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1.1 INTRODUCTION
8 wells consisting of 6 producers and 2 vertical injector were to be completed using _____.
The water alternating gas injection are not required at the early stages. The total estimated reserves
are 300MM stb of oil. With only producing 120 MM stb with natural drive and after 10 years of
producing, we will start implementing the secondary recovery to recover the other 180 MM stb of
oil.
The development platform stages need to take a few considerations that is the facilities
required at the surface also the environment factor of the field and platform for the safety of
workers and structure. There are 3 options that technically can be commercialize and viable;
that is fixed jacket platform and tied in host CPP, tension legged platform (TLP) and FSO and
satellite platforms with Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO). With the
production span of C-11 Rx 2.80 is 20 years, to rent the FSPO is not really one of feasible and
economically options, besides C-11 Rx 2.80 field is only 80m depth and the weather is not too
brutal. Moreover, with the used of Satellite Platforms as one of the platform for the field, it
will increased the Capital Expenditure compare to when we used the Jacket Platform. On the
other hand, the second option is Tension Leg Platform (TLP) is suitable for oil and gas
production from 2000 to 5000 ft water depths which is this is for deep water capabilities. Again,
it is not economically suitable for our 80 m which is only 262 ft. Both of the options are going
to affect the CAPEX and OPEX that later will also affect the revenue of this field development
project.
The last option that is jacket platform will offer a better stability and more economically
and feasible compare to FSPO and TLP. The jacket platform with 6 steel framed tubular
structured attached to the sea bed with piles. The jacket platform can be last up to 25 years ,
also it can support a large of deck loads, large number of wells and even it will gives only a
little effect from seafloor scour. With jacket platform, in term of economy aspect, this are by
far the most suitable platform for C-11 Rx 2.80 field. Pipeline is to be developed to transport
the produced crude oil at the Champion-7 as the Central Processing Platform.
C-11 Rx 2.80 shows a high potential of producing large volume of hydrocarbon and
expected solids when water is produced. Thus, the selection of facilities, separation process and
the equipment, gas handling and other waste handling need to be put into consideration.
header, separation or processing headers. A multiphase flow meter (MPFM) will be used in order
1.3.2 Wellhead
Wellhead system controls the pressure and provide access to the main bore of casing or
tubing or annulus. This controlling pressure system enables the drilling and completion activities
to be conducted in safely manner with a minimal environmental risk. At C-11 Rx 2.80, a Conductor
Sharing Wellhead (CSW) technology will be used, and this technology was identified by Brunei
Shell Petroleum (BSP) as one of the key to reduce the cost of development offshore fields at
Brunei. CSW technology system enable to drill up to 3 dual completion wells from a single slot
and could reduce up to 20% of individual well cost as stated by Schlumberger in the article entitled
‘CSW Conductor-Sharing Wellhead System’. Also, this technology could reduce the platform size
which also could lead for more added savings in the development cost. This CSW system is a time
saver, by means a time saver is reducing the wellhead and blowout-preventer (BOP) installation
requirements. With a total of 8 wells, C-11 Rx 2.80 will construct 3 CSW. Fluid from individual
wells will flow through the Xmas tree, to the production manifolds and direct to the tie-host CPP,
and weight requirement, the phase of choosing the type of flow meter used at C-11 Rx 2.80 is one
of the crucial stage. The responsibility to reduce the CAPEX by installing a compact metering are
balanced by operational factors such as the reliability of the flow meter itself and OPEX. Thus, a
Multiphase Flow Meter (MPFM) is used for the well testing and for the purpose of measuring the
flow meter of hydrocarbon. A MPFM gives a lot more advantageous compare with the
conventional technologies such as the turbine meter or positive displacement meter. MPFM
provide a real time measurement also it visualize the flow regimes and behavior that would be
invisible to separator. In fact, it reduces cost in term of the operating and maintenance expenses.
A 3-phase horizontal separator will be used at Champion-7 (CPP) where the hydrocarbon
will flow from the production platform via manifolds. The separator consists of vessel, oil-flow
measuring system with dual meters, a flow-measuring system for gas and valves to protect the
separator if there is any overpressure happen in the separator. With using 2x100, one separator will
be working and the other one is in standby mode. The separator will separate oil, gas and water.
The water will flow through the water treatment facilities that later will be explained in the ____
section. The water then will be used for water injection process. Effluent gas from the separator
some will be flare and used for power up the turbine (for electrical power usage). Due to low
production of gas, thus it is not feasible to process the gas into saleable products. After 10 years
of producing, some of the separated gas then will be used for injection purpose.
expected recovery is only 120 MM STB produced naturally (due to differential pressure). The
remaining 180 MM STB need to be extracted by Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) method which is
the water alternating gas what going to be apply at C-11 Rx 2.80. The advantage of this EOR
method is the combination of water and gas injection alternating each other provides a better
displacement efficiency of gas flooding with macroscopic sweep efficiency due to water injection.
This also avoid the fingering effect to occur during EOR being carry in the process.
The electric power generation and distribution system will be provide electrical power for
the drilling operations and facilities on the platform with provision for future installed equipment.
2 x SGT 400 Gas Turbine Generators were installed with a twin shaft design that the generators
used less starting power requirements, excellent speed and turndown characteristics, also a good
part-load efficiency. Thus, 2 x 400 SGT GTGs are the suitable power generation for C-11 Rx 2.80
with a configuration 2 units, 1 unit on standby basis and the GTGs can power up to 14.5 MW
depends on the ambient temperature. Other than that, the rotors contained in heavy-duty casing in
horizontal and vertical split, where it support the maintenance to be carry on site. This gas turbines
equipped with Dry Low Emission (DLE) combustion system which achieves low Nox emissions.
Drain system are important to allow equipment to be drained, opened, inspected and
repaired. For C-11 Rx 2.80, Open Hazardous area Drain system, OHD (where expected contents
are oil, some gas produced, and water) will be install. All enclosed modules will have a liquid seal
traps in drain headers to prevent the possible of vapor communication between areas through the
non-hazardous open drains system. OHD lines converge into headers then flow to Open Drain
Caisson. Water will be disposed into sea and oil will be skim and pump into Closed Drain Vessel.
A Level Transmitter will be installed at the Open Drain Caisson to ensure that the water level and
For Utility Services Drain System, C-11 Rx 2.80 will be install with Helideck Drains to
collect the rainwater in gullies and drained overboard. The Helideck Drain will be fitted with fire
Flaring system is needed at C-11 Rx 2.80 as initial stage production of hydrocarbon, the
gas produced will not be needed and it is not feasible to process the gas into saleable product.
Thus, flaring is the only alternative. After 10 years of producing the gas will be process to be used
for Water Alternating Gas Injection (WAG). Flaring system will burn all the unwanted and excess
gas during normal or as a safety devices if there is any unplanned over-pressuring operations at C-
11 Rx 2.80. Type of flare used are the Single Point Orifice Sonic flares where it will dispose of
high pressure waste gas streams with high smokeless capacities. It will be positioned vertically
and inclined on the end of flare boom in order to direct the flame away from the operating platform.