Acknowledgment

The researchers wish to extend their heartfelt gratitude to the following

individuals for the much needed assistance, cooperation and encouragement, for without
them, this study would not have been realized.

To Mr. Manuelito P. Talaue Jr., RPh, the researchers’ adviser for his constant
support, guidance and follow-up on the development of this study.

To Mr. Dindo V. Asuncion, Ph.D, the dean of School of Health and Allied
Sciences, who gave his helpful hints and suggestions.

To Dr. Eladio Martin Gumabay, RN, MSN, DNS, assistant research director, for
his time and effort in checking this manuscript.

To Dr. Abelardo P. Bas-ong, RN, DVM, MS, the IACUC chairman, and a
veterinarian, who gave full assistance in conducting the experiment and for his time and
effort.

To Mr. Jovani Mola, the laboratory in charge, for lending the necessary
equipment needed in the accomplishment of this study.

To Mr. Francisco Antonio for assisting the researchers in the statistical analysis
of this study.

Mr. Manuel D. Ching, the chief, CIPGR section, for helping the researchers in the
authentication of the plant in Bureau of Plant Industry, Manila, Philippines.

To all the staff members of Cagayan Valley Herbal Processing Plant for their full
assistance in our study.

To the researchers’ parents who continuously extend their love and support in
whatever challenges the researchers face.

Above all, to God almighty for His guidance and help during the conduct of this
study and who never ceases to love and guide the researchers throughout their life’s’
journey.

The Researchers

THE ANTI INFLAMMMATORY ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TAKIP KUHOL

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 ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic leaf
extract of Takip kuhol (Centella asiatica) particularly the leaves, to determine the
presence of anti-inflammatory activity considering the basis of use in the traditional
medicine. The inflammation was induced by injecting 0.1 ml of 1% w/v carrageenan
suspension into the sub-planter region of left hind paw of rat. This was done through
treating Diclofenac as a positive control and Experimental group which is the ethanolic
extract of Takip kuhol (Centella asiatica). Measuring the paw edema of the rats was
done using volume displacement method to assess if the inflammation was subsided.
Results showed that the 300 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of the extract start
exhibited its anti-inflammatory effect during the 3rd day which was assessed basing on
the baseline and after carrageenan administration in the hind paw of rat. Therefore, the
ethanolic leaf extract of Takip kuhol (Centella asiatica) statistically proved, based on the
methods used and the results obtained in this study, that it is effective as an anti-
inflammatory with a dose of 300 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg.

Keywords: anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan, inflammation ethanolic, leaf-

extracts, volume displacement

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page
Acknowledgment -------------------------------------------------------------------- i
Abstract -------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
Table of Contents -------------------------------------------------------------------- iii
List of Tables -------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
List of Figures -------------------------------------------------------------------- v

INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Significance of the Study
Literature Review
Research Paradigm
--------------------------------------------------------- 1
--------------------------------------------------------- 1
--------------------------------------------------------- 2
--------------------------------------------------------- 2
--------------------------------------------------------- 2
--------------------------------------------------------- 4

METHODS
Research Design --------------------------------------------------- 5
Methodological Flow Chart --------------------------------------------------- 5
Locale of the Study --------------------------------------------------- 6
Sample Technique --------------------------------------------------- 6
Procedure and Data Gathering --------------------------------------------------- 6

RESULTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8
DISCUSSION ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10
CONCLUSION ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10
RECOMMENDATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11
REFERENCES ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11

APPENDICES
A Literature Matrix -------------------------------------------------------- 16
B UREB Letter -------------------------------------------------------- 44
C President’s Letter -------------------------------------------------------- 45
D Dean’s Letter -------------------------------------------------------- 46
E Feedback Form -------------------------------------------------------- 47
F Plant Authentication -------------------------------------------------------- 48
G Research Animal Permit -------------------------------------------------------- 49
H Research Animal Certificate -------------------------------------------------------- 50
I Receipts -------------------------------------------------------- 51
J Phytochemical Analysis -------------------------------------------------------- 52
K Documentation -------------------------------------------------------- 53
L Raw Data -------------------------------------------------------- 57
M Statistical Results -------------------------------------------------------- 60
N Curriculum vitae ` -------------------------------------------------------- 65

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 List of Figures

Figure # Title Page

1 Research Paradigm --------------------------------------------- 4
2 Methodological flow chart --------------------------------------------- 5

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 List of Tables

Table # Title Page

1 Measurement of Induction of Carrageenan Suspension ---------------- 7
2 Phytochemical Screening ---------------- 8
3 Anova :Single factor ---------------- 9
Comparison of Least Square difference ---------------- 9
3.a Results of the pairwise combination of Day 3 data ---------------- 9
3.b Results of the pairwise combination of Day 5 data ---------------- 10
3.c Results of the pairwise combination of Day 7 data ---------------- 10

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