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Q2 What is the ratio of rotor to jet velocity in pelton wheel turbine for maximum
efficiency?
Ans: 1/2
Q5 A Pelton wheel turbine develops 10 MW power under a head of 500 m. Rotor of the
wheel rotates at 450 rpm and rotor to jet velocity ratio is 0.5. For 85% hydraulic
efficiency and 170 degree jet deflection angle, estimate:
(a) The diameter of the jet.
(b) Specific speed of the turbine.
(c) The diameter of rotor wheel.
Ans:
Given data :
Power output = Po = 10 MW = 10x106 W, Input head = h = 500 m,
Rotor speed = N = 450 rpm, Rotor to jet velocity = U/V1 = 0.5,
Blade deflection angle = θ = 1700, so β = 1800-θ = 100, Efficiency = ղ = 0.85
4Q
=> d = = 0.17 m (Ans a)
V
Q# (Marks) Performance Characteristics of Pelton Turbine: FP_2
b. Nozzle
c. Spear rod
d. Rotor shaft
e. Breaking jet
Specific speed (Ns) = N P /H5/4 Jet pumps have no movable parts, need no
mechanical drive and are designed in a simple structure.
Q4 What is the function of the splitter in the bucket of the Pelton Turbine?
Ans: The splitter divide the jet in two equal streams, so that the side thrusts produced by
the fluid in each half balance each other.It helps split the water flow equally on either
side to avoid unbalanced axial thrust on the shaft and bearings.
Q5 Find the power produced by the Pelton Turbine if water flow is 0.1 m3/s and head at
the nozzle inlet is 50 m. Assume turbine efficiency to be 90%. What will be the
optimum speed of the buckets on the rotor? List any assumptions made.
Ans:
Q3 Which component is used to control the flow rate in a Pelton wheel turbine?
Ans: Spear rod or, Spear valve
Q5 Which set of independent parameters are varied to obtain the characteristic curve of a
hydraulic turbine?
(a) Speed and Discharge (b) Speed and Power output
(b) Head and Hydraulic efficiency (c) Speed, Head and Discharge
Ans: (a) Speed and Discharge
Q6 A Pelton turbine with a wheel of 1.47 m diameter operates under an effective head of
675 m at nozzle inlet and uses 4 m3/s of water flow rate. Ratio of jet diameter to wheel
diameter is 0.15. Assuming that the turbine operates at a blade speed to jet speed ratio
of 0.47, determine [Please note: Blade deflection angle is missing from the question,
Lets take it as 1650]
(a) Wheel rotational speed;
(b) Power output
(c) Hydraulic efficiency
Ans:
Given data:
D = Wheel diameter = 1.47 m, Input head = h = 675 m, flow rate = Q = 4 m3/sec
Jet diameter to wheel diameter ratio = d/D = 0.15
Blade speed to jet speed ratio = U/V = 0.47
Q1 Name the instruments used to take the readings along with the parameters they
measure.
Ans: (i) Orifice meter for volume flow rate, (ii) Tachometer for rotational speed,
(iii) Spring mass balance for load applied, (iv) pressure gauge for input head
Q2 The hydraulic efficiency of Pelton turbine will be maximum when blade velocity is
equal to -------------?
Ans: (a)
Ans: The splitter divide the jet in two equal streams, so that the side thrusts produced by the
fluid in each half balance each other.I
(a) Tangential flow (b) Radial flow (c) Axial flow (d) Mixed flow
Ans: (a)
Ans: Specific speed: It is the speed of a geometrically similar turbine which would produce
one unit of power when working under a unit head.
Q6 Calculate the force of water jet acting on semispherical blade of Pelton turbine. The
turbine is rotating, rotational speed is 320rpm. Diameter of blade wheel D1 = 1.1 m.
Discharge Q = 0.027 m3/s outflows from the nozzle with diameter 0.030 m.
Ans:
Given data:
N = wheel rotational speed = 320 rpm, D1 = wheel diameter = 1.1 m,
Q = Discharge = 0.027 m3/sec, d = jet diameter = 0.030 m
Since, Tangential velocity of bucket (U) = πD1N/60
=> U = 18.43 m/sec
Also, Q = (πd2/4) V1
=> V1 = 4Q/(πd2) = 38.197 m/sec
Since, Buckets are of semi-spherical shape. So, blade deflection angle (θ) = 1800
So, Angle between relative velocity at bucket exit and bucket tangential velocity (β) =
1800 - θ = 00
Force of fluid on the bucket, F = ρQ (Vw1 + Vw2)
=> F = ρQ (V1 + Vr2 cosβ - U)
=> F = ρQ (V1 + Vr2 - U)
=> F = ρQ x 2(V1 - U) (Since, Vr = V1 - U)
=> F = 1000 x 0.027 x 2 x (38.197 - 18.43)
=> F = 1067.418 N