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Kelas : Kimia B
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Coordination Compound
According to Jery (2010) Coordination compounds are compounds consisting
of metal atoms and ligands. The majority of ligands are organic compounds and
inorganic anions, which can provide donor atoms so that they can act as ligands.
Ligands are neutral or anionic substances. Neutral ligands, such as ammonia
(NH3),248or carbon monoxide (CO) in a free state are stable molecules, while
anionic ligands, such as Cl- or C5H5-, are stabilized only when coordinated to a
central metal atom
According to Mikhailov (2009) Coordination compounds are important for at
least three reasons. First, most of the elements in the periodic table are metals, and
almost all metals form complexes, so metal complexes are a feature of the chemistry
of more than half the elements. Second, many industrial catalysts are metal
complexes, and such catalysts are steadily becoming more important as a way to
control reactivity. For example, a mixture of a titanium complex and an
organometallic compound of aluminum is the catalyst used to produce most of the
polyethylene and polypropylene “plastic” items we use every day. Finally, transition-
metal complexes are essential in biochemistry. Examples include hemoglobin, an iron
complex that transports oxygen in our blood; cytochromes, iron complexes that
transfer electrons in our cells; and complexes of Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mo that are crucial
components of certain enzymes, the catalysts for all biological reactions.
Ligands with one binding atom are called monodentate ligands, and those with
more than one binding atom are called polydentate ligands, also called chelate
ligands. The number of atoms tied to a central atom is called a coordination number.
Combining the ligand with a metal ion as a central atom will produce a coordinating
compound or complex compound or chelate compound, called a chelate compound
because the ligand complex as chelator (having free electron pairs) grips the central
atom very strongly. Complex compounds can be formed naturally or from industrial
processes. Now we are heading to a discussion about the application of coordination
compounds in the process of treating Artherosclerosis.

Applications of Coordination Compounds

According to (cancer.org) chelation therapy is the main treatment used to treat

heavy metal poisoning. The most frequent process is by injecting ethylene diamin
tetraacetate (EDTA), a chemical that binds to heavy metals including iron, lead,
mercury, cadmium and zinc. The term "chelate" comes from the Greek "chele",
whichmeans"claw".
According to Garry (2000) general chelation therapy is a method used to
overcome heavy metal poisoning such as Hg, Cu, Pb or to reduce excess chemical
elements in the body. In this method certain organic compounds are used which can
bind metals and remove them from the human body because they are soluble in
water, the organic compound is EDTA. The compound has an atomic group with free
electron pairs, these electrons will be used in bonding with certain heavy metals.
Many organic compounds can be used as chelators used to bind heavy metals in the
body, such as EDTA (Ethylene diamin triacetate), Cryptand, Penicillamine,
Aurinetricarboxylic Acid, Desferrioxamine, DMSA (2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid)
According toRozema (2008) Chelation therapy is intravenous treatment using
liquids consisting of minerals, vitamins and specially made amino acids. Through
biochemical reactions, this liquid can also dissolve calcium ions (Ca2 +) that are
misplaced and remove these ions through urine / urine. This therapy is used to
eliminate the impact of hardening of the arteries of the arteries caused by several
factors, including the accumulation of calcium that is misplaced which can lead to
atherosclerosis. The main causes are fats (especially cholesterol) which combine with
proteins, chabohydates and metal ions (especially calcium) in a free radical chemical
reaction. Some scientific reports state that this treatment can also be used for Diabetes
Mellitus, Arteritis, high blood pressure (hypertension), rheumatic / stiff joints
(arthritis), decreased memory, decreased vision and hearing function, cold
extremities, tingling, paresthesia (morning stiffness), impotence, premature aging.
According to Smith (2006)
Chelation therapy improves health by reducing the burden of abnormal calcium
accumulation and other metals and enhancing the benefits of other minerals such as
magnesium and potassium. This happens with the entry of useful substances in the
body tissues and improvement of oxygen supply. In removing excess calcium (Ca2 +)
in the body organic compounds can be used in the form of EDTA (Ethylene Diamine
Tetra Acetate). This substance is very strong in attracting heavy metal ions (including
calcium) in the body's tissues and dissolving it, then discharging it through urine
From a medical perspective, chelation therapy is carried out by inserting EDTA
fluid into the body's blood vessels through an IV. This infusion is carried out for ± 3
hours.

Conclusion
Coordination compounds are a class of compounds that are also known as
complex compounds due to the chemistry involved with them. Transition metals have
this special property of forming coordination complexes due to high charge to mass
ratio and availability of d-orbitals. The advances in coordination chemistry has
provided various complex compounds that are used in different industries.
Application of coordination compounds in different industries such as mining &
metallurgy, medical sciences has been of great importance.
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