MTBF, MTTF, MTTR 2009

MTBF,MTTF,MTTR
BY:

KIRAN.R (080922018)

RAJATH RAO (080922

CLASS: 2ND SEMESTER M Tech C.A.M.D.A

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANIPAL

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 29-01-2009

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Seminar report on MTBF, MTTF, MTTR

Introduction

Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF),MTTF has been used for over many years as a

basis for various decisions. Over the years more than 20 methods and procedures for

lifecycle predictions have been developed. Therefore, it is no wonder that MTBF has

been the daunting subject of endless debate.

Explanation:

Definition of failure

 The termination of the ability of the product as a whole to perform its

required function.

 The termination of the ability of any individual component to perform its

required function but not the termination of the ability of the product as a

whole to perform.

MTBF impacts both reliability and availability. Before MTBF methods can be

explained, it is important to have a solid foundation of these concepts. The difference

between reliability and availability is often unknown or misunderstood. High

availability and high reliability often go hand in hand, but they are not

interchangeable terms.

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Reliability is the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions

under stated conditions for a specified period of time

MTBF, or Mean Time Between Failure, is a basic measure of a system’s reliability. It

is typically represented in units of hours. The higher the MTBF number is, the higher

the reliability of the product. Equation illustrates this relationship.

Availability, on the other hand, is the degree to which a system or component is

operational and accessible when required for use

Mean Time between Failures (MTBF)

MTBF is the sum of the operational periods divided by the number of observed

failures. Referring to the figure below,

Reliability is quantified as MTBF (Mean Time between Failures) for repairable

product and MTTF (Mean Time to Failure) for non-repairable product. A correct

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understanding of MTBF is important. MTBF is measured in hours and indicates the

expected failure rate of a product, if a device has an MTBF of 200k hours; this

indicates that a failure occurred once every 200,000

200,000 hours during the manufacturer's

testing of the product. MTBF is a measure of how reliable a product is. MTBF is

usually given in units of hours; the higher the MTBF, the more reliable the product

is.

Downtime
owntime is the instantaneous time it went down, which is after (i.e. greater than)

the moment it went up, uptime. The difference (downtime - uptime) is the amount of

time it was operating between these two events.

A power supply with an MTBF of 40,000 hours does not mean that the power supply

should lastt for an average of 40,000 hours. According to the theory behind the

statistics of confidence intervals, the statistical average becomes the true average as

the number of samples increase. An MTBF of 40,000 hours, or 1 year for 1 module,

becomes 40,000/2 for

or two modules and 40,000/4 for four modules. Sometimes failure

rates are measured in percent failed per million hours of operation instead of MTBF.

The FIT is equivalent to one failure per billion device hours, which is equivalent to a

MTBF of 1,000,000,000
00 hours.

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The formula for calculating the MTBF is

Ɵ=T/r

Ɵ = MTBF

T = total time

r = number of failures

 When there are no delays in repair:

MTBF = MTTF + MTTR

Mean time to failure (MTTF)

An estimate of the average, or mean time until a design's or component's first failure,

(you may not want to include external failures), or disruption in the operation of the

product, process, procedure, or design occurs. Mean time until a failure assumes that

the product cannot be repaired and the product cannot resume any of its normal

operations. MTTF is related to items such as expected and/or operating life or other

items that in general are not fixed or replacement even though it sometimes may be.

Some systems, such as spacecrafts, cannot be repaired after a major failure. In other

cases, even though maintenance tasks can be performed offline, they cannot be

performed during a mission. For all of these types of non-repairable systems, the

time to system failure is an important reliability characteristic. The expected value is

known as mean time to failure (MTTF). Because a non-repairable system can fail

only once, both mean time to first failure (MTTFF) and MTTF refer to the same

metric. Because the time to failure is equivalent to the time before failure.

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Difference between MTTF and MTBF

MTBF (mean time between failures) is the expected time between two successive

failures of a system. Therefore, MTBF is a key reliability metric for systems that can

be repaired or restored. MTTF (mean time to failure) is the expected time to failure

of a system. Non-repairable systems can fail only once. Therefore, for a non-

repairable system, MTTF is equivalent to the mean of its failure time distribution.

Repairable systems can fail several times. In general, it takes more time for the first

failure to occur than it does for subsequent failures to occur

To distinguish between the two, the concept of suspensions must first be

understood. In reliability calculations, a suspension occurs when a destructive test or

observation has been completed without observing a failure. MTBF calculations do

not consider suspensions whereas MTTF does. MTTF is the number of total hours of

service of all devices divided by the number of devices. It is only when all the parts

fail with the same failure mode that MTBF converges to MTTF

γ= T/N

γ= MTTF

T = total time

N = Number of units under test

Example: Suppose 10 devices are tested for 500 hours. During the test 2 failures

occur.

The estimate of the MTBF is:

Ɵ = 10*500/2= 2,500 hours / failure.

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Whereas for MTTF

γ = 10*500/10 = 500 hours / failure.

If the MTBF is known, one can calculate the failure rate as the inverse of the MTBF.

The

formula for (λ) is:

λ = 1/Ɵ = r/T

Where:

r = number of failures.

λ = is the failure rate

The probability that the product will work for some time T without failure is given

by:

R(T) = exp(-T/MTBF)

Mean time to recovery (MTTR)

MTTR is the average time that a device will take to recover from any failure.

Examples of such devices range from self-resetting fuses (where the MTTR would be

very short, probably seconds), up to whole systems which have to be repaired or

replaced.

MTTR can range from a few milliseconds, as in the case of an uninterrupted power

supply (UPS) to many hours or even days in the case of application software or

complex machinery.

The time taken to restore the system back to normalcy includes the period of

diagnosis of the problem as well as its rectification. When the failure rate is

predictable and well documented, the MTTR can be considerably reduced. On the

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other hand, if the system fails unexpectedly, the time taken to diagnose the problem

itself might be quite high in the first place. Sometimes improper diagnosis can lead

to faulty repairs that can complicate matters and lengthen the recovery period. All of

these can contribute towards raising the MTTR for the system.

Some systems have redundancy built into them so that when one subsystem fails,

another takes its place and keeps the whole system running. While the overall

system has a zero MTTR, the faulty subsystem still needs to be repaired or replaced

and hence the subsystem alone has a non-zero MTTR.

When the MTTR is built into a maintenance contract, a lower MTTR would

normally entail a higher cost since the service provider has to ensure that the system

is restored within a shorter period of time. Hence the service buyer has to pay more

for this quicker turnaround time.

System reliability is a matter of importance to a wide range of industries. Be it the

manufacture of automobiles, aero planes and rockets or the creation of complex

software for the smooth running of a major business corporation, system reliability is

an area of great concern for the creators as well as the users of the system. So MTTR

is a vital parameter that indicates how soon things will get back to normal which has

a great bearing on the overall stability of the system.

Misconceptions about MTBF

A common misconception about MTBF is that it is equivalent to the expected

number of operating hours before a system fails, or the “service life”. It is not

uncommon, however, to see an MTBF number on the order of 1 million hours, and it

would be unrealistic to think the system could actually operate continuously for

over 100 years without a failure. The reason these numbers are often so high is

because they are based on the rate of failure of the product while still in their “useful

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life” or “normal life”, and it is assumed that they will continue to fail at this rate

indefinitely. While in this phase of the products life, the product is experiencing its

lowest (and constant) rate of failure. In reality, wear-out modes of the product would

limit its life much earlier than its MTBF figure. Therefore, there should be no direct

correlation made between the service life of a product and its failure rate or MTBF. It

is quite feasible to have a product with extremely high reliability

Application:

 One area in particular where this is evident is in the design of mission critical

facilities that house IT and telecommunications equipment. When minutes of

downtime can negatively impact the market value of a business, it is crucial

that the physical infrastructure supporting this networking environment be

reliable. The business reliability target may not be achieved without a solid

understanding of MTBF.

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References

 www.wikipedia.org

 Wendy Torell, Reliability Engineer, American Power Conversion.

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