LSC™ Elements
Introduction
Lining stress controllers (LSC™) have
been developed as special supporting
measure for highly squeezing ground
conditions. The primary tunnel lining
is divided into several segments by
longitudinal construction joints.
The purpose of this segmentation is
the ability to absorb large deformations
occurring during tunnel driving in weak
ground.
LSC™ steel elements are installed into
these deformation joints. The elements
have a defined workload during
compression so the primary lining is not
damaged.
DSI Underground has long-time
experience in the application of
LSC™ elements, which have been
successfully used for many projects.
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Main Advantages
■■ Maintenance of supporting forces and
optimum utilization of the load-bearing
capacity of the primary lining
■■ Controlled stress release and
deformability
■■ Steady increase of support resistance
while undergoing large deformations
■■ Rapid increase of support resistance
in slowly increasing deformations
■■ Avoidance of excessive tunnel liner
overstressing
■■ Custom-specific adaptation of the
deformation characteristics of
LSC™ elements in accordance with
project requirements
■■ The most effective lining stress
controller currently used in Tunneling
System Description
Compared to the strength of the primary
lining, the load-bearing resistance of
LSC™ elements is dimensioned at a
lower level. Thus, large deformations
can be absorbed by LSC™ elements
before the tunnel lining is damaged.
The optimum supporting effect is
created by selecting the best suited
LSC™ elements and the proper number
of compression bodies which determine
the overall load-bearing resistance
characteristics.
Single yielding elements are aligned
between base plates. These plates fix
the position of the yielding elements
and limit LSC™ elements towards the
tunnel lining. Each yielding element
has a factory-set imperfection where
controlled deformations start in case of
excessive loading.
LSC™ Elements
System Components
■■ Base plates
■■ Yielding elements
■■ Holding bars

Specifications

Characteristics 1)
Unit Type
Number of yielding elements [–] 3 4
[mm] 750 - 1,000 1,000 - 1,300
Length
[in] 29.5 - 39.4 39.4 - 51.2
[mm] 250 - 350
Width
[in] 9.8 - 13.8
[mm] 410
Height
[in] 16.1
1) Standard types for Tunneling. LSC™ elements with alternative dimensions available on request

Technical Characteristics
The type, quantity, and length of LSC™ 6,000

elements is optimized to the load-bearing

capacity of the primary lining and typical 5,000
displacements measured at the tunnel
wall
4,000
Axial Load [kN]

■■ Load-deformation characteristics can

be changed to permit an adaption of 3,000
the support resistance
■■ Project-specific customization of the 2,000
LSC™ element geometry
■■ Load-deformation characteristics of
1,000
the LSC™ system with three yielding
elements (type 3) are defined with
upper and lower limits as shown in the 0
0 50 100 150 200
diagram
Shortening [mm]
Lower Limit Upper Limit

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