NANDHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

(Autonomous)

E-ASSIGNMENT

Name : PAVITHRA.M

Year/ Branch : IV- Year/ CSE

Register Number : 15CS066

Assignment No : II

Date of Submission : 29/08/2018

Subject :MODERN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Abstract:
GSM network is the most worldwide mobile communication network nowadays. Based on the
SIEMENS MC35 GSM module, general techniques of communication with GSM network are
depicted, including the initialization of terminal equipment, sending and reading short messages
(SMS), sending SMS to group users, and the management on phonebook of SIM card,
furthermore, a flexible solution on real-time reading SMS is proposed. Finally, application cases
are given for GSM module. These can be medical databases or online hosts with devices that can
help recover and monitor patient health. Different access options are broadband network, through
medium throughput media and narrow band through GSM.
 GSM Technology Applications in Medical Services

Defining GSM

GSM technology stands for Global System for Mobiles and its foundation can be credited to Bell
Laboratories in 1970. It basically uses circuit switched system and divides each 200 kHz signal
into 8 25 kHz time slots and operates in 900 MHz, 800 MHz and 1.8GHz bands. It uses a
narrow band transmission technique- basically Time Division Access Multiplexing. The data
transfer rates vary from 64kbps to 120kbps.
Structure of GSM Network
Need for GSM in Medical Services:

Consider Two Situations:

 A person is critically injured or has fallen ill and needs to be immediately taken care of. All
he or the person accompanying him has is a mobile phone.
 A patient is discharged from the hospital and thinks of taking rest at his home, but still has to
go to the hospital for regular checkups. He may have a mobile phone and also some medical
sensor devices like health monitoring devices.
In both the situations, the only way which can provide a solution is by using the mobile
communication system. In other words using communication technologies any situation like
above can be handled just by transmitting the patient details through the communication network
and receiving them and processing them at the receiver section-either a healthcare centre or at
the doctor’s home. The doctor simply monitors the patient details and gives back the instructions
to the person(in the 1st case)so that he can at least take some precautions before finally reaching
the hospital and in the 2ndcase monitors the test results of the patient and in case of any
abnormalities, takes the next step for further treatment.
This whole situation is the telemedicine services. Telemedicine system can be used in either of
the three ways.

 Using Video conferencing, where patients sitting at one place can have direct interaction with
the health care providers and accordingly carry on the curing process.
 By using health monitoring sensors which keep updating about the health of the patient and
accordingly guide the health care providers to carry on the treatment.
 By transmitting the acquired medical data and transmit the acquired data for consultation and
processing.
For the above three ways, a wireless communication technique is used. The medical services
require many ways of getting access to stored resources. These can be medical databases or
online hosts with devices that can help recover and monitor patient health. Different access
options are broadband network, through medium throughput media and narrow band through
GSM.

Now among all these, GSM is the most widely used option owing to its immense popularity,
improved spectrum efficiency and low cost of implementation.

Advantages of GSM technology in telemedicine system

 It is more cost effective.

 GSM receivers are widely available- mobile phones and GSM modems
 It has high data transfer speed.
Basic Telemedicine System:

A basic telemedicine System consists of 4 modules:

 The Patient Unit: It collects information from the patient, sends it as an analogue signal or
converts it to the digital signal, controls the data flow and transmits the data. It basically
consists of various medical sensors like heart beat sensor, blood pressure monitor, skin
temperature monitor, spirometry sensor etc which outputs a electrical signal and sends these
 signals to the processor or a controller ( a Microcontroller or a PC) for further processing of
the signals and then transmits the results through a wireless communication network.
 Communication Network: It is used for data security and data transmission. The GSM
technology is used which uses mobile station, base substation and the network systems.
Mobile station consists of the basic mobile access point or the mobile phone and links the
mobile phones with the GSM network for communication.
 Receiver Unit/Server Side: It is basically a healthcare system where a GSM modem is
installed which receives and decodes the signals and sends them to the presentation unit.
 Presentation Unit: It is basically the processor which converts the data received into a well
defined format and stores them, so that the doctors can regularly monitor it and any feedback
to the client side can be sent via SMS from the GSM modem.
A Simple Telemedicine System

A Basic Telemedicine system can be shown in the simplified way. It consists of two units – The
transmitter unit and the receiver unit. The transmitter unit transmits the sensor input and the
receiver unit receives this input to carry on the further processing.

Given below is an example of a simple telemedicine system to monitor the heart rate of the
patient and accordingly process the data.

At the transmitter unit, the heart beat sensor (which consists of a light emitting source whose
emitted light is modulated as it passes through human blood) converts the obtained data from
human body and converts them to electrical pulses. The microcontroller receives these pulses
and processes them to calculate the heart beat rate and sends this calculated data to the health
care unit through a GSM modem. The GSM modem is interfaced to the Microcontroller using a
Max 232 IC.

At the receiving unit, the GSM modem receives the data and feeds it to the Microcontroller. The
Microcontroller accordingly analyzes the received data with the data from the PC and shows the
result on the LCD. This displayed result or status of the patient can be monitored by the medical
staff and according to the status , required treatment procedure can be started.

Practical GSM working examples in medical

 AT&T Vitality GlowCaps: These are pills bottles which simply gives a reminder to a patient
to take his/her medicines. It consists of a timer which is set for the patient’s pill taking time
and at that time sets the cap to illuminate and starts the buzzer and then calls the patient’s
mobile phone using the GSM technology. A record is made for every opening of the bottle.

 Mobisante MobiUS SP1 Ultrasound System: It consists of an mobile ultrasound probe

plugged into a smartphone and transmits the handheld ultrasounding imaging to any remote
place through GSM.
 Dexcom Seven Plus Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system: This is used for
monitoring blood glucose levels of the patients and transmitting them to the doctor. It consists
of a sensor placed beneath the skin which continuously monitors the blood glucose levels and
transmits them to the receiver( a cell phone) at frequent intervals.

Future Scope of GSM in Medical Services

In accordance with a recent survey by PricewaterhouseCoopers for the GSM Association, an

industry body which represents nearly 800 of the world’s mobile operators in 219 countries,
GSM enabled services will become a part of healthcare system by 2017, creating a global market
of 23 billion dollars.

Photo Credit:
 Structure of GSM Network by by wikimedia
 AT&T Vitality GlowCaps by GlowCaps
 Mobisante MobiUS SP1 Ultrasound System by Mobisante
 Dexcom Seven Plus Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) System by Dexcom Seven Plus