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Color ring resistor is generally four rings (common resistance), five rings (precision
resistance) two standard methods (Figure 1).
Four-ring color-coded resistor, A, B two rings are valid numbers. С-ring is 10". D-ring is
precision grade.
The five ring color resistor A.B.c three rings for the "effective number, D the ring is 10, . E
ring for the accuracy level,
5, Resistor performance measurement
The main parameter value of the resistor is generally marked on the resistor, the resistance
of the resistor, to ensure the accuracy of the test. A variety of instruments can be used to
make measurements, as well as ammeters, voltmeters, or comparisons. The measurement
error of the instrument should be greater than the measured resistance. The allowable
deviation is at least two levels. For universal resistors, a multimeter can generally be used
for measurement. If using mechanical meter measurements. Different ranges should be
selected according to the resistance value, and zero adjustment should be made so that the
pointer is indicated as far as possible in the middle of the dial; Contact resistance lead to
prevent the human body resistance in parallel with the measured resistance. If a digital
multimeter is used, the measurement accuracy is higher than that of the mechanical
multimeter.
Before using the resistor, the measuring instrument should be used to check whether the
resistance value is consistent with the nominal value. In practical use, the resistance value is
When the rated power cannot meet the requirements, it can be solved by using resistor
string and parallel method. But it should be noted that in addition to calculating whether the
total resistance value.
In addition to the requirements, we must also pay attention to whether the power of each
resistor is appropriate, that is, the rated power is more than 1 times greater than the power.
When using resistors, in addition to the rated power can not be exceeded, to prevent
damage due to heat, it should also pay attention not to exceed the maximum operating
voltage, otherwise Sparks inside the resistor cause noise
6, Use common sense:
There are a wide variety of resistors, different performance, and a wide range of
applications. Should be based on different uses of circuit and not With the requirements of
different types of resistors. In a circuit requiring high heat resistance, stability, and reliability,
metal should be used. Film or metal oxide film resistors; wirewound resistors can be used in
circuits that require high power, good heat resistance, and low operating frequency;
For general circuits without special requirements, carbon film resistors can be used to
reduce costs, resistors when replacing, high power resistors Replaceable low-power
resistors, metal film resistors can replace carbon film resistors, fixed resistors and semi-
kettle resistors Mutual replacement
(2) potentiometer;
1, Potentiometer type:
(1) Non-contact potentiometers: Produce output voltages through non-wearing non-
mechanical contact, such as photoelectric and magnetic potentiometers.
(2) Contact Potentiometer: Obtain voltage output through direct contact between brush and
resistor
1 Alloy type (wirewound) potentiometers wx.100 n Ω. 100 KΩ for high precision, high power
circuits.
2 Synthetic potentiometers:
A. Synthetic solid potentiometer ws, 100 Ω ~ 10 M Ω. Used for wear-resistant, heat-resistant
and other higher-level circuits.
B. Synthetic Carbon Film Potentiometer WH,470 Ω ~4.7 M Ω. General Circuit Applicable
C. Metal glass glaze potentiometer w1:47 Ω~4.7 M Ω. Suitable for high resistance, high
voltage and RF circuits.
3 thin film potentiometer:
A. Metal film potentiometer WJ: 10 Ω ~ 100 KΩ, for circuits below 100 MHz.
B. metal oxide film potentiometer WY, 10 Ω ~ 100 K Ω. For high power circuits.
According to different structures, it can be divided into single rings (rotation angle is less
than 360°), multi-turn potentiometers, single-link, double-link, multi-potential
Switching and non-switching potentiometers, latching and non-latching potentiometers,
tapping potentiometers.
According to different adjustment methods, it is divided into rotary potentiometer and slide
potentiometer
According to different purposes, outside is ordinary, precision, fine-tuning, power and
special potentiometer.
According to the functional relationship of output characteristics, it is divided into linear (X
type), exponential (Z type), and logarithmic (D type) potentiometers.
2. Performance measurement of the electrical device:
According to the size of the nominal resistance of the potentiometer, properly select
whether the resistance value of the two fixing potentiometers of the multimeter is fixed
Consistent with the measurement of the RIU between the sliding end and the fixed end, the
sliding end is slowly moved. If the number changes smoothly, No Bounce and drop
phenomenon, indicating that the potentiometer resistor body is good, the sliding end
contact can palm, measure the resistance value between the sliding end and the fixed end
In the process, the minimum resistance at the beginning should be as small as possible, that
is, the zero resistance should be small. When rotating the shaft or moving the sliding end, it
should feel smooth.
There is no feeling of tightness. The terminals of the potentiometer and the resistor should
be in contact with the palm of the hand.
3, use common sense:
(1) Selection of potentiometers, there are many kinds of potentiometer specifications. When
selecting, it is not only necessary to select the appropriate resistance according to the
requirements of the circuit. Value and rated power, but also consider the installation and
adjustment of the convenience and cost, electrical performance should be based on
different requirements of the reference potentiometer type and use Way to choose.
(2) Installation and use of potentiometer, potentiometer should be installed securely to
avoid loosening and short circuit of other components in the circuit; A can't be too long to
prevent heat deformation of the shell around the lead-out; the potentiometer should be
taken care of when the three terminals of the potentiometer are connected. To meet the
requirements
(3) Capacitors
1. The model name of the capacitor:
The main name of the capacitor, the symbol and meaning of the material part The letter that
distinguishes specific materials is determined by the model management department.
In addition to the polyester film dielectric material only with "L", other posterior organic film
materials should be "L" followed by 1 letter to distinguish
Specific materials, this letter distinguishing between specific materials is confirmed by the
type management department.
When used, multiply the nominal value in the table by 10°, where n is an integer,
Commonly used units Farah (F), millifarad (mF), microfarad (pF), nanofarad (nF)
Pico method (pF),
Their relationship with the basic unit Farah (F) is:
The International Electrotechnical Commission recommended capacitance error notation
using letters: +50% z--20
(2) Rated working voltage:
The rated working voltage refers to the specified voltage value that the voltage between
electrodes cannot be exceeded when the capacitor is continuously and reliably operated for
a long time, otherwise the electricity
The container will be damaged by breakdown. The nominal operating voltage value is
generally marked on the capacitor with a direct voltage
Capacitor rated voltage series:
1.6,4,6.3,10,16,25,32*,40,50*,63,100, 125*,160,250,300*,400,450*,500,630
1000. 1600, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6300, 8000, 10000 15000, 20000, 25000, 30000
35000, 40000, 45000, 50000, 60000, 80000, 100000,
Note, 'No. is limited to electrolytic capacitors,
The series with the value "_" is preferred.