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REVISION EXERCISES-2

1. What are the two main limitations of penetrant testing method?

2. Write down some of non-porous non metallic materials?

3. Define “Dwell time”.

4. What will be the behaviour of a penetrant with poor wet ability on test surface?

5. What are the characteristics of good penetrant that is to be chosen for liquid penetrant
inspection?

6. How the low viscosity penetrant affects the penetration of the penetrant into the
discontinuities?

7. Why high viscosity penetrants are not used?

8. What is bleed out?

9. Name the penetrant material which helps the penetrant in a discontinuity to come up
to the surface to form indication.

10. What is desirable surface tension and capillarity of liquid penetrants used in NDT?

11. Which action is associated in the bleed out process?

12. Name the cleaning methods that are used for pre cleaning of a part contaminated with
solid materials.

13. Name various contaminants that have to be removed before the liquid penetrant
inspection.

14. How the drying of pre cleaned parts may be accomplished during liquid penetrant
inspection?

15. What should be maximum temperature of the part before applying penetrant?
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16. Why a penetrant must have high solvent ability?

17. Which penetrant material is capable of dissolving the dye at ambient temperature and
retaining them in solution at low temperatures?

18. List the desirable characteristics of the carrier liquids used in making the penetrant.

19. Which property of the carrier liquid in liquid penetrant makes it a strong dispersive
agent?

20. What is an emulsifier?

21. List different types of emulsifier.

22. What is the ratio between development time for dry powder developer to the
penetration time?

23. Define absorption and adsorption.

24. Enlist the phenomenon which are responsible for the formation of an indication in
case of non-aqueous wet and film type developer.

25. Is suspension type wet developer soluble in water?

26. What is used in non-aqueous developers to minimize corrosion attacks on test objects
and penetrants processing equipment?

27. Which type of developer is insoluble in water?

28. Which type of developer is usually used with visible dye penetrant?

29. Classify liquid penetrants in terms of their tracer dyes.

30. If we compare fluorescent penetrant and visible dye penetrant in terms of their
sensitivity then which is more sensitive?

31. What other name is used for black light in liquid penetrant testing?
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32. What is the recommended wavelength of black light for liquid penetrant testing?

33. What is the recommended intensity of black light on the surface of test piece and
what is the recommended period for checking its intensity?

34. What is minimum warm up time for UV light?

35. During the fluorescent penetrant testing process at which two steps the black light is
used?

36. In what types of solvents, test objects are immersed and soaked during solvent
cleaning?

37. Write down the names of some of organic solvents used in solvent cleaning.

38. What happens to the solvent when it is continually used in a tank?

39. What are the functions of emulsifier?

40. Describe the basic action of Lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifiers?

41. Enlist the factors on which emulsification time of an emulsifier depends.

42. How test objects are dried after solvent cleaning?

43. Write down the methods of application of dry developer.

44. Enlist the constituents of a typical aqueous suspendible developer.

45. Why dispersive and wetting agents are used in the developer?

46. Which type of wet developer is the most sensitive?

47. How a penetrant with good wet ability will spread on the part surface?

48. List the parameters which determine the selection of a particular penetrant inspection
procedure.
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49. List the desirable characteristics or properties of a liquid penetrant.

50. List the characteristics of dry powder developers.

51. Name the constituents of typical aqueous wet developers.

52. Name at least three characteristics of non aqueous developer particles.

53. How the aqueous developer differs from dry and other non aqueous developers.

54. Name at least three materials that are used for making developer particles.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS(CH-2)

1. Which of the following defects can be detected by liquid penetrant testing?

a. Cracks
b. Internal slag
c. Seams
d. Both (a) & (c)
2. Which of the following is not a desirable property of the penetrant?
a. High penetrativeness
b. Easy removability
c. Low contrast
d. All of the above
3. Wettability of the penetrant essentially describes:
a. The ability of the penetrant materials to wet the surface of the test piece.
b. Measure of its internal resistance to flow
c. The action of the entrapped penetrant in spreading out from surface
discontinuities to form an indication
d. All of the above
4. Prior to the application of the penetrant parts temperature should not exceed:
a. 125 ºC
b. 62 ºF
c. 52ºF
d. 125ºF
e. Both (a) & (c)
5. The penetrant must have:
a. High solvent ability
b. Capability of dissolving the dyes at ambient temperature
c. Ability to retain dyes in solution at possible low temperature during storage
or transportation
d. All of the above
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6. The ability to distribute the dye evenly and completely over the surface to be
inspected, and carry it to any defects present on the test surface is property of:
a. Emulsifier
b. Solvents
c. Dispersive agents
d. None of the above
7. Ultraviolet radiation is commonly measured in:
a. Lux
b. microwatt per square centimetre
c. microwatt per centimetre
d. Both (a) & (b)
8. Slow acting emulsifiers have the viscosity of :
a. 30 to 50mm2/s
b. 60 to 100mm2/s
c. 30 to 50 centistokes
d. Both (a) & (c)