaña al verbo (dice como el verbo hace algo).

¿Cómo saber que es un adverbio?

El escribe bien. Le preguntamos, ¿cómo? Bien (adverbio)

He drives slowly. ¿How? Slowly (adverbio)

Terminaciones

Adverbios normales: -ly

Adverbios irregulares:
good - well
hard - hard
fast - fast
Ex:

Could I have a quickly with you?

I’ve got an easy job for you.
She sings very well.
Could you speak more quietly please?
He talked very interestingly about his job.
You’re cooked that meat wonderfuly.

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Comparativos y superlativos
Comparativos

✔ Una sílaba: tall, small, big. Se le añade -er: taller, smaller, bigger.
✔ 2 o más sílabas: more + adjetivo / less + adjetivo.
NOTA:

Para sílabas que acaban en -y:

heavy, pretty. Se le añade -ier: heavier, prettier, funnier.

Ex:

My sister is taller than me. Comparación

My mother is as tall as my father. Igualdad

My mother is older than my father.

Rachel’s hair is not as long as mine.
His room is only a bit bigger than mine.

Superlativos

✔ Una sílaba: tall, small, big. Se le añade -est: tallest, smallest, biggest.
✔ Más de una sílaba: the most + adjetivo / the least + adjetivo.

NOTA:
Para sílabas que acaban en -y:
Se le añade -iest: heaviest, prettiest, funniest.

Compara dos cosas o acción:

The + superlativo + in.
Ex: He is the tallest person in the world.
Irregulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good Better best
Bad Worse Worst
Far Farther Farthest
Little Less Least

Ex:
I think Mary is the most beautiful woman I have ever seen.

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PAST PERFECT
(había comido)

Usamos el past perfect para referirnos a una acción o evento que comenzó en el pasado y que es
anterior a otra acción.
Primero past perfect y luego past simple.

Estructura

Afirmativa: Sujeto + had + verbo (3ª columna ó -ed)

Negativa: Sujeto + had + not + verbo (3ªcolumna ó -ed)
Interrogativa: Had + Sujeto + verbo (3ªcolumna ó -ed)

Ex:

I’d read the book before I saw the movie.

I’d been in my house all day.
She’d taught Shakespeare before.
She’d done the dinner before she went to work.
I didn’t done all my homework when I went to class.
Had you met her before?

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Used to/ be used to/ get used to
used to
➢ solía: I used to go to beach everyday.
➢ Imperfecto (iba): I used to go to beach everyday.
Be used to + ing (estar acostumbrado/ estar habituado)
Get used to + ing (habituarse, acostumbrarse)

Ex:
When I worked abroad, I used to phone home week.
When She arrived to Britian she was not used to driving on the left, but she soon got used to it.
I didn’t use to go out alone until I was 18.

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Futuro will / I am going
(Compraré, llamaré, haré)

Estructura Will
Afirmativa: Sujeto + will + verbo (infinitivo)
Negativa: Sujeto + will + not + verbo (infinitivo)
Interrogativa: Will/ Won’t + Sujeto + verbo (infinitivo)?

Estructura going to
Afirmativa: Sujeto + be (am/is/are) + going to + verbo (infinitivo)
Negativa: Sujeto + be (am/is/are) + not + going to + verbo (infinitivo)
Interrogativa: Am/ Is/ Are + Sujeto + going to + verbo (infinitivo)?

La diferencia está en el sentido de la planificación; cuando estamos seguros de algo que va a ocurrir
usamos el segundo.

NOTA:
Horarios de trenes, aviones, autobuses… se usa el Present Siemple.
Ex: The train arrives at 9.00 am.

Ex:
I think I’ll buy a car. (Creo que compraré un auto.)
I’m going to buy a car with my savings. (Voy a comprar un auto con mis ahorros.)
That tree is rotten, it’s going to fall. (Ese árbol está podrido, va a caerse.)
Are you going to eat that? (¿Vas a comerte eso?)
Are you going to the party tonight? (¿Irás a la fiesta esta noche?)
Will he be alright ? (¿Estará bien?)
Are we going to clean the house? (¿Vamos a limpiar la casa?)

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Futuro perfecto
(Habré comido, habré terminado)

(1) Se usa para acciones que ya se habrá terminado antes de otra acción en el futuro.
(2) Especificar que algo va a suceder antes de un momento específico en el tiempo.
(3) Para mostrar que algo va a continuar hasta otra acción en el futuro.

Estructura

Afirmativa: Sujeto + will + have/has + verbo (3ª columna ó -ed)

Negativa: Sujeto + will + have/has+ not + verbo (3ª columna ó -ed)
Interrogativa: Will + Sujeto + have/has + verbo (3ª columna ó -ed)

Ex:
They will have arrived before we leave.
How long will you have been married when your son is born?
My mother will has maked lunch by the time we get home.

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CONDICIONALES
Condicional 0
Estructura

If + present simple + present simple

100% true.

Ex:
If you heat ice, it melts.
If water boils, it evaporates. (Si el agua hierve, se evapora)
If you eat too much, you get fat. (Si comes mucho, engordas)
If you scare a snake, it bites you. (Si asustas a una serpiente, te muerde)

Condicional 1
Estructura

If + present simple + will + infinitivo

90% probabilidad de ocurrencia.

Ex:
If you study you will pass.
If you come for the weekend, we will go to the cinema. (Si vienes para el fin de semana, iremos al
cine)
If you park here, you will get a fine. (Si aparcas aquí, te van a multar)
If I save enough money this month, I will buy a new laptop. (Si ahorro suficiente este mes, me
compraré un portatil)

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In / on / at

At

➢ Lugar: Para la posición de un punto o un lugar concreto.

➢ Tiempo: Para referirnos a horas o momentos determinados.
Ex:
He works at the bank.
He was there at 7 o’clock.
My english classes starts at 8 o’clock.
The film finishes at midnight.
I never work at weekends.
Students are on holiday at christmas and at Easter.
Teenegers often watch TV at night.

In

➢ Lugar: Para la posición dentro de un entorno tridimensional.

➢ Tiempo: Para referirnos a meses, años y estaciones.

Ex:
Craig is in his office.
In the year 2017.
In the evening.
It hardly ever shows in Barcelona in winter.
I was born in 1993.
They are tired in the morning.

On

➢ Lugar: Para la posición sobre una superficie, objetos…

➢ Tiempo: Para referirnos a fechas, días de la semana.
Ex:
My computer is on the table.
We will see on Sunday.
John often goes for a walk on Sundays.
The exam is on Friday morning.
Jane’s birthday is on 24th May.

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There is / There are
(Hay (singular) / hay (plural)

Estructura
Afirmativa: There + verbo to be
Interrogativa: Auxiliar + there + verbo?
Ex:
There is one chair in the room. (Hay una silla en la habitación)
Last night there was a bird on my window. (Anoche había un pájaro en mi ventana)
Is there a drugstore near your school? (¿Hay una farmacia cerca de tu escuela?)

Many /much
(Cuanto, cuantos)

✔ Much: Se utiliza para cosas incontables.

✔ Many: Se utiliza para cosas contables.

Ex:
How much money do you have?
How many friends do you have?
How many dollars do you have?
I have so much homework tonight!
She has as many shoes as I do. (Ella tiene tantos zapatos como yo)
John worries too much. (John se preocupa demasiado)

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Review exercises
There are people in my house.
I am taller than my sister.
We are going on holidays in Christmas.
Could we go to the park together.
Nowadays there are a lof of thieves.
My father have spoken about you.
The next year, we will celebrate the B1.
I have not studied the comparative.
Tomorrow we are going to see my friend in her beautiful school.

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