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Structure of the Registry Phone and modem options

1. The Registry has a hierarchical structure, like the directories on  Printers and faxes
your hard disk. Each branch (denoted by a folder icon in the  Scanners and cameras
Registry Editor, see below) is called a key. Each key can contain User Accounts: Applets to configure options for users and their e-
other keys, as well as Values. Each value contains the actual mail:
information stored in the Registry. There are three types of values:  E-mail
String, Binary, and DWORD - the use of these depends upon the
 User accounts
context.
Date, Time, Language, and Regional Options: Applets to change
2. There are six main branches (five in Windows 2000 and settings based on your location and language:
Windows XP), each containing a specific portion of the  Date and time
information stored in the Registry. They are as follows:  Regional and language options
o HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT - this branch contains all of your file Accessibility Options: A wizard used to configure windows for
types as well as OLE information for all your OLE-aware vision, hearing, and mobility needs
applications. Security Center: Applet used to configure security settings for:
 Internet options
HKEY_CURRENT_USER - this branch points to the part of  Automatic updates
HKEY_USERS appropriate for the current user.
 Windows firewall
o HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE - this branch contains information Procedures in Using Computer System Configuration Tools
about all of the hardware and software installed in your computer. As a future computer technician you must be diligent and eager to
Since you can specify multiple hardware configurations, the know the different procedures in using the tools for computer
current hardware configuration is specified in system configuration. This will help and guide you to carry out a
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG. particular job in a proper manner. Once you already identify them,
you must also acquire the necessary and appropriate skills to apply
o HKEY_USERS - this branch contains certain preferences (such them in actual situations.
as colors and control panel settings) for each of the users of the This part of the module present some of the required procedures in
computer. In Windows 95/98/Me, the default branch here contains computer system configuration. Take note that you need to exert
the currently-logged in user. In Windows 2000/XP, the default extra effort in finding out some procedures which are not in this
branch here contains a template to be used for newly-added users. module. This is your chance to explore and learn through your own
experience.
o HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG - this branch points to the part of
The subsequent sections below present the various procedures in
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE appropriate for the current hardware
using Computer System Configuration Tools:
configuration.
1. Accessing and using Microsoft System Configuration
o HKEY_DYN_DATA (Windows 95/98/Me only) - this branch  Click on Start Button
points to the part of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, for use with
Windows' Plug-&-Play subsystem.  In the Search Box, type Run
 In the Run window, type msconfig, and press Enter.
3. Direct X Diagnostic: The Microsoft DirectX Diagnostic Tool
provides you with information about the DirectX API components
and drivers on your system. It enables you to test sound and
graphics output and Microsoft DirectPlay service providers. You
can use the diagnostic tool to gather information about your system
to use for diagnostic purposes.
If you are experiencing problems when running Microsoft DirectX
applications, the DirectX Diagnostic Tool can help you find the
2. Accessing and using Regedit:
source of the trouble such as incorrect versions of DirectX
components, lack of hardware acceleration, devices that are not  Click on Start Button
connected and unsigned drivers.
 In the search box, or Run window, type the following:
regedit and then press Enter.
4. Control Panel applets
The names of various applets in the Control Panel differ slightly
depending on the version of Windows installed. In Windows XP,
the icons are grouped into categories:
Appearance and Themes: Applets that control the look of
windows:
 Display
 Taskbar and Start menu
Using the Registry Editor
 Folder options The Registry Editor (regedit.exe) is included in Windows to enable
Network and Internet Connections: Applets that configure all you to view and edit the contents of the Registry. When you open
the connection types: the Registry Editor, you will see a window divided into two panes.
 Internet options The left side shows a tree with folders (see Structure of the
 Network connections Registry above), and the right side shows the contents (values) of
Add or Remove Programs: An applet to add or remove programs the currently selected folder (key).
and windows components safely  To expand a certain branch, click on the little plus sign
Sounds, Speech, and Audio Devices: Applets that control all the [+] on the left of any folder, or just double-click on the
settings for sound: folder.
 Sounds and audio devices
 Speech  To display the contents of a key (folder), just click the
 Portable media devices desired key, and look at the values listed on the right
Performance and Maintenance: Applets to find information side.
about your computer or perform maintenance:
 You can add a new key or value by selecting New from
 Administrative tools
the Edit menu.
 Power options
 Scheduled tasks  You can rename any value and almost any key with the
 System same method used to rename files; right-click on an
Printers and Other Hardware: Applets to configure devices object and click rename, or click on it twice (slowly), or
connected to your computer: just press F2 on the keyboard.
 Game controllers  Lastly, you can delete a key or value by clicking on it,
 Keyboard and pressing Delete on the keyboard, or by right-clicking
 Mouse on it, and choosing Delete.

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