DIELECTRIC MATERIALS CHART — ECCOSTOCK ®

Low Loss Dielectrics & Other Common Materials

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1.00 1.00
PP

1.05 DEFINITIONS 1.05

Dielectric
A dielectric is a medium having the property
that the energy required to establish an elec-
1.1 tric field within it is recoverable, in whole or
in part, as electric energy. During energy
transfer to and from the medium, there is
some dissipation of energy in the form of
heat.
1.2
A non-magnetic dielectric material is
defined by real and imaginary compo-
nents of the
1.3
Complex Permittivity
ε* = ε’ – jε” [farads/meter]
Normalization of ε* with respect to the
1.4 Dielectric Permittivity of Free Space
εo = 10 –9/36π [farads/meter]
gives the
1.5 Complex Relative Permittivity
ε*/εo = k* = k’ – jk"
k’ and tan δ indi-
1.6 cate capability of storage of electric-
field energy and dissipative charac-
teristics for non-magnetic
dielectrics. Magnetic dielectrics are
1.7 additionally characterized by means
of µ’ and tan _m which indicate
capability of storage of magnetic-
field energy and of dissipation of
energy via magnetic phenomena.
1.8
Dielectric Constant- k’ is the relative permit-
tivity or dielectric constant. It is the quantity
generally referred to as Dielectric Constant in
the literature. It is plotted vertically on this
1.9 chart and is a dimensionless quantity since it
is relative to free space.
Dissipation Factor (D), Loss Tangent and
tan δ are identical. This is the quantity usual-
2.0 ly reported to indicate the energy loss char-
acteristic of a material. Plotted horizontally
on this chart, it is dimensionless and defined
as follows:
2.1 TeflonTM
D = tan δ = k"/k’
Loss Factor—k" is the relative loss factor. In
the literature, it is usually given as Loss
Factor. It should not be confused with SH
Dissipation Factor or Loss Tangent. Note
FPH 1.1
that the Loss Factor is the product of the
Dielectric Constant and Dissipation Factor.
Lossy Dielectric
Magnesium
Lossy dielectrics are characterized by tan δ
Carbonate
1.2
above 0.1 (approximately). They may or may FFP
not exhibit DC electrical conductivity. Dielectric
properties usually vary with frequency; in gen-
eral, the lower the specific DC resistivity, the 1.3
greater the frequency sensitivity. A frequency
response advantageous in many applications
of lossy dielectrics is increasing k’ and k" with
decreasing frequency.
1.4
Low-Loss Dielectric
Dielectrics with tan δ below 0.01 (approxi-
mately) are considered low-loss materials.
They are electrical insulators. Dielectric prop- Fir
erties show relatively little variation with fre- Plywood 1.5
quency over microwave range.
Natural Dielectric
One-component homogeneous dielectric
material. Solid natural dielectric types include 1.6
plastics, metal oxides, glasses, semiconduc-
tors (silicon, etc.) and pure single crystals
(diamond, sapphire, quartz).
Adjusted Property Dielectrics
LOK 1.7
Composite or mixture materials formulated
to specific values of dielectric constant and
loss tangent. A wide variety of dielectric
properties is available to meet design 1.8
requirements covering a k’ range of 1.02 to
35 in low-loss and lossy dielectrics.
Artificial Dielectrics
Adjusted property dielectrics containing rela- 1.9
tively conductive particles. Artificial
dielectrics are light in weight compared to
natural or other adjusted property dielectrics
at the same dielectric constant. Jet Fuel
JP-4 2.0
Fillers
Fine particle size powdered materials incorpo-
rated in a plastic dielectric to improve physi- Natural
cal properties. Mica, silica, glass and wood Rubber 2.1
flour are commonly used. (uncured)

2.2 HT0003 Polypropylene CK 2.2

DIELECTRIC CONSTANT

Butyl CTFE
2.3 Polyethlylene Rubber Flouro- 2.3
(uncured) Polymer
Styrene-
Butadiene
2.4 CPE Rubber 2.4
(25/75)

0005 Nitrile Rubber

Particle
2.5 Polystyrene LexanTM NeopreneTMGN Board 2.5
Rubber
NylonTM
Fused Fused cross-linked Zinc
3 Quartz Silica polystyrene MylarTM
Epoxy
Oxide 3
Silicone Rubber

Boron Borosilicate PyrexTM

4 Nitride Glass Glass 4
HiK
Cement
5 Mica 5
HiK
Beryllium Soda-lime Molybdenum
6 Oxide
Powder Steatite Wollastonite
Glass Sulfide 6

7 7

8 8

Magnesium Aluminum
9 Sapphire
Oxide Oxide 9

Magnesium
10 Titanate
10

HiK
15 3-15 15
HiK500
3-30
20 Properties of common materials from Tables of Dielectric Materials, Zirconia 20
Vols. IV, V, and VI and Technical Reports AFML-TR-72-39 and 74-250
Laboratory for Insulation Research, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology Measurements are 25°C and 1-10 GHz. Properties vary Titanium Pure
50 with frequency and temperature. Dioxide Water 50
(rutile) Steak

100 100

Strntium Barium
>100 Titanate Titanate >100

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LOSS TANGENT
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