LUXOR WORLD SCHOOL

FIRST REVISION TEST – DECEMBER 2016

Candidate
Name
Candidate Grade: 10
Number

BIOLOGY 0610/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) DECEMBER 2016
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

Total printed pages are 13

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1. Fig. 1.1 shows a diagram of a cross-section of a dicotyledonous leaf, as seen using a light microscope

(a) (i) Name tissue A and cell B.

A ................................................................................................................................................................................
B .......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Describe two ways in which tissue A is adapted for maximum photosynthesis.
1 .................................................................................................................................................................................
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2 .................................................................................................................................................................................
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(b) Plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
(i) Describe where and how carbon dioxide enters a leaf.
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(ii) State the two products of photosynthesis.
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(c) i) Explain the meaning of the term transpiration.
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(ii) Root hair cells provide a large surface area for the absorption of water from the soil.
Explain, using the term water potential, how water is absorbed from the soil into root hair cells.
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[Total: 13]
2. Fig. 2.1 is an electron micrograph showing the bacteria, Vibrio cholerae.

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(a) (i) Bacteria are prokaryotes.
State two distinguishing features of all prokaryotes.
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(ii) The bacteria shown in Fig. 2.1 each have a flagellum.
Suggest the function of the flagellum in bacteria.
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(b) V. cholerae is the pathogen that causes cholera. Vaccination is used to control the spread of cholera during
an outbreak.
Explain how vaccination can control the spread of diseases.
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c) Many years ago scientists discovered that V. cholerae secretes a toxin. Fig. 2.2 shows the results of an
experiment to measure the flow of chloride ions out of human cells with and without the toxin.

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(i) Calculate the difference in flow of chloride ions between the cells with the toxin and the cells without the
toxin at 50 seconds.
Show your working and state the units in your answer.

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(ii) Use the data in Fig. 2.2 to describe the effect of the toxin on the flow of chloride ions out of the cells.
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(iii) Chloride ions cannot move out of cells by simple diffusion.
Suggest and describe how chloride ions could move out of cells.
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(d) The loss of chloride ions from cells causes diarrhoea and dehydration in patients with cholera.
(i) State which organ in the alimentary canal is affected by the cholera toxin.
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[Total: 14]

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3. a) Microorganisms break down organic matter consisting of cellulose, starch, protein and lipid (fat). The
microorganisms multiply during this stage and are recycled.
Complete Fig. 3.1 by writing in the boxes the names of the enzymes used to catalyse the reactions shown. The
first box has been completed for you. [3]

b) Yeast is used in bread-making. It respires anaerobically, producing carbon dioxide.

Write the balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration of yeast in bread-making.
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A baker wants to increase the rate of carbon dioxide production in the bread-making process.
The baker trialled different concentrations of glucose solution in the bread dough. Fig. 3.2 shows the results.

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(c) (i) Predict the rate of carbon dioxide production if the concentration of the glucose solution was 7.0%.
.............................................................................................................................................. cm3 per min [1]
(ii) The baker carried out the trials at 30 °C.
The trials were repeated at 20 °C.
Draw a line on Fig. 3.2 to show the rate of carbon dioxide production at 20 °C. [2]
(iii) The baker carried out another trial at 80 °C. No carbon dioxide was released.
State why no carbon dioxide was produced.
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(c) Name one other industrial process that uses yeast.
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(d) During the production of penicillin, large fermenters are used. Fig. 3.3 shows a fermenter.

(i) Explain the functions of the following parts of the fermenter:

stirrer .........................................................................................................................................................................
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water-filled jacket .....................................................................................................................................................
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probes ........................................................................................................................................................................
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(ii) The air and nutrients that are added to the fermenter are sterile.
State why they must be sterile.
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[Total: 14]
4. (a) Describe how food is moved along the small intestine.
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(b) The small intestine is lined by many villi. Fig. 4.1 shows a longitudinal section of a villus.
Fig. 4.2 shows a cross-section of the same villus at V – W.
The diagrams are not drawn to the same scale.

(i) Name structures P, Q, and R.

P ................................................................................................................................................................................
Q ...............................................................................................................................................................................
R .......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]

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(ii) The blood that flows from S enters a vein.
Name the vein that transports blood away from the small intestine.
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(iii) Cell T is an example of the cells that form the surface of the villi.
Explain why there are many microvilli on cell T.
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(iv) Some of the cells on the surface of the villi secrete mucus for protection.
Suggest what the villi need to be protected against.
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[Total: 10]
5. Fig. 5.1 shows the different types of human teeth.

(a) Describe the functions of the canine and molar teeth.

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(b) Fig. 5.2 shows the skulls of a tiger and a rabbit.

(i) State two ways in which the teeth of a tiger differ from the teeth of a rabbit, using evidence from Fig. 5.2.
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(ii) Suggest one feature visible in Fig. 5.2 that indicates the tiger is a carnivore.
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(c) Omnivores are animals that eat both animals and plants. Scientists use the number and types of teeth to
classify animals as carnivores, herbivores or omnivores.
Table 5.1 shows examples of different types of mammals and their teeth.

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(i) Calculate the number of molars as a percentage of the total number of teeth for mammal 1.
Show your working.
Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

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(ii) The skull of an unidentified mammal, X, is likely to be a carnivore.
Discuss the evidence in Table 5.1 for and against classifying mammal X as a carnivore.
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(d) Mechanically digested food travels from the mouth to the stomach. The gastric juice in the stomach contains
hydrochloric acid, giving a low pH environment.
Explain why it is important to have a low pH in the stomach.
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(e) Products of digestion are absorbed through the villi in the small intestine.
Explain how villi are adapted for absorption.
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[Total: 17]
6. (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
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A student investigated the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of algae.
Fig. 6.1 shows the apparatus set up for the investigation.

(b) Suggest why a glass tank with water was placed between the lamp and the bottle in the investigation.
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(c) The hydrogencarbonate indicator solution changes colour when the pH changes. At pH 8.4 it is red, at pH
7.6 it is yellow and at pH 9 it is purple.
Predict the colour of the hydrogencarbonate indicator solution in the bottle nearest the lamp at the end of the
investigation. Explain your answer.
colour prediction .......................................................................................................................................................
explanation ................................................................................................................................................................
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(d) The student’s results are shown in Fig. 6.2.

Describe and explain how the rate of photosynthesis is affected by light intensity.
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[Total: 12]

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