CHAPTER 1

1 BANDPASS FILTER DESIGN AND

IMPLEMENTATION

The 1559-1610 MHz band is a shared band internationally allocated to the radionavigation-
satellite service (RNSS) in the space-to-earth and space-to-space directions. The 1575.42
MHz ± 12 MHz frequency is used to transmit the Global Positioning System (GPS)
radionavigation-satellite service L1 signal for military, aviation, space, and commercial
applications. Typical receiver sensitivity: -142dBm to -160dBm; we expect a satellite signal
to be -128.5 dBm at the output of the antenna, when outdoors with a

1.1 Filter Specification

Centre Frequency (fo) = 1584.5 MHz

Passband Bandwidth = 51 MHz
Passband Return Loss (LR) > 20dB
Stopband Insertion Loss (LA) > 40dB at fo ±100MHz
Input & Output Impedance = 50Ω
Passband Ripple = 0.5dB

Substrate Height (h) = 1.6mm

Dielectric Constant (εr) = 4.4
Loss Tangent (δ) = 0.02

1.2 Determination of Filter Order and Element Values

First, we must evaluate the degree of the low pass filter prototype: The order N of a
Chebyshev filter is calculated using equation (3.1):

S
S+ ¿
20 log ⁡¿ --------------------------- (3.1)
L +L +6
N≥ A R
¿

Where S is Selectivity and is the ration of stopband to passband bandwidth i.e S= 4

 4
4 +¿
20 log ⁡¿
40+20+ 6
N≥ ¿

N≥ 3.682

Therefore N = 4

Using a 0.5dB ripple Chebyshev table, we obtain the normalised element values as:
g1 = 1.6703; g2 = 1.1926; g3 = 2.3662; g4 = 0.8419; Zo= 1.9841

We obtain the de-normalized values for the inductances and capacitances using equation (3.2)
and equation (3.3) respectively.

Lk =
[ ] gk Z o
wo ⧍
------------------------------ (3.2)

C k=
[ ⧍
wo gk Zo ] --------------------------- (3.3)

w1−w2 1610−1559
⧍= = = 0.0322
wo 1584.29

wo = √ w 1 w2 = 2 π √ 1559× 106 × 1610 ×106 = 9.954 ×10

9

L1 = [ 1.6703 ×50
9
9.954 × 10 × 0.0322 ] = 2.606 ×10−7 C1 =
[ 0.0322
9
9.954 ×10 ×1.6703 ×50 ] =

3.873 ×10−14

L2 = [ 1.1926 ×50
9
9.954 × 10 × 0.0322 ] = 1.860 ×10−7 C2 =
[ 0.0322
9
9.954 ×10 ×1.1926 ×50 ] =

5.425 ×10−14

L3 = [ 2.3662× 50
9.954 × 109 × 0.0322 ] = 3.691 ×10−7 C3 =
[ 0.0322
9.954 ×10 9 ×2. 3 662× 50 ] =

2.734 ×10−14
L4 = [ 0.8419 ×50
9.954 × 109 × 0.0322 ] = 1.3133 ×10−7 C 4=
[ 0.0322
9.954 × 109 × 0.8419 ×50 ] =

7.684 ×10−14