GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11

▪ There are several types of functions.

a. Linear Function
b. Quadratic Function
c. Constant Function
d. Identity Function
e. Absolute Value Function
f. Piecewise Function
g. One-to-One Function
▪ A function f is a linear function if f(x) = mx +
b where m and b are real numbers and m
and f(x) are not both equal to zero.
▪ Note that the domain and the range of a
linear function is always the set of all real
numbers.
▪ Formulas needed for the linear function:
𝒚𝟐 −𝒚𝟏
A. Finding the slope: 𝒎 =
𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟏
B. Point – slope form of the equation: y – y1 =
m (x – x1)
▪ The profit of a seller for a particular brand
X is shown below as a table:
QUANTITY OF BRAND X BEING SOLD PROFIT
400 Php 2,020.00
420 Php 2,120.00
450 Php 2,270.00
480 Php 2,420.00
500 Php 2,520.00

▪ Identify the equation being used in getting the

profit for a particular quantity of brand X.
▪ First, get the slope of the table. Use the first
two rows for getting the slope. Let x be the
quantity of brand X and y be the profit of the
seller for brand X. Thus,
𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏
▪ 𝒎 = 𝒙 −𝒙
𝟐 𝟏
𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟎
𝒎=
𝟒𝟐𝟎 − 𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒎=
𝟐𝟎
𝒎 = 𝟓.
▪ Second, solve for the equation of the function
using the point-slope form.

y – y1 = m (x – x1)
y – 2020 = 5 (x – 400)
y - 2020 = 5x – 2000
y = 5x – 2000 + 2020
y = 5x + 20
▪ Therefore, the equation of the function is
y = 5x + 20.
▪ A quadratic function is any equation of the
form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c where a, b and c are
elements of real numbers and a ≠ 0.
▪ Note that the domain of the quadratic
function is always the set of real numbers.
However, the range varies whether the
parabola opens upward or downward.
▪ The graph of any quadratic function is a
parabola.
▪ A parabola has a line of symmetry. This
means that part of the parabola on one side
of the line is a reflection of the part on the
other side.
▪ The point where the line of symmetry
crosses the parabola is called the vertex.
Line of Symmetry

Vertex
▪ • If the coefficient of x2 is positive, the
parabola opens upward. If the coefficient of x2
is negative, the graph opens downward.
▪ • The vertex of the parabola is the minimum
point of the graph if it opens upward and is the
maximum point of the graph if it opens
downward.
▪ • The vertical line passing through the vertex
is the axis of symmetry which divides the
parabola into two symmetric parts.
▪ The range of a quadratic function differs
depending on the opening of its parabola.
▪ If the parabola opens upward, then the
range is {y|y>k}. If the parabola opens
downward, then the range is {y|y<k}.
▪ To solve for the value of k, use the formula
𝟒𝒂𝒄 − 𝒃𝟐
k= .
𝟒𝒂
 ▪ f(x) = a (x-h)2 + k

Where a ≠ 0 and (h,k) is the vertex of the

parabola.
Example: Rewrite the function y = 2(x-3)2 + 5 in standard
form.
Solution: Note that we will transform the function from y =
a(x-h)2 + k to y = ax2 + bx + c.

Now,
y =2(x-3)2 + 5
y = 2 (x2 – 6x + 9) +5
y = 2x2 – 12x + 18 +5
y = 2x2 – 12x + 23.
- A linear function f is a constant function is f(x) =
mx + b where m = 0 and b is any real number.
Thus, f(x) = b.
Sketch of the Graph of the Constant Function:
- A linear function f is an identity function if f(x) =
mx +b where m = 1 and b = 0. Thus, f(x) = x.
Sketch of the Graph of an Identity Function:
- The function f is an absolute value function if for
all real numbers x,
𝑥, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑓 𝑥 =
−𝑥, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≤ 0
- Note that the domain of the absolute value
functions is always the set of all real numbers,
while the range is the set of all real numbers from
zero to infinity.