DATA ANALYSIS

1) Calculation Average Bearing Value

𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∓ 180

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
2

1.1) Line 2 to 3

194° 05′ 26" + 14° 05' 27" + 180

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 2 𝑡𝑜 3 = = 284° 42′ 55"
2

1.2) Line 3 to 4

284° 42′ 55" + 104° 42' 55 + 180

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 3 𝑡𝑜 4 = = 284° 42′ 55"
2

1.3) Line 4 to 1

22° 37 43" + 202° 37' 46" − 180

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 4 𝑡𝑜 1 = = 22° 37 45"
2

1.4) Line 1 to 2

102° 59′ 42" + 282° 59' 45" + 180

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 1 𝑡𝑜 2 = = 102° 59′ 44"
2

2) Bearing Error

𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 − 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔

Line 1-2 Read 102° 59′ 44"

Supposedly Read 103° 00’ 00”

Bearing Error - 16” Cumulated inside station 1, 2, 3, 4

Adjustment + 4 per Station

3) Definite Bearing and Distance Calculation

3.1) 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∓ 𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

3.1.1) 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 2 𝑡𝑜 3 = 194° 05′ 27" + 4" = 194° 05′ 31"

3.1.2) 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 3 𝑡𝑜 4 = 284° 42′ 55" + 8" = 284° 43′ 03"

3.1.3) 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 4 𝑡𝑜 1 = 22° 37′ 57" + 12" = 22° 37′ 57"

3.1.4) 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 1 𝑡𝑜 2 = 102° 59′ 44" + 8" = 103° 00 00"

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑉𝑖𝑒𝑤 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 + Backward View Distance

3.2) 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 =
2

40.4782 + 40.4837
3.2.1) 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 1 𝑡𝑜 2 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = = 40.481 𝑚
2

43.8039 + 43.8068
3.2.2) 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 2 𝑡𝑜 3 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = = 43.805 𝑚
2

46.8568 + 46.8579
3.2.3) 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 3 𝑡𝑜 4 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = = 46.857 𝑚
2

42.9995 + 42.9986
3.2.4) 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 4 𝑡𝑜 3 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = = 42.999
2
 4) Traverse Pricision (Ratio of Linear Misclosure) Calculation

1
Traverse Pricision =
Linear Misclosure
( )
Total Distance

1
=
√𝛥 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒2 + 𝛥 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒2
( )
𝑇𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

1
= = 42235.63882
√−0.0012 +0.0042
( )
174.142

5) Latitude and Departure Calculation

Stn Latitude = Distance cos 𝜽 Departure = Distance sin 𝜽

40.481 cos 103° 00’ 00” 40.481 sin 𝜃 103° 00’00”
1→2
= - 9.106 = 39.443
43.805 cos 194° 05’ 31” 43.805 sin 194° 05’31”
2 →3
= - 42.487 = - 10.666
46.857 cos 284° 43’03” 46.857 sin 284° 43’03”
3 →4
= 11.904 = - 45.320
42.999 cos 22° 37’ 57” 42.999 sin 22° 37’ 57”
4 →1
= 39.688 = 16.547
 6) Latitude and Departure Difference

Latitude/Departure Difference = Σ Latitude/Departure

Latitude Diffrence = - 9.106 - 42.487 + 11.904 + 39.688 = - 0.001

Departure Diffrence = 39.443 - 10.666 - 45.320 + 16.547 = 0.004

7) Latitude and Departure Adjustment

7.1.i ) Bowditch Rule Adjustment Method

𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 × (𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆/𝑫𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆) 𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆

Latitude / Departure Adjustment =
Station 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆

Latit Dipat

40.481 × − 0.001 40.481 × 0.004

174.142 174.142
1→2
= 0.000 = 0.001
– (9.106 – 0.000) = – 9.106 39.443 – 0.001 = 39.442
43.805 × − 0.001 43.805 × − 0.004
174.142 174.142
2 →3
= 0.000 = 0.001
– (42.487 – 0.000) = – 42.487 – (10.666 + 0.001) = – 10.667
46.857 × − 0.001 46.857 × − 0.004
174.142 174.142
3 →4
= 0.000 = 0.001
11.904 + 0.000 = 11.904 – (45.320 + 0.001) = – 45.321
46.857 × − 0.001 46.857 × − 0.004
174.142 174.142
4 →1
= 0.000 = 0.001
39.688 + 0.000 = 39.688 16.547 + 0.000 = 16.546
Latitude Check Departure Check
Σ = – 9.106 – 42.487 Σ = 39.442 – 10.667
+ 11.904 + 39.688 – 45.321 + 16.546
= – 0.001 =0
7.1.ii ) X and Y Coordinate Calculation (Using Bowditch Rule Adjusted Data)

Coordinate Equation

1st Northing Coordinate + Adjusted Latitude = 2nd Northing Coordinate

7.1.ii.a) 1st Station Coordinate = 100.00 mN , 100.100 mE

7.1.ii.b) 2nd Station Coordinate

Northing = 100.00 – 9.106 = 90.894 mN
Easting = 100.00 + 39.442 = 139.442 Me
2nd Station Coordinate = 90.894 mN , 139.442 Me

7.1.ii.c) 3Rd Station Coordinate

Northing = 90.894 – 42.486 = 48.408 mN
Easting = 139.442 – 10.666 = 128.776 Me
2nd Station Coordinate = 48.408 mN , 128.776 Me

7.1.ii.d) 4th Station Coordinate

Northing = 48.408 mN + 11.904 = 60.312 mN
Easting = 128.776 – 45.322 = 83.454 Me
2nd Station Coordinate = 60.312 mN , 83.454 mE
 7.1.iii ) Double Meridian Distance and Double Parallel Distance of Area
Calculation Method (Using Bowditch Rule Adjusted Data)

7.1.iii.a) Double Meridian Distance and Double Parallel Distance Calculation Table

Station Adjusted Adjusted

Double Meridian Distance Double Parallel Distance
Latitude Departure
1→2 – 9.106 39.442 = – 9.106 = 39.442

2 →3 – 42.487 = – 9.106 – 9.106 – 42.486 = 39.442 + 39.442 – 10.667

– 10.667
(+0.001) = – 60.698 = – 68.217

3 →4 = – 60.698 – 42.486 + 11.904 = – 68.217 – 10.667 – 45.321

11.904 – 45.321
= – 91.280 = 12.229

4 →1 = – 91.280 + 11.904 + 39.688 = 12.229 – 45.321 + 16.546

39.688 16.546
= – 39.688 = – 16.546

7.1.iii.b) Double Meridian Distance × Latitude and Double Parallel Distance × Departure
Calculation Table

Station Double Meridian Distance × Latitude Double Parallel Distance × Departure

1→2 = – 9.106 × 39.442 = 39.442 × – 9.106

= – 359.159 = – 359.159

2 →3 = – 60.698 × – 10.667 = – 68.217 × – 42.486

= 647.466 = – 2898.336

3 →4 = – 91.280 × – 45.321 = 12.229 × 11.904

= 4136.901 = – 145.574

4 →1 = – 39.688 × 16.546 = – 16.546 × 39.688

= – 656.678 = – 656678

Total Σ 3768.530 – 3768.599

 Σ(Double Meridian Distance × Latitude) + Σ(Double Parallel Distance × Departure)
2 × Area Average = 𝟐

3768.530 + 3768.599
=
2

= 3768.565 m2

2 × Area Average
Area =
2
3768.565
=
2
= 1884.283 m2
 7.2.i ) Transit Rule Adjustment Method

Latitude Adjustment = Departure Adjustment =

Station 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆 × 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆 𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑫𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 × 𝑫𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑫𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆

9.106 × − 0.001 39.443 × 0.004

103.185 111.976
1→2
= 0.000 = 0.001
– (9.106 – 0.000) = – 9.106 39.443 – 0.001 = 39.442
42.487 × − 0.001 10.666 × − 0.004
103.185 111.976
2 →3
= 0.000 = 0.000
– (42.487 – 0.000) = – 42.487 – (10.666 + 0.000) = – 10.666
11.904 × − 0.001 45.320 × − 0.004
103.185 111.976
3 →4
= 0.000 = 0.002
11.904 + 0.000 = 11.904 – (45.320 + 0.002) = – 45.322
39.688 × − 0.001 46.857 × − 0.004
103.185 111.976
4 →1
= 0.000 = 0.001
39.688 + 0.000 = 39.688 16.547 + 0.000 = 16.546
Latitude Check Departure Check
Σ = – 9.106 – 42.487 Σ = 39.442 – 10.667
+ 11.904 + 39.688 – 45.321 + 16.546
= – 0.001 =0
7.2.ii ) X and Y Coordinate Calculation (Using Transit Rule Adjusted Data)

Coordinate Equation

1st Northing Coordinate + Adjusted Latitude = 2nd Northing Coordinate

7.2.ii.a) 1st Station Coordinate = 100.00 mN , 100.100 mE

7.2.ii.b) 2nd Station Coordinate

Northing = 100.00 – 9.106 = 90.894 mN

Easting = 100.00 + 39.442 = 139.442 mE
2nd Station Coordinate = 90.894 mN , 139.442 mE

7.2.ii.c) 3Rd Station Coordinate

Northing = 90.894 – 42.486 = 48.408 mN

Easting = 139.442 – 10.666 = 128.776 mE

2nd Station Coordinate = 48.408 mN , 128.776 mE

7.2.ii.b) 4th Station Coordinate

Northing = 48.408 mN + 11.904 = 60.312 mN

Easting = 128.776 – 45.322 = 83.454 Me
2nd Station Coordinate = 60.312 mN , 83.454 mE
 7.2.iii ) Double Meridian Distance and Double Parallel Distance of Area
Calculation Method (Using Transit Rule Adjusted Data)

7.1.iii.a) Double Meridian Distance and Double Parallel Distance Calculation Table

Station Adjusted Adjusted

Double Meridian Distance Double Parallel Distance
Latitude Departure
1→2 – 9.106 39.442 = – 9.106 = 39.442

2 →3 – 42.487 = – 9.106 – 9.106 – 42.486 = 39.442 + 39.442 – 10.666

– 10.667
(+0.001) = – 60.698 = – 68.218

3 →4 = – 60.698 – 42.486 + 11.904 = – 68.218 – 10.666 – 45.322

11.904 – 45.321
= – 91.280 = 12.230

4 →1 = – 91.280 + 11.904 + 39.688 = 12.230 – 45.322 + 16.546

39.688 16.546
= – 39.688 = – 16.546

7.2.iii.b) Double Meridian Distance × Latitude and Double Parallel Distance × Departure
Calculation Table

Station Double Meridian Distance × Latitude Double Parallel Distance × Departure

1→2 = – 9.106 × 39.442 = 39.442 × – 9.106

= – 359.159 = – 359.159

2 →3 = – 60.698 × – 10.666 = – 68.218 × – 42.487

= 647.405 = – 2898.310

3 →4 = – 91.280 × – 45.322 = 12.230 × 11.904

= 4136.992 = – 145.586

4 →1 = – 39.688 × 16.546 = – 16.546 × 39.688

= – 656.678 = – 656678

Total Σ 3768.560 – 3768.560

 Σ(Double Meridian Distance × Latitude) + Σ(Double Parallel Distance × Departure)
2 × Area Average = 𝟐

3768.560 + 3768.560
=
2

= 3768.560 m2

2 × Area Average
Area =
2
3768.560
=
2
= 1884.280 m2

8) Calculate Area Using The Coordinate Method (Transit Adjustment Data)

Σ (𝑦 × 𝑥) = 100 × 139.442 + 90.894 × 128.776 + 48.408 × 83.454 + 60.312 × 100

= 35720.20698

Σ (𝑥 × 𝑦) = 100 × 90.894 + 139.442 × 48.408 + 128.776 × 60.312 + 83.454 × 100

= 31951.64645

𝛴(𝑦×𝑥) − 𝛴(𝑥×𝑦)
Area =
2

35720.20698 − 31951.64645
= = 1184.280266 m2
2