Beruflich Dokumente
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SINGH HARYANA
AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
AGRO.ECONOMICS
SUBMITTED TO –DR. K.K KUNDU
ENTERPRENEURSHIP
The word entrepreneurship is derived from French verb
ENTERPRENDRE which means to undertake.
The Frenchmen who organized and led military
expenditure in the early 16th century were referred as
entrepreneur.
Around 1700 A.D the term entrepreneur was used for
architecture and contractors of public work.
Definition of entrepreneur
Acc. To oxford dictionary
One who undertakes an enterprise , especially a contracting as
intermediatory between capital and labour.
According to Peter P. Druker
Innovation is the specific tool of entrepreneurs the means by
which they exploitchanges or an opportunity for different
business or different service.
CHARACTERSTICS OF AN ENTERPRENEURS
DEFINITION OF AN ENTERPRENEUR
Acc. To COLE
Enterpreneureship is the purposeful activity of an individual or
group of associated individuals, undertaken to initiate
mountain or aggrandize profit by production or distribution of
economic goods and services
Acc. To Peter .P .Druker
Entrepreneurship is neither a science nor an art. It is a practice.
It is knowledge base .knowledge in entrepreneurship is means
to an end i.e by the practice.
THEORIES OF ENTERPRENEURSHIP
THE ECONOMIST’S VIEW
1. According to the economists entrepreneurship and
economics market will take place in those situations where
particular economic conditions are not favourable .
2. According to J.B say rationally combining the forces of
product into men producing organization in functionof an
enterpreneurer.
3. According to cantillion an enterpreneurer is an uncertainly
bearer buying at a fixed price and selling it an uncertain
price
4. Entrepreneur connects different markets,he is capable of
gap filling he is input completer and he creates or expands
things
5. Small industry is natural habitat of entrepreneur where is
role is like that of striker who keeps the fire burning.
6. The entrepreneurship development in a particular country
largely depends upon the economic policy,programme and
economic environment of that country.
MANAGERIAL VIEWS
The view gives more importance to managerial aspects like
perception of market opportunities and operational skills
as qualities required to carry out an enterprise.
Entrepreneurship is an outcome of complex and varying
combination of socio economic,psychological and other
factors.
EVALUATION OF ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN
INDIA
The concept of entrepreneur of entrepreneurship includes
basic qualilites of leadership enterprise innovation,vision,
hardwork and profit maximization.
In india 70% of total sales comes from family bussiess e.g tata
make trucks , Mahindra make jeaps etc.
Entrepreneur , intrapreneuir or manager of 90s have modeled
in psycho-philosphy not I Indian context and values.
WHO IS ENTERPRENEUR?
A person who brings in change through
innovation for the maximum social good.
DEFINITION OF ENTERPRENEUR – joseph A.
Schumpeter defines entrepreneur for an advanced
economy as:
An individual who introduces something new the
economy
i.e the method of production or process [new]
a product
raw material
new market
DEFINITION OF ENTERPRENEUR
In case of developing economy
one who starts an industry old or new , undertakes risks and
uncertainities
performance managerial functions.
DIAGRAMATIC RELATION
RISK TAKING INNOVATION
VALUES ETHICS
OPERATIONAL SKILLS
VISION ORGANISATIONAL
SKILLS
CONCEPT OF ENTERPRENEUR
History
Marco polo attempted to establish trade routes
for east
Signed contracts of money with merchants
Middle ages
The term entrepreneur was used to describe
individuals who managed resources provided by
the government e.g castels cathedrals.
17th century
Period where risk was attached to entrepreneur
ship process the process entered into
contractual agreement with government.
The term ‘entrepreneuwas applied to business
by French economist ‘centillion’.
CANTILLION THEORY
Catellion designed the term .dealer who purchases means of
production [4Ms] and combines them into marketable profits.
CHARACTERSTICS OF ENTERPRENEURER
Risk taker
Self confident
Optimistic
Deal for achievement
Hard work
Emotional stability
Patience
Communication
clear objectives
need for independence
creative
imaginary
business secrecy
good organizer
Enterpreneuraial functions…
RAISING FINANCE
DECIDING PLANNING
PROJECTS PRO.
ENTERP EARNING
INNOVATION PROFITS
RENEURER
MANAGING
RISK TAKER
THEORIES OF ENTERPRENEURSHIP
Identified by mark cassin
DeMand for enterpreneurshipis limited
It is available in dentifying than becomes difficult.
THEORY OF ACHIEVEMENT
MC. CLELLAND identified characterstics of entrepreneurship
doing new things in a new way
decision making under uncertainity.
THEORY OF PROFIT
Knight identifies entrepreneurships as
Recipient of pure profit
Pure profit is bearing the cost of uncertainity.
For which self confidence is important.
THEORY OF CHANGE :
young conductedthe theamatic appreciationt test
[tat] concluded that :
group becomes reactive when group
experiences low status.
Defined access to important social networks.
Group has better institutional resources.
THEORY OF PRICE
Kirzener believes adjustment of price as main role of
entrepreneurer . alertness to price is im portant
CLASSIFICATION OF ENTERPRENEURERS
BUSSINESS ENTERPRENEURERS-individual who conceive
an idea [product and service] create business.
Taps production and marketing , big or small
INDUCED ENTERPRENEURERS
one who is induced to takeup enterpreneurial tasks
assistance provided through incentives ,concessions etc. e.g
women enterpreneurers
MOTIVATED ENTERPRENEURERS enterpreneurers
motivated by desire of self fulfilment
e.g to try what one feels is right e.g kiran majumdar sholi
SPONTANEUS ENTERPRENEURERS
enterpreneurers who start their bussiness by natural talent
personnel activities
ENTERPRENEURIAL ENVIRONMENT
atmosphere
Political
Quality of leadership
Economic- policies ,labour, trade subsidies
Social- social harmony ,risk culture
Technological- risk, efficiency , profitability
Legal and cultural – values ,aspirations,rules and
regulations.
Institutions in aid of enterpreneurers
EDIT: entrepreneurship development institute of inia set up in
1982 at ahemdabad
One of the resource organization at national level established
by central government.