Occupational Health Risk Assessment

The aim of Occupational Health Risk Assessment

(OHRA) is to systematically and proactively identify health
hazards in the workplace, assess their potential risks to
health and determine appropriate control measures to
protect the health and wellbeing of workers.

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 STEPS IN AN OHRA
HIRADC form

1. Identify the Health Hazards and Their Harmful Health

Effects :
 the exposed individuals and groups,
 the processes, tasks, material, and areas,
2. Assess, Measure, or Verify the Exposures :
 analyze the effectiveness of existing control measures,
 analyze the potential health risks of the hazardous exposures
(e.g. compare against occupational exposure limits).
3. Prioritize the Health Risks :
 anticipate potential new and emerging health risks,
 establish a risk register.
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 STEPS IN AN OHRA
HIRADC form

4. Set Additional Control & Priorities for Action :

 develop, implement, and monitor a risk control action plan
or review existing risk control action plan,
5. Maintain Accurate and Systematic Records of the
OHRA :
 review and amend at regular intervals or earlier if changes
to processes or new developments are proposed.

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 HEALTH HAZARDS
• Physical : Noise, Vibration, Pressure, Radiation, Heat and Cold.
• Chemical : Dusts, Fumes (e.g. diesel), Vapours (e.g : solvents),
Mists, Liquids (e.g : acids), Gases, Fibres.
• Biological :
 Contact with domestic and wild animals and insects,
 Contact with infected workers and other people in the
workplace,
 Ingestion of contaminated food and drink,
 Poor hygiene and waste disposal practices and facilities.

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 HEALTH HAZARDS

• Ergonomic :
 Job design (i.e. control, content, workload),
 Job organization (i.e. shift patterns, sleep deprivation,
rotations),
 Poor working postures and repetitive motion (e.g. within the
mine and in offices and warehouses),
 Poor hygiene and waste disposal practices and facilities,
 Equipment design (e.g. cab and control design in mobile
equipment).

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 HEALTH HAZARDS
• Psychological :
 Poor risk perception and risk-taking behavior,
 Isolation (e.g. lone workers in some areas),
 Social Isolation (i.e. contact with family and friends and access
to social support),
 Overcrowding and lack of privacy,
 Communication problems (e.g : shyness, language problems),
 Discrimination,
 Bullying and harassment,
 Culture, faith/religion, local customs,
 Leisure and recreation opportunities,
 Substance abuse/dependence and smoking.
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 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IMPACTS
• The Physical Environment :
 physical injury,
 musculoskeletal disorders,
 noise-induced hearing loss,
 hand arm vibration syndrome,
 skin cancer,
 effects from both ionizing and non–Ionizing
radiation (e.g : cataracts),
 heat exhaustion,
 hypothermia and,
 various other health effects).
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 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IMPACTS
• The Effects of Hazardous Substances :
 skin disorders – burns / contact dermatitis / cancer,
 intoxication – through to asphyxiation and death,
 acute pneumonia,
 damage to the respiratory tract,
 damage to internal organ systems.
• Onset of Symptoms in Relation to Exposure :
 acute health effects,
 chronic health effects,
 long latency.

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 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IMPACTS

• Other Occupational Hazards to Health :

 stress and other adverse mental,
 health and wellbeing effects,
 chronic fatigue.

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 Likelihood Table (L)
NILAI /
VALUE KEMUNGKINAN (LIKELIHOOD / L)
Diperkirakan terjadi pada sebagian besar keadaan, 1 atau lebih insiden setiap 6 bulan
Kritikal
5 (Is expected to occur in most circumstances, 1 or more event every 6 months)
(Critical)
Continuous for 8 hour or more per shift.
Mungkin akan terjadi pada sebagian besar keadaan, setidaknya 1 insiden setiap 1 tahun
Tinggi
4 (Will probably occur in most circumstances, at least 1 event every year.)
(High)
Intermittent for between 2 and 7 hours per shift.
Mungkin terjadi atau seharusnya terjadi pada beberapa waktu, setidaknya 1 kejadian
setiap 2 tahun Sedang
3 (Might occur or should occur at some time, at least 1 event every 2 years.) (Moderate)
Short periods of time (a few times per week).
Bisa terjadi pada beberapa waktu, setidaknya 1 kejadian setiap 3 tahun
Rendah
2 (Could occur at some time, at least 1 event every 3 years.)
(Low)
Unusual (a few times a month).
Mungkin terjadi hanya dalam keadaan luar biasa, kurang dari 1 kejadian setiap 3 tahun Rendah
1 (May occur only in exceptional circumstances, less than 1 event every 3 years.) Sekali
Rare (a few times per year). (Very Low)

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 Severity Table (S)
1 2 3 4 5
Injury Not Revised
Non-life Adverse health effects that
Unlikely to Adverse health effects
threatening are generally permanent and
Occupational lead to harm that are permanent but
-- reversible could lead to a significant
Diseases / health don’t significantly affect
health reduction in quality of life
effects. quality of life or longevity.
effects. and/or longevity.
Property
Not Revised
Damage
Environmental
Pollution and or
Hazardous
Material /
Hazardous Not Revised
Waste Spillage
and or usage of
resources/
energy.

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