Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2. SUMMARY........................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER I………………………………………………………………….
English text................................................................................
4. HISTORY…………………………………………………………………......
5. FUNCTION……………………………………………………………………
10. SPRINGS……………………………………………………………………
11.1 SPRING……………………………………………………………………
11.2 COIL…………………………………………………………………………
11.2.2 BENEFITS……………………………………………………………….
11.2.3 STABILITY
12.1 DEPENDENT…………………………………………………………….
12.1.2 ADVANTAGE…………………………………………………………
12.1.3 DISADVANTAGE……………………………………………………….
12.2 INDEPENDENT…………………………………………………………
12.2.2 ADVANTAGE………………………………………………………….
12.2.3 DISADVANTAGE……………………………………………………..
1. OBJECTIVOS: ...........................................................................................6
2. RESUMEN............................................................................................6
4. HISTORIA……………………………...……………………………………...9
5. FUNCION..................................................................................................9
10. MUELLES............................................................................................ 11
11.1 MUELLE…………………………………………………………..............12
11.2 HELECOIDAL………..........................................................................12
11.2.2 BENEFICIOS………………………................................................ 13
11.2.3 ESTABILIDAD………....................................................................13
12.1 DEPENDIENTE.................................................................................17
12.1.2 VENTAJA……………………………………………..........................18
12.1.3 DESVENTAJA………………………………………………….…...…20
12.2 INDEPENDIENTE………………………………………………………..20
12.2.2 VENTAJA……………………………………………..…………………21
12.2.3 DESVENTAJA…………………………………………………………..21
1. OBJECTIVES
2: SUMMARY
It is called suspension set of elastic elements that stand between the bodies (frame,
body, passengers and cargo) and not suspended bodies (wheels and axles) Its
mission is to absorb relationships produced on wheels on uneven ground, thus
ensuring the comfort of the driver and passengers of the vehicle while maintaining
the stability of this.
As the suspension elements have to bear the full weight of the vehicle, they must be
strong enough for the loads acting on them do not cause permanent deformation
and in turn be highly elastic to allow the wheels to continually adapt to terrain.
3: SUSPENSION SYSTEM AUTOMOTIVE
While working the docks come produce certain fluctuations that are harmful and to
eliminate as far as possible the movements of the oscillatory effects models springs
are placed between frame and axle devices called dampers.
When the car turns a corner a force that tends to tilt the car to force the part of the
curve, the car being supported on springs compress this trend requires the docks
outside dela curve occurs, while the springs are stretched from the inside of dela
curve, which the car leans potentially overturning or spring break if the curve is taken
at high speed. To avoid these risks is placed in cars, usually in the back or front, a
device called a stabilizer bar, whose mission is to prevent the spring from side
excessively compressed while the other side is distended.
The set of springs, dampers and other devices that attach the frame to the axes, it
is given the name of suspension, calling them front suspension and rear suspension.
OBJECTIVES:
_Longitudinal braking
_accelerating forces
_to provide isolation from high frequency vibration from tire excitation
_requires appropriate isolation in the suspension joints
_prevent transmission of road noise to the vehicle body
4: HISTORY
1903 = Mors from Germany fitted a car with shock absorbers.
1920 = Leyland used torsion bars in its suspension system.
1922 = Unitary construction and independent front suspension were
pioneered o the Lance Lambda.
Spring/damper unit.
.To provide good road holding while driving, cornering and braking
6: REQUIREMENTS OF A SUSPENSION SYSTEM
10: SPRINGS
.Springs are resilient members and as such act as reservoirs of energy. They store
the energy due to the sudden force which comes when vehicle encounters a bump
or a ditch. This energy is released subsequently and with the action of damper, the
energy is converted into heat and bounce is avoided.
.Springs used for suspension system should absorb road shocks quickly and return
to the original position slowly.
11: TYPES OF SPRINGS
1= spring
2= Coil
3= Torsion bars
.Referred to as Laminated springs since they use steel strips or
lamination one over the other with reducing length. .They are also called as
that form.
.The length of each leaf decreases so that the spring assembly act
as a flexible beam and is of uniform strength.
.The ends of master leaf are formed into loops called spring eyes.
.One end of the spring is attached with frame through a spring bolt
passing through the eye. The other end is secured through a shackle.
11.1 SPRING
- This type of spring consists of several layers of metal (called "leaves") bound
together to act as a single unit. Leaf springs were first used on horse-drawn carriages
and were found on most American automobiles until 1985.They are still used today
on most trucks and heavy-duty vehicles.
.A helper spring is just like a semi elliptical spring but without eyes at the ends.
. Its ends touches the brackets fitted on the frame when the truck is heavily loaded.
Like large metal bed springs, these coils cushion and absorb the shocks and
bumps as the vehicle is driven. They are usually found near the front wheels,
but some cars have them in the rear as well. Often the Shock absorbers run up
.Remember that is recommended for your safety and comfort, and your family,
replacing its spiral every 80,000 kilometers.
11.2.3 Stability
A good stability gives security to the vehicle, to stop driving easier, helical springs
in good condition along with the other suspension parts makes a safe way.
Helical Spring change renews the vehicle height, renewing its appearance, its
geometry and the correct alignment of the carriage. Note: Never renew with
adaptations height.
at one end, and free to move at the other end. They can be mounted across
the car or along the car .The springing motion is provided by the metal bar's
resistance to twisting.
.To over-simplify, stick your arm out straight and get someone to twist your wrist.
Presuming that your mate doesn't snap your wrist, at a certain point, resistance in
your arm (and pain) will cause you to twist your wrist back the other way. That is the
principle of a torsion bar.
.Torsion bars are normally locked to the chassis and the suspension parts with
splined ends. This allows them to be removed, twisted round a few splines and re-
inserted, which can be used to raise or lower a car, or to compensate for the natural
'sag' of a suspension system over time. They can be connected to just about any
type of suspension system listed on this page.
.The rendering below shows an example longitudinal torsion bar. The small lever at
the far end of the torsion bar would be attached solidly to the frame to provide the
fixed end. The torsion bar itself fits into that lever and the suspension arm at the front
through splined holes. As the suspension at the front moves upwards, the bar twists
along its length providing the springing motion.
– The four wheels of a car work together in two independent systems -- the two
wheels connected by the front axle and the two wheels connected by the rear axle.
That means that a car can and usually does have a different type of suspension on
the front and back. Much is determined by whether a rigid axle binds the wheels or
if the wheels are permitted to move independently.
• Dependent front suspensions have a rigid front axle that connects the front wheels.
Basically, this looks like a solid bar under the front of the car, kept in place by leaf
springs and shock absorbers. Common
On trucks, dependent front suspensions haven't been used in mainstream cars for
years.
12.1.2 ADVANTAGE:
It provides more load bearing on the vehicle because it can only be implemented in
vehicles with rear wheel drive.
12.1.3 DISADVANTAGE
When a wheel to move up or down causes the opposite wheel to tilt thus suffering
the damage to the other.
12.2 INDEPENDENT
• In this setup, the front wheels are allowed to move independently. The MacPherson
strut, developed by Earle S. MacPherson of General Motors in 1947, is the most
widely used front-suspension system.
• The MacPherson strut combines a shock absorber and a coil spring into a single
unit. This provides a more compact and lighter suspension system that can be used
for front-wheel drive vehicles.
12.2.2 ADVANTAGE
The advantage is that this suspension damage that receives the whee
from side not affect another wheel on the opposite side on affect itself.
12.2.3 DISADVANTAGE
The disadvantage is that it can only go in luxury cars because the
- Frenado longitudinal
- Acelerar fuerzas,
2: RESUMEN
Al mismo tiempo que trabajan los muelles se llegan producir ciertas oscilaciones
que suelen ser perjudiciales y para eliminar en lo posible los movimientos de los
efectos oscilatorios delos muelles, se colocan entre bastidor y el eje los dispositivos
denominados amortiguadores.
Cuando el automóvil toma una curva se produce una fuerza que tiende a inclinar el
coche hacia la parte de fuerza de la curva, estando el coche apoyado sobre muelles
esta tendencia obliga a comprimirse a los muelles del lado exterior dela curva,
mientras se distienden los muelles de la parte interior dela curva, con lo cual el
coche se inclina con peligro de vuelco o rotura de muelles si la curva se toma a gran
velocidad. Para evitar estos riesgos se coloca en los automóviles, generalmente en
la parte trasera o delantera, un dispositivo denominado barra estabilizadora, cuyo
misión es la impedir que el muelle de un lado se comprima excesivamente mientras
el del otro lado se distiende.
Al conjunto de muelles, amortiguadores y otros dispositivos que unen el bastidor a
los ejes, se le da el nombre de suspensión, denominándolas suspensión delantera
y suspensión trasera.
OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL
OBJETIVOS
- Frenado longitudinal
- Acelerar fuerzas,
- Fuerzas curvas laterales y
4: HISTORIA
Peso mínimo.
.Amortiguadores reducen la tendencia del carro unidad para seguir "rebote" arriba
y abajo en sus muelles.
. Muelles son elementos elásticos y como tal actúan como reservorios de energía.
Almacenan la energía debido a la fuerza súbita que viene cuando el vehículo se
encuentra con un bache o una zanja. Esta energía se libera posteriormente y con
la acción del amortiguador, la energía se convierte en calor y se evita el rebote.
1. Muelle
2. ballesta
3. Barra de torsión
11:1 MUELLE
Conocida como resortes laminado ya que utilizan bandas de acero o
Laminación uno sobre el otro con la reducción de longitud.
También se les llama como Semi muelles elípticas, ya que están empeñados en
esa forma.
Cada tira se llama una hoja. Ellos están unidos por grapas y un perno central.
Un extremo del muelle está unido con el marco a través de un perno de resorte
pasa a través del ojo. El otro extremo está fijado a través de un grillete.
.Un muelle auxiliar es como un semi elíptica primavera, pero sin ojos en los
extremos.
. Sus extremos toca los soportes montados en el bastidor cuando el camión está
muy cargado.
Al igual que las grandes resortes de la cama de metal, estas bobinas amortiguar y
absorber el choques y golpes como el vehículo es conducido. Por lo general, se
encuentran cerca de las ruedas delanteras, pero algunos coches los tienen en la
parte posterior también. A menudo, el choque absorbedores de correr hasta el
centro de la bobina muelles.
11.2.3 Estabilidad
. Para sobre-simplificar, saca la mano por recta y conseguir a alguien para torcer
la muñeca. Suponiendo que su pareja no se ajusta a su muñeca, en un momento
dado, la resistencia en el brazo (y el dolor) hará que se tuerce la muñeca hacia el
otro lado. Ese es el principio de una barra de torsión.
. Las barras de torsión son normalmente bloqueadas hasta el chasis y las piezas
de la suspensión con extremos acanalados. Esto les permite ser removidos,
retorcido
Ronda unos estrías y vuelva a insertar, que se puede utilizar para subir o bajar de
un coche, o para compensar el "hundimiento" natural de un sistema de suspensión
con el tiempo. Se pueden conectar a casi cualquier tipo de sistema de suspensión
que aparece en esta página.
12.1.2 VENTAJA:
Proporciona más soporte de carga en el vehículo debido a que solo puede estar
implementada en vehículos con tracción trasera.
12.1.3 DESVENTAJA
Cuando una rueda se mueva hacia arriba o hacia abajo hace que la rueda del lado
opuesto se incline sufriendo así el daño que sufrió la otra.
12.2 INDEPENDIENTE
12.2.2 VENTAJA
12.2.3 DESVENTAJA