PRESIDENT OF RUSSIA

The President of the Russian Federation is the head

of state and guarantor of the Constitution

and of human and civil rights and freedoms.

The President is elected for a 6-year term

by the Russian Federation’s citizens on the basis

of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret

Vladimir Putin
ballot.

Oath of the President of Russia

“In performing my duties as the President of the Russian Federation, I pledge to respect and protect

the rights and liberties of every citizen; to observe and protect the Constitution of the Russian

Federation; to protect the sovereignty and independence, security and integrity of the state and to

serve the people faithfully.”

 Minister

Maksim Stanislavovich Oreshkin is a Russian

economist and politician who has served as the

Minister for Economic Development since 30

November 2016. Oreshkin was born on 21 July

1982 in Moscow.

Maksim Stanislavovich Oreshkin

State Secretary – Deputy

Minister

Oleg Fomichev is the State Secretary - the Deputy

Minister of Economic Development of the Russian

Federation from July 2012 - present

Oleg Fomichev
 Deputy Minister — Head of the
Federal Service for State
Registration, Cadaster and
Cartography (Rosreestr)

Victoria Abramchenko is the Deputy Minister

Head of the Federal Service for State

Registration, Cadaster and Cartography

(Rosreestr) From October 2016

Victoria Abramchenko

Deputy Minister of Economic

Development / Head of the
Federal Agency for State
Property Management.

Since April 22, 2016 – Deputy Minister of

Economic Development / Head of the Federal

Agency for State Property Management. Awarded

the "For Merit to the Fatherland, Second Class"

medal by Presidential Decree.

Dmitry Pristanskov
Government and Society
During the Soviet era the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (the R.S.F.S.R.)

was subject to a series of Soviet constitutions (1918, 1924, 1936, 1977), under which it

nominally was a sovereign socialist state within (after 1936) a federal structure. Until the

late 1980s, however, the government was dominated at all levels by the Communist Party

of the Soviet Union, which was all-powerful and whose head was the country’s de facto

leader. Indeed, in the elections that were held, there was only a single slate of candidates,

the great majority of whom were in effect chosen by the Communist Party.

From the late 1980s through 1991—the

period of Mikhail Gorbachev’s perestroika

(“restructuring”), glasnost (“openness”), and

demokratizatsiya (“democratization”) reform

policies—fundamental changes took place in

the political system and government

structures of the Soviet Union that altered

both the nature of the Soviet federal state and the status and powers of the individual republics.

In 1988 the Soviet Congress of People’s Deputies was created, and a Congress of People’s

Deputies was established in each republic. For the first time, elections to these bodies presented

voters with a choice of candidates, including noncommunists, though the Communist Party

continued to dominate the system. Thereafter, the pace of change accelerated. In June 1990 the

Congress of the Russian republic proclaimed that Russian laws took precedence over Soviet

laws, and the following year Boris Yeltsin became the republic’s first democratically elected

president. An abortive coup in August 1991 by hard-liners opposed to Gorbachev’s reforms led

to the collapse of most Soviet government organizations, the abolition of the Communist Party’s

leading role in government, and the dissolution of the party itself. Republic after republic

declared its “sovereignty,” and in December, when the Soviet Union was formally dissolved,

Russia was established as an independent country.