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Acetic acid is a weak acid with Ka = 1.86 × 10–5 and in this case cweak acid >>> Ka,
that is the equation to use is:
[H+] = K a ⋅ c weak acid = (1.86 × 10 −5 ) × 0.1 = 0.0013638 M
pH = -log[H+] = -log(0.0013638) = 2.865
Ammonia is a weak base with Kb = 1.75 × 10–5 and in this case cweak base >>> Kb,
that is the equation to use is:
[OH–] = K b ⋅ c weak base = (1.75 × 10 −5 ) × 0.1 = 0.0013229 M
pOH = -log[OH-] = -log(0.0013638) = 2.878
pH = 14.00 – pH = 14.00 – 2.878 = 11.122
4. What is the concentration (in g/dm3 units) of an ammonia solution which has a
pH of 11.100?
1
pH = 3.700, so [H+] = 10–pH = 10–3.7 = 1.9953 × 10-4 M
pK = 4.875, so Ka = 10–pK = 10–4.875 = 1.3335 × 10-5
c − [H + ]
[H + ] = K a ⋅ weak acid +
[H ]
− 1.9953 × 10 −4
cweak
1.9953 × 10 −4 = 1.3335 × 10 −5 acid
1.9953 × 10 −4
3.981 × 10 = 1.3335 × 10 (cweak acid – 1.9953 ×10-4)
-8 -5
2
[H + ]
In this case [H+] = [acetate ion], so α = = 0.127 = 12.7 %
c weak acid
7. What is the pH in a 0.010 M solution of a moderately weak acid if the Ka = 1.5
× 10–1 ?
In the case of this moderately weak acid we do not have enough difference in the
c 0.010
order of magnitude as = = 0.066 . So the following formula should
K a 1.5 × 10 −1
be used:
+ c weak acid − [H + ]
[H ] = K a ⋅
[H + ]
9. 20.00 cm3 of 0.1 M ammonia solution is titrated with 0.25 M HClO4. What is
the added volume of titrant and the pH at 75% degree of titration? (6 cm3,
8.766)
3
pOH = -log[OH–] = -log(5.83 × 10-6) = 5.234,
pH = 14.00 – pOH = 8.766
10. The concentration of a monochloro acetic acid solution is 0.001 M. What are
the pH and the degree of dissociation in this solution? Ka = 1.2×10-3
Monochloro acetic acid is a weak acid and we do not have enough difference in
the order of magnitude so the following formula should be used:
c − [H + ]
[H + ] = K a ⋅ weak acid +
[H ]
The cweak acid = 0.001 M and Ka = 1.2×10-3
0.001 − [H + ]
[H + ] = 1.2 × 10 −3 ⋅
[H + ]
[H + ] 2 + (1.2 × 10 −3 × [H + ]) - (1.2 × 10 −3 × 0.001) = 0
pH = 3.188
[H + ]
In this case [H+] = [monochloro acetate ion], so α = = 0.649 = 64.9 %
c weak acid
Results:
a)
c(acetic acid) = 0.12 mol/dm3
4
12. 10 mL of acetic acid, whose concentration is unknown is titrated with potassium
hidroxide.
a) Calculate the concentration of the acetic acid if the volume of potassium
hidroxide that is consumed up to the equivalence point is 16 mL. The
concentration of KOH is 0.075 M.
b) Calculate the pH after the addition of 10 mL of KOH.
Results:
a) c(acetic acid) = 0.12 M
13. A 10 mL sample of acetic acid with 0.1 M concentration is titrated with sodium
hidroxide. The concentration of sodium hidroxide is 0.1 M as well. Decide whether it
is right or wrong to use an indicator whose pK=3.8? Support your opinion with
calculations!
a) At first, we assume that the indicator marked the equivalence point correctly. This
would mean that the same amounts of acetic acid and sodium hidroxide are present in
the solution.
Then you should calculate the pH of this solution (which contains a weak base,
sodium acetate) to check your assumption about the indicator.
Ka = 1.86 × 10–5
1
csalt/weak base = = 0.05 M
20
K 10 −14
Kb= w = −5
= 5.376 × 10–10
K a 1.86 × 10
pH = 14.00-5.285 = 8.715 From this result you can see that at the equivalent point the
pH is 8.715, so the indicator was wrong.
n weak
[H+] = Ka acid
=
n weak base (salt )
5
1 − 0.1y
1.585 × 10–4 = 1.86 × 10–5 ×
0.1y
8.521 × 0.1y = 1 - 0.1y
0.9521y = 1
y = 1.05 mL Only this amount of sodium hidroxide is given to the acid when the
indicator signs!
So the mistake that you make by using the incorrect indicator is [(10-1.05)/10] × 100=
89.5 %
As we do not have the three orders of magnitude difference between the concentration and the
acidic ionization constant, the more complicated formula has to be used for the calculation of
the pH.
+ c weak acid − [H + ]
[H ] = K a ⋅
[H + ]
[H + ]2 = K a (c weak acid − [H + ])
[H + ]2 + ( K a × [H + ]) - ( K a × c weak acid ) = 0
+
- K a ± K a2 + 4 × (K a × c weak acid )
[H ] =
2
+
[H ] =
− 6.7 × 10 −5 ± (6.7 × 10 )
−5 2
+ 4 × 4.31547 × 10 −6
= 2.044 × 10–3 M
2
n weak 0.96615
[H+] = Ka acid
= 6.7 × 10–5 × = 2.01 × 10–4 M
n weak base (salt ) 0.3205
6
c) n(potassium benzoate) = 1.2882 mmol
1.2882 × 10 −3
c(potassium benzoate) = = 3.838 × 10–2 M
33.56
The salt, potassium benzoate is a weak base, so first the basic ionization constant
should be calculated.
Kw 10 −14
Kb= = −5
= 1.4925 × 10–10
Ka 6.7 × 10
In this case cweak base >>> Kb, that is the equation to use is:
[OH–] = K b ⋅ c weak base = (1.4925 × 10 −10 ) × 0.03838 = 2.395 × 10–6 M
pH = 14.00-5.621 = 8.379
As we have a weak base and a strong base in the system, it is the strong base, namely
the KOH solution in excess that determines the pH of the solution.
0.6441
c(KOH sol.) = = 1.597 × 10–2 M
40.34
As we do not have the three orders of magnitude difference between the concentration and the
acidic ionization constant, the more complicated formula has to be used for the calculation of
the pH.
c weak acid − [H + ]
[H + ] = K a ⋅
[H + ]
[H + ]2 = K a (c weak acid − [H + ])
7
[H + ]2 + ( K a × [H + ]) - ( K a × c weak acid ) = 0
+
- K a ± K a2 + 4 × ( K a × c weak )
[H ] = acid
+
[H ] =
− 1.77 × 10 − 4 ± (1.77 × 10 )
−4 2
(
+ 4 × 1.77 × 10 − 4 × 0.010 ) = 1.244 ×10–3 M
2
After the addition of 8.00 mL of NaOH solution, we get a basic buffer solution of
HCOONa/HCOOH.
n(formic acid) = 0.200 mmol
n(sodium formiate) = 0.800 mmol
n weak 0.200
[H+] = Ka acid
= 1.77 × 10–4× = 4.425 × 10–5 M
n weak base (salt ) 0.800
After the addition of 9.90 mL of NaOH solution, we get a basic buffer solution of
HCOONa/HCOOH.
n(formic acid) = 0.010 mmol
n(sodium formiate) = 0.990 mmol
n weak 0.01
[H+] = Ka acid
= 1.77 × 10–4× = 1.7523 × 10–6 M
n weak base (salt ) 0.990
The salt, sodium formiate is a weak base, so first the basic ionization constant should
be calculated.
Kw 10 −14
Kb= = −4
= 5.649 × 10–11
K a 1.77 × 10
n (sodiumformiate) 1
c(sodium formiate) = = = 0.0091 M
V(solution ) 110
In this case cweak base >>> Kb, that is the equation to use is:
8
[OH–] = K b ⋅ c weak base = (5.649 × 10 −11 ) × 0.0091 = 7.170 × 10–7 M
pH = 14.00-6.144 = 7.856