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a) Osteoid osteoma
b) Chondromyxoid fibroma
c) Solitary bone cyst
d) Giant cell tumor
e) Non-ossifying fibroma
a) Osteoid osteoma
b) Chondromyxoid fibroma
c) Giant cell tumor
d) Chondroblastoma
e) Non-ossifying fibroma
3. Which of the following bone tumors commonly arises from the surface of
a) Ewing’s tumor
b) Periosteal osteosarcoma
c) Parosteal osteosarcoma \\\\\\
d) Giant cell tumor
e) Periosteal chondroma
process:
a) Permeative
b) Moth-eaten
c) Geographic with a sclerotic rim ////////
d) Cortical erosion with cortical thickening
e) Large lytic focus with ill-defined margin
a) Radius
b) Ulna
c) Femur
d) Tibia///////
e) Fibula
a) Femur
b) Tibia///////
c) Fibula
d) Radius
e) Ulna
7. The most common soft tissue sarcoma of the foot and ankle is:
8. The most common soft tissue sarcoma of the upper extremity is:
a) Moderate(T1) / Low(T2)
b) Low(T1) / Low(T2)
c) High(T1) / High(T2)
d) Low(T1) / High(T2) /////////////////
e) High(T1) / Moderate(T2)
a) Moderate(T1) / Low(T2)
b) Low(T1) / Low(T2)
c) High(T1) / High(T2)
d) Low(T1) / High(T2)
e) High(T1) / Moderate(T2)/////////////
a) Moderate(T1) / Low(T2)
b) Low(T1) / Low(T2)
c) High(T1) / High(T2)
d) Low(T1) / High(T2) //////////////
e) High(T1) / Moderate(T2)
following joints:
a) Hip
b) Knee////////////////
c) Shoulder
d) Elbow
e) Ankle
13. To which of the following organs do soft tissue sarcomas most commonly
metastasize:
a) Brain
b) Lungs ////////////
c) Adrenals
d) Other bones
e) Kidneys
14. In the adult, the notochord forms which of the following structures:
a) Vertebral body
b) Vertebral pedicles
c) Vertebral lamina
d) Vertebral spinous processes
e) Nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral discs /////////////
a) Cervical vertebra
b) Thoracic vertebra
c) Lumbar vertebra
d) Sacrococcygeal region ///////////////////
e) Spheno-occipital region
a) Type I collagen
b) Type III collagen
c) Aggregan
d) Elastin////////////////
e) Platelet derived growth factor
a) Water /////////////////
b) Collagen
c) Proteoglycan
d) Elastin
e) Link protein
a) Chondrocyte
b) Osteoblast
c) Fibroblast //////////////////////
d) Histiocyte
e) Synovial lining cells
20. Which of the following statements concerning the medial and lateral
menisci is correct:
a) Type I////////////
b) Type II
c) Type VI
d) Type IX
e) Type X
23. Bone bruises, or occult osteochondral injury, occur in up to 80% of
a) Relaxation
b) Creep ///////////////////
c) Stretching
d) Corrosion
e) Fretting
concentration of proteoglycan:
articular cartilage:
a) Type I
b) Type II //////////////////////
c) Type IV
d) Type IX
e) Type X
a) Autosomal recessive
b) Autosomal dominant ////////////////
c) X-linked recessive
d) X-linked dominant
e) Almost always a spontaneous mutation
island:
shear stress?
hyperparathyroidism?
a) Bone pain
b) Brown tumors
c) Pathologic fractures
d) Renal stones
e) All of the above ///////////////
33. During fracture repair systemic as well as local factors come into
healing?
conditions?
situation?
a) Adhesive wear
b) Fatigue
c) Third body////////////////
d) Corrosive wear
e) Fretting
a biomaterial?
a) Bone is isotropic//////////////////////
b) Bone is viscoelastic
c) Bone's strength and elastic modulus are approximately proportional to the square of
its density
d) Bone is a composite
e) Bone remodels its structure to maintain overall resistance to loading while the
material itself weakens
37. Of the four phases of fracture repair when fixation of any variety is
a) Primary response
b) Extramedullary callus formation//////////////////
c) Intramedullary callus formation
d) Primal osteonal response
e) All of the above
38. Which of the following individuals has the highest dietary calcium
requirement?
following except:
42. Which of the following describes the sequence in which motor and
45. Which of the following collagen types accounts for 10% to 20% of the
a) Type I
b) Type II /////////////////
c) Type V
d) Type IX
e) Type XI
46. The affinity of articular cartilage for water is most related to which
a) Type II collagen
b) Type I collagen
c) Hydrophilic nature of the proteoglycans ///////////////
d) Link protein
e) Fibronectin
two zones:
water content:
a) Type I
b) Type III
c) Type IX
d) Type XI ///////////////////
e) Type XII
articular cartilage:
a) Keratan sulfate
b) Chondroitin sulfate /////////////////////////
c) Hyaluronate
d) Dermatan sulfate
e) Fibromodulin
52. Adult articular cartilage receives its nutrition through which of the
following mechanisms:
53. Which of the following statements is true concerning the changes seen
54. Which of the following two components account for the biphasic
behavior of cartilage:
imperfecta. Which of the following factors has a genetic mutation that has
a) 5%
b) 10% /////////////////////////
c) 20%
d) 25%
e) 30%
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 40%
e) 50% to 90%////////////////////
sialoprotein:
a) Osteocytes
b) Osteoblasts //////////////////////
c) Mast cells
d) Osteoclasts
e) Fibroblasts
collagen:
a) Type I ////////////////////////
b) Type II
c) Type VI
d) Type IX
e) Type X
62. Osteoclasts bind to the bone surface through which of the following
proteins:
a) Osteocytes
b) Osteoblasts//////////////////
c) Osteoclasts
d) Mast cells
e) Platelets
64. Which of the following cells have receptors for the hormone estrogen:
a) Osteoclasts
b) Osteocytes
c) Lymphocytes
d) Osteoblasts/////////////////
e) Mast cells
a) 5% to 8% /////////////////////
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 40%
e) 50%
a) Type I ////////////////
b) Type I and II
c) Type I, II, VI, and XI
d) Type IX and X
e) Type X
67. Cortical bone remodeling per year in a healthy older adult is typically:
a) 2% to 5% ////////////////
b) 10%
c) 20%
d) 305
e) 50%
68. The periosteal vessels supply what portion of the cortical bone blood
circulation:
a) Stomach
b) Small intestine///////////////////
c) Large intestine
d) Liver
e) Parathyroid glands
70. Approximately how many hours of sunlight are necessary to produce the
a) 1 hour ////////////////////
b) 2 hour
c) 4 hour
d) 6 hour
e) 81 hour
a) Liver ////////////////////////
b) Kidney
c) Thyroid
d) Parathyroid hormone
e) Small intestine
72. Which of the following serum levels is the best indicator of body
a) 7-dehydrocholesterol
b) 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D
c) 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 //////////////////////
d) 21,25 dihydroxyvitamin D
e) Parathyroid hormone levels
73. At which of the following sites is 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 converted
a) Skin
b) Liver
c) Kidney//////////////
d) Parathyroid hormone
e) Small intestine
a) Caisson disease
b) Gaucher disease //////////////////
c) Renal transplantation
d) Pancreatitis
e) Chronic corticosteroid administration
a) Osteocytes only
b) Osteoblasts and osteocytes only
c) Osteoblasts, osteocytes, hematopoietic cells, capillary endothelial cells, and
lipocytes ///////////////
d) Osteoblasts and osteoclasts only
e) Osteoblasts only
77. A 4-year-old child injures his elbow and presents with swelling and
posterior fat pad. You tell the parents that this most likely represents:
a) L1
b) L2
c) L3
d) L4 /////////////
e) L5
a) L1
b) L2
c) L3
d) L4///////////////////////
e) L5
80. The skin on the medial aspect of the leg and great toe is innervated
a) L2
b) L3
c) L4 ///////////////////////
d) L5
e) S1
a) L1
b) L2
c) L3
d) L4
e) L5 /////////////////
82. The extensor digitorum longus and brevis muscles are primarily
a) L1
b) L2
c) L3
d) L4
e) L5 /////////////////
a) L1
b) L2
c) L3
d) L4
e) L5 ///////////////
85. The skin on the lateral aspect of the leg and the dorsum of the foot
between the second and fourth toes is innervated by which of the following
nerve roots:
a) L1
b) L2
c) L3
d) L4
e) L5 ////////////////////////////
86. The peroneus longus and brevis muscles are innervated by which of the
a) L3
b) L4
c) L5
d) S1///////////////
e) S2
a) L4
b) L5
c) S1////////////////////
d) S2
e) S3
88. Which of the following groups of nerve roots innervate the intrinsic
roots:
90. Which of the following sensory segmental levels corresponds with the
nipple line:
a) T2
b) T4////////////////
c) T7
d) T10
e) T12
a) T2
b) T4
c) T7 ////////////////////
d) T10
e) T12
92. The skin over the umbilicus is innervated by which of the following
a) T2
b) T4
c) T7
d) T10 ////////////////////
e) T12
93. The skin over the groin is innervated by which of the following
a) T2
b) T4
c) T7
d) T10
e) T12//////////////////////
94. In which of the following groups of patients should fluoroquinolones
a) Young women
b) Children ///////////////////////
c) Diabetic patients
d) Elderly patients
e) Patients with sickle cell anemia
a) Osteomalacia
b) Osteoporosis
c) Joint laxity
d) Tendon ruptures /////////////////
e) Parethesias
a) 1,000
b) 5,000
c) 10,000
d) 30,000 //////////////
e) 10,0000
resorption:
a) Serum alkaline phosphatase
b) Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase
c) Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
d) Osteocalcin
e) Urine N-telopeptide, pyridinoline, and deoxypyridinoline//////////
a) Humerus
b) Spine
c) Femur
d) Hands and feet///////////
e) Pelvis
be:
a) 0.3% to 0.5%
b) 2% to 3% //////////////////////
c) 5% to 10%
d) 10% to 15%
e) 15% to 20%
mechanisms:
Health Organization:
osteoporosis:
osteoporosis: