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35. Majority or retake unnecessary exposure to gonads 51. Quality Control deals with performance of the equipment
results in or blood forming organs 52. - Receptor just a speed scale (Sensitivity (mR) =
36. mAs establishes the density sensitivity, 128/speed)
____ on the image, if the 53. Reducer: chemical reduction (Process provided by 2
image is not enough mAs was used chemicals)
underexposed, ______,
and vice-versa. Phenidone: more active and primarily
37. Maximum Permissible MPD was the dose of radiation that produces mid-lower portion of gray scale
dose (MPD) would be expected to produce no
significant radiation effects Hydroquinone: produces very
dense/dark areas in the image
38. The medium contrast Latitude film
film is often called 54. A Redundant record multiple copies of the data—so if
Array of one is lost not all is lost
39. Metallic replacement: uses steel wool and can recover
Inexpensive
95% of the silver in the effluent
Disk (RAID) can
40. The most common Look Up Tables (LUT) processing be used to
methods of digital 55. Sensitometer: used to produce a step wedge image on
processing are: Windowing
the film that is evaluated w/ a densitometer
41. Most Dangerous for During the first 2 weeks after 56. Skin DL= 500 mSv/year, Eyes DL= 15 mSv/year. Skin
Congenital conception
can take more radiation than eyes num-
abnormalities:
nuts.
42. MPD has been replaced Dose Limits (DL)—all unnecessary 57. Skin exposure gonad exposure or bone marrow
by radiation is avoided
is not as bad as exposure.
43. Object area, _____, is the shadow object 58. -The grid lines 5:1 grid than compared to a 16:1 grid.
proportional to... P(S-1).
are more
44. Object contrast is object density and thickness apparent on a
proportional to what? 59. -The larger the more scatter radiation is seen. More
45. Optical Jukebox: device for filing optical media body, or higher radiation + more tissue material = more
disks—connected to the image kVp, scatter radiation.
management system 60. There are two primary protective barriers - led wall
types of
shielding. secondary protective barriers- other walls
61. Underpenetrated contrast and low density, white. 73. What is % of x-ray energy converted to light
images have high conversion
efficiency?
62. What are 3 Film Recording
functions? 74. What is Exposure Many combinations of mA and time will
Display Linearity? produce the same mAs value.
ability of the machine to produce a
Storage constant level of exposure w/ various
combinations of mA and time
63. What are 2 functions:
Intensifying Screens? Absorb the radiation 75. What is Property of a material that enables it to
Fluorescence - Often referred to as Fluorescence? absorb radiation energy in one portion
phosphors because of the of the photon-energy spectrum and
fluorescent properties emit some form of energy in the form of
lower energy photons.
64. What are the 1 gray=100 rads
absorbed Dose 10 mGy=1 rad
Materials that glow
Units? 1 mGy=100 rad
76. What is Fog? Describes any density on the image that
65. What are the Keep time of exposure to radiation as
is not part of the imaging process/
Cardinal Principles (short as possible)
exposure
of Radiation
Protection? Maintain a large distance as possible 77. What is receptor Sensitivity (mR)=128/speed
b/w the source of radiation and the sensitivity?
exposed person (large as possible) 78. What is the The incidence of radiation-induced
conclusion genetic mutations from exposure
Insert shielding material b/w the
regarding levels in diagnostic radiology is 0.
radiation source and the exposed
radiation
person (cover as much as possible)
genetics?
66. What are the Capacity 79. What is the total Total: 1.5 Relative risk after 3rd trimester
Characteristics of Speed to retrieve or write files
relative risk of
digital image storage Reliability
childhood
media? Security
Leukemia after
File size (saves space)
irradiation by
Downside is computers can crash
Trimester?
or fry and if x-rays are not backed
up then all is lost 80. -When grids are the lead strips must be perfectly aligned
used, with the primary beam. (used to
67. What is a collimator 2.5 mm of Aluminum is required for
reduce scatter)
Minimum Filtration machine
81. A Wide Area computers to outside sites—Internet
68. What is a Crossover? If the film emulsion does not
Networks (WANs) is a major component of the WAN.
completely absorb the light
connects
69. What is a Used to measure the amount of
Densitometer? light passing through an exposed
film—monitors processor
performance
70. What is a Grave during pregnancy less than .5
Misconception? mSv/month, total of 5 msv for the
pregnancy
71. What is Computed Directly acquired digital radiographic
Radiography? images using a photostimulable
phosphor