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Confidence interval:
The mean of female employees minus male employees equals 0.0571
95% confidence interval of this difference: From -0.1007 to 0.2150
Learn more:
GraphPad's web site includes portions of the manual for GraphPad Prism that can help you learn
statistics. First, review the meaning of P values and confidence intervals . Then learn how to
interpret results from an unpaired or paired t test. These links include GraphPad's popular analysis
checklists .
Content
Confidence interval:
The mean of female employees minus male employees equals 0.1712
95% confidence interval of this difference: From 0.0048 to 0.3377
Learn more:
GraphPad's web site includes portions of the manual for GraphPad Prism that can help you learn
statistics. First, review the meaning of P values and confidence intervals . Then learn how to
interpret results from an unpaired or paired t test. These links include GraphPad's popular analysis
checklists .
Language
Confidence interval:
The mean of female employees minus male employees equals 0.1220
95% confidence interval of this difference: From -0.0371 to 0.2811
Learn more:
GraphPad's web site includes portions of the manual for GraphPad Prism that can help you learn
statistics. First, review the meaning of P values and confidence intervals . Then learn how to
interpret results from an unpaired or paired t test. These links include GraphPad's popular analysis
checklists .
Evaluation
Learn more:
GraphPad's web site includes portions of the manual for GraphPad Prism that can help you learn
statistics. First, review the meaning of P values and confidence intervals . Then learn how to
interpret results from an unpaired or paired t test. These links include GraphPad's popular analysis
checklists .
What does the t-value and two-tailed P-value tell me and how do they
compare to each other? Is this information "significant" enough to
say that variable 2 came from the same family as variable 1?
Here is my data:
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 0.562 0.09152
Variance 0.00097 0.003081962
Observations 5 5
Pooled Variance 0.002025981
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 8
t Stat 16.52697943
P(T<=t) one-tail 9.06766E-08
t Critical one-tail 1.85954832
P(T<=t) two-tail 1.81353E-07
t Critical two-tail 2.306005626
Hi Matt,
A t-test tells you the probability that two sets of values come from
different groups. Using a one-tailed P-value assumes you already know
before you even see the values which group should be larger and which
should be smaller. Since this is usually not true, you should almost
always use a two-tailed test.
Let's say, for example, that I have the following hypothesis: "The
average age of trees in Yellowstone National Park is significantly
different than the average age of trees in Yosemite National Park."
How would I test that (let's assume that I have a way to accurately
determine the age of a tree without cutting it down)? I don't have
the resources to check the ages of all the trees in each park, so I
will take a small random sample from each park and then use a t-test
to compare them.
A two-tailed P-value of 0.6, for example, would mean that there is a
0.6 (or 60%) chance that the two sets of values come from the same
group. In other words, there is a 60% chance that the average age of
the trees in each park is the same, and that whatever difference I
may have seen in my random sample can be explained by the fact that I
only sampled a small portion of the trees. If I got a P-value of
0.6, I would say that there is no significant difference between the
ages of the two populations.
A two-tailed P-value of 0.1 would mean that there is a 0.1 (or 10%
chance) that the two sets come from the same group. In this case,
there is a pretty good chance that the ages of the two populations is
different. However, in order to be on the safe side, it is
traditional in science to say that a P-value of 0.1 is NOT
significant. Why? Because if 0.1 were considered significant, then
10% of all scientific findings would be false. So even if I got a P-
value of 0.1, I couldn't say anything for sure, the most I could say
is that more study is probably required.
(If I were you, I'd go back and recheck that you entered all the
values correctly, since this difference is much more significant than
one usually gets with only 5 samples in each set; but if you did, then
congratulations: you have found a big effect of whatever you were
testing!)