Designation; D6158- 16 Standard Specification for Mineral Hydraul ils? ‘iia lop or these revision the yes fl evn, tbe in prertesesndstes he year In eagpeova A 1. Scope* LI This specification covers mineral and synthetic oils of the types APL groups 1, HL, HL, and IV used in. hydraulic systems, where the performance requirements demand fuids with one of the following characteristics: I.IsL A refined base oil or synthetic base stock (Class HED, 1.1.2. A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors (Class HL), 1.1.3. refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus anti-wear characteristics (Class HM). 1.1.4 A refined mineral base oil o synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors, ani-wear characteristics, and increased viscosity index higher than 140 (Class HV). 1.1.5 A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus antiwear characteristics resting a higher performance level than an HM uid. to adress higher demanding hydraulic systems (Class HMHP), and 1.1.6 A refined mineral base oil with rust or synthetic base stock and oxidation inhibitors, anti-wear characteristics, and increased viscosity index higher than 140 meeting a highe performance level than an HV fluid to address higher demand- Ing hydraulic systems (Class VBP). 1.2 This specification defines the requirements of mineral ‘oil-based or synthetic-based hydraulic fluids that are compat ible with most existing machinery components when there is adequate maintenance. 1.3 This specification defines only new lubricating. oils before they are installed in the hydraulic system, 14 This specification defines specific types of hydraulic oils. I does not include all hydraulic ois. Some oils that are not included may be satisfactory for certain hydraulic applications, Certain equipment of conditions of use may permit oF roquire a wider or narrower range of characteristies than those de scribed herein, Perea Prat, Ligid Pel and Lin eh ie resp of TOTs20m1 546, A Summary of C LS The values stated in ST units are to be regarded as standard, No other units of measurement are included in this standard 1.5.1. Exception—In X1.3.9 on Wear Protection, the values of pump pressure are in MPa, and the psi follows in brackets as «reference peint immediately recognized by a large part of the industry, 1.6 The following safery hazard caveat pertains to the west ‘methods referenced in this specication. This standard does not purport ‘0 aidress all of the safety concerns, if any, ‘associated with its use It is the responsibilty of the user of this standard to establish appropriate sofety and heaith practices ‘and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior 2, Referonced Dacuments 2.1_ ASTM Standaras:® 1D92 Test Method for Flish and Fire Points by Cleveland (Open Cup Tester 1D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products D130 ‘est Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Peiro- eum Preacts by Copper Strip Test D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent ‘and Opague Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos- ity) ATI Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids [D6 Test Method for Acid Numer of Petroleum Prodvets by Potentiometric Titration D665 ‘est Method for Rus-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubrieat- ing Oils [D943 ‘est Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color- Indicator Titration 1298 Test Meshod for Density, Relative Demsity, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Lis ucts by Hydrometer Method sntat ASTM Casome Sere at service as ny For Ana Boal of ATA ‘te ASTIC wet, ” gts section appears a the end of this standard{By vs120 -16 1401 Test Method for Water Sepurabilty of Petroleum Oils and Syathetic Flids 102070 Test Meihod for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic Ois 1D2270 Practice for Caleulating Viscosity Index from Kinc- matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C 1D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis- censity System 2610 Test Method for Hyérolytic Subilily of Hydmulie uid (Beverage Bottle Method) 1D2883 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of La bricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer 103227 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Hydrocar- bon Based Oils D052 Test Method for Density Relative Density, and APL Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter 4310 Test Method fer Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils 5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing Load Ca- pcty of Oils (FZG Visual Method) 1D5550 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic "Tilt Method) 16080 Practice for Defining he Viscosty Characteristics of Fydranlic Fluids 6UTA Test Method for Indicating Wear Characteristics of Petroleum Hyéfraulic Fluids in a High Pressure Constant Volume Vae Pomp 7043 Test Method for Indicating Wear Charactristios of ‘Non-Pewolcum and Pewrleum Hydraulic Fluids in a Constant Volume Vane Pump 7752 Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Bydranlic Fuids 2.2 Other Standards: ISO. 13357-1 Petroleum Product:—Dstermination of the Fierabilty of Lubricating Oik—Part 1: Procedure for Oils in the Presence of Water* 180. 13357-2Petroleun: Produets—Determination of the Fiterability of Lubricating oils—Part 2: Procedure for Dry Oils? DIN 51350-6 Testing of Sheur Stability of Lubricating Oils Containing Polymers CEC L-45-A.99 Viscosity Shear Stability of Transmission Labicants (RRL Taper Roller Bearing Rie)* A. Classification 3.1 Type HH Hydraulic Oils—Nov-inhibited refined mineral cils or synthetic base stock for hydraulic systems that do not have specific requirements of oxidation stability, rust protection, or anti-wear properies. Type HH oils are usually Jntended for total loss systems or very light-duty equipment. 3.2 Type HL Hydraulic Oils—Refined mineral oils or syn- thetic base stock with improved rust protection and oxidation * swale fom Aeron Nain Suna Insist (ANS, 25 W, St «4 Fle, New York NY 1036, hapa "valabletom Dewscies sta fir Novtwng eV{DIN}, Am DIN-Pite urgent 1747 Her, Geonany, aw din. Savaable tom Coowizating Eopean Cowl (CEC), Services proved by ability for hydraulic sysioms where relatively high tempera tures and long periods of operation time are expected, and where there is the possibility of waier or humidity that could rust metal parts of the machinery. These oils are intended for use in systems where no metl-to-metal coniact is expected hetween the moving parts, Usually, systems working at low pressures specify HL oils. Some high-pressure pision pumps ‘ean operate satisfactorily on those oils 33 Type HM Hydraulic Oits—Cils of HL type with im proved anti-wear properties, for general hydraulic systems «specially for those working at high pressures and where the possibility of metal-to-metal contact between the moving parts exists Type HM ile are usually specified for hydeaulic systems with vane pumps, oF when the system is intended to Work at maximum pamp capacity for long periods of time: 34 Type HV Hydraulic Oils—Oils of HM type with im: proved viscosity/temperatre properties, for general hydraulic systems where equipment is intended to operate over a wide range of ambient temperatures 3.5 Type HMHP Hydraulic Oils—Oils of HM meeting a higher performance level to mect the changing needs of hydraulic systems, especially for those working at high pres: sires and femperatures intended to work at maximum pump ‘capacity fer long periods of time. 3.6 Type HVHP Hydraulic Oils—Oils of HMHP type with improved viscosity/temperature properties, for more demand: ing hydraulic systems where equipment is intended to operate over 2 wide range of ambient temperatures 4. Classification Requirements 4.1 Type HH—The requirements for this type of oil are presented in Table 1 and include Viscosity Grades ISO VG from 10 to 150, in accordance with Classification D2422, 42 Type HL—The requirements for this type of oil are presented in Table 2 and inelude Viscosity Grades ISO VG from 10 to 150, in accordance with Classification D2422, 43 Type HM—The requirements for this type of oil are presented in Table 3 and include Viscosity Grades ISO VG fom 10 to 150, in accordance with Classification D242: 44 Type HV—The requirements for this type of oil are presented in Table 4 and include Viscosity Grades ISO VG from 10 to 150, in accordance with Classification D2422, 4.5: Type HMEIP—The requisements for this type of vil are presented in Table S and include Viscosity Grades ISO VG from 22 to 130 in accordance with Classtteation D2422. 4.6 Type HVHPThe requirements for this type of cil are presented in Table 6 and include Viscosity Grades ISO VG from 22 to 150 in accordance with Classification D2422. 5. Inspection. 5.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon benween the purchaser and the supplier. 6, Packaging and Package Marking 6.1 The material shall he suitably packaged to permit secepiance by the curier and (0 afford adequate protectionpan 0 sf Ue OG POWH 91g oan os ved 209d PoWaN 81 y a0 aD HOt Boo yodes de oo =a etm tht shag uodey oda Livo—Ayaredues sewers 2 00 70 $00 00 00 900 300 20 ‘y99am160, sequnu poy fi seoqueu 8 o o- o o & a se se '9, ‘onmecey asa es i 3 sie she sor sa or sr se “9, ered "260 od wees 6 yoo ube Po weg Bugg patient ae pueveop — pueieos ue seen eran ‘ouecoday = ved odes vedas odes oda votes odes eszia fare oyoods ede odes vedo: dos ce cuzza apa fys008 ed odes ves odes ed votes odes anus 92a Seg asL= “soon ‘9. 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Pack: cconfcem to applicable carrier rules and regulations, 6.2 Packaging and labeling shall comply with state or federal regulations. 6.3 Each container shall be plainly marked with the manw- facturer’s name and brand, production code or lot number, type ‘of material, volume content, and sny other informa ‘quired by state or federal law. Keywords 7.1 antiwear protection; guideline: hydraulic oils: mineral oils; rust and oxidation protection; synthetic base stocks; viscosity index APPENDIX, (Nonmandatory Information) Xl, SIGNIFICANCE OF TESP MEPHODS USED IN ‘THE SPECIFICATION FOR MINERAL AND SYNTHETIC (GROUP LLY) HYDRAULIC OLS. XII Physical Properties XL 180 Viscosity Grade (Classification D2422)—The International Standards Organization has established a viscos- ity classificaiion system for industrial fluid lubricants, Sach Ibricants are classitisd by grades designated as ISO-VG based. ‘on their viscosities in centistokes at 40°C, The choice of viscosity grade for use in a particular hydraulic system should ‘comply with the system requirements and the hydraulic pump ‘manufacturer's recommendations. XILL2 Viscosity (Test Methods D445 and 2983}. Viscosity is the measurement of a faid’s resistance to flow. Tt is considered to be the most important characteristic of a hydraulic uid. The optimum value is always a compromise. It has to be high enough at the working temperature toensure that the fluid will not leak through the seals or junctions and to ‘maintain proper lubrication. Also, the viscesity has to be low enough to ensure fd flow and to maintain system efficiency snd lubrication X13 Viwosity Index (VI) (Practice D2270\—The VI number expresses the sensitivity of the fuid's viscosity toward changes of temperature. In general, the VI is not very critical When the system works at a stable operating temperature. Wher the variation of temperature among different points in the system ishigh (over 30 °C). or the operational temperatures vary considerably, then a high VI (over 90) is usually recom- mended. XILL3.1 Wscosity-Modifed Oils, (Practice Do0s0)—High VI hydraulic fluids (Category HV) usually contain high mo- Tecular weight thickeners, called viscosity index. improvers (VID, which impart von-Newtonian characteristics to the fui. ‘These polymers may shear in operation, eifetively reducing the viscosity of the fuid at s given system operating tempera ture, Practice D6080 can be used to classify oils for (1) low temperature viscosity and (2) high temperature viscosity after shearing. This information helps users ensure that fluid will have suitable viscosity throughout the operating temperature range of the syste X11 Specific Gravity, Density, (Test Method D1298). ‘This property is of valuc to hydraulic sysom designers and operators for calculating system weight, internal pressure, wall thickness, and pump requirements, Nom: XI.1—Test Method D$0S2 ca also be sed, XILLS Flash Point (Test Method D02)—Flash point is the fempersture at which the fluid contained in a test cup and hheated at a constant rate will lash bat not continue to bura ‘when a flame is passed over the cup. I is indiectly a measure ‘of both the volatility ofthe oil and flammability of the volatiles contained therein. Thisis mainly of interest asa quality control test and for regulatory reasons, However, some manufacturers use it as a safesy criterion for work at high temperatures. XI.L6 Pour Points (Test Method D97, Low Temperature Viscosity (Test Method D2983))—The pour point is an indica tion of the Jowest temperature at which an oil will flow by gravity, The fluid viscosity must allow the system to start up and operate at low temperatures, As a practical nile, the uid should have a pour point 10 °C below the miaimum expected ambient temperature. Test Method D2983 can be used t0 determine the lemperaute at which a Muid’s viscosity is less than 750 eP, which is suggested as the highest viscosity that the equipment can tolerate without risk of damage during opers tion, X12. Chemical Properties X21 Acid Number (Test Method D664)—The acid num ber is the milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to neutralize the acidic constituents in a gram of sample. The initial acid number is influenced by base oil and additives. Test Method D664 is a potentiometric titration test method used for acid number calculations. This is maialy of value as a quality control test X1.22 Acid Number (Test Methed D974)—In this test ‘method, acid number is determined by a color-indicator tira ‘tion method and is used as an alternative to Test Method D664. It should be noted that the acid number obtained by this test ‘method may or may not be numerically the same as that obtained by Test Method D664, but itis generally of the same order of magnitude,A Deis - 16 X13 Performance Properties KIB. Rust Preventing Characteristics (Test Method 'DE65)—This test method measures the ability of the oil to preven! rusting of steel surfaces when water is present Procedare A involves the use of distilled water, and Procedure B involves the use of synthetic sea water, X1.32 Copper Corrosion Characteristics (Test Method 'D130}—Some components of hyttraulc systems contain eop- per alloys (for example. vane pump bushings and piston pump shoes). This test method indicates the relative iendeney of oll, tocontade copper X33 Water Separabiliyy Characteristics (Test Method 'D1401}—Water in large hydraulic systems may be removed by ‘m«chanical procedures that take advantage of the demulsbility properties of the oil, An emulsion cat reduce the viscosity of the circulating tuid, creating lubrication problems, which may lead to deposits. Test Method D1401 determines the water separation characteristics of oils. X134 Foaming Characteristies (Test Method D892)In ‘ilsystemshaving high circulation rates, itis important that air Introduced through the seals or atthe reservoir tank be readily released from the body of the fuid and not collect as foam on, the surface of the fuid, since this can produce cavitation or impede proper circulation, Test Method D892 measures the tendency of the oil te form foam and the stability of suck foam. ‘There ae three sequences: Sequence Tat 24 °C; Sequence I at 935°C: and Sequence IIL at 24°C, using the same sample tested in Sequence I XI3S Air Release (Tost Method D3S27)\—Agitation of lubricating oil with air in equipment may produce « dispersion of finely divided air bubbles inthe oil. Ifthe residence time in, the reservoir is t00 short to allows air bubbles to rise to. the surface, a mixture of air and oil will circulate through the Ibvicaion system. ‘This may result in the incapability to maintain oil pressure, incomplete oil films in contact zones, and poor hydraulic system performance or failure. This test, ‘method measures the time for the envained alr content 10 fall, tothe relatively low value of 0,2 volume under standardized test conditions, and hence permits the comparison of the oils ‘capacity to separate entrained air over a period of time, X1.36 Oxidation Stability (Test Method D943}—Oxdaton ‘of the oi may increase oil viscosity, produce sludge that can make valves stick and plug filters, and generate materials that are comosive to metals, Test Method D943 measures the time that the oil resists oxidation in the presence of oxygen, wate and metal catalysts It should te recognized, however, that correlation between results of this test method and the oxida- tion stability of a lubricant in field service can vary markedly with ficld service conditions, This test method does aot ‘measure sludge formation or catalyst coil corrosion (see Test Method D4310 and X13.7). X13.7 Sludging Tendency (Test Method D4310}—As stated in X16, insoluble or corrosive materials may form in cils, when they are subjected t0 exidation conditions. This [000 h- test determines the tendency of vil to form sludge in the presence of oxygen, water, and metal catalysts. Test Method 'D4310 also measures the fotal copper present in the oil, wate and sludge. I is a complement to Test Method D943, X13 Thermal Stability (Test Method D2070). smal degradation of a lubricint can yield insoluble materials, tht plug filters, block narrow clearances, and corrode metas. ‘This test method determines the tendency of oils to form sludge at high temperatures inthe absenoe of water and in the presence of iron and copper, X13.9 Wear Protection (Test Metlod! D7043 ard D6973)— Hydraulic systems inning at medium pressures, designed with small clearances, and subject to metal-to-metal contsct (for ‘example, vane, piston, and gear pumps) should use fluids that have anti-wear properties. X13.9.1 Test Method D7043 isa constant-volume medium- pressure 13.8 MPa [2000 psi) vane pam test. The evaluation parameter isthe Weight loss ofthe ring and the vanes. The tig, simulates fluid performance in small hydraulic systems, X1.3.9.2 Test Method D6973 is a constant-volume high pressure 20.7 MPa (300) psi) vane pump test. The evaluation Parameter is the weight Joss of the cam ring and the vanes. The fig simulates fluid performance in modium to large hydraulic systems, X1.3:10 Filterability— Filterabilty of hydraulic ols is very Iinportant and ‘Test Mettod ISO 13337=1 and ISO 1357-2 is, ‘one method for evaluating this performance attribute and is also used in Practice D1752, XIS.11 Elastomer Compatibility (Test Method D471}—The ‘compatibility of a uid with elastomers is recognized to be very important X13.12 Hydrolytic Stabiliy—The resistance of hydraulic ‘vids w hydrolysis is important. Reaction of a nished product, with water can lead to the formation of corrosive substances, acids, insoluble by-products, and very siable emulsions that ‘can, in turn, cause corrosion, sticky valves, plugged filter, and. cchange in oil viscosity, The ther:(fly verse - 16 SUMMARY OF CHANGES Subcommittee D02,ND his identifed the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (06158 ~ 14) that may impact the use ofthis standard. (Approved Jan. 15, 2016.) (J) Revised Sections 1, 3, 4 and subsection X13, (2) Revised Tables 1-4, and added new Tables 5 and 6. ASIA Intemational aes mo aston rspecing te val of ary ptentigns asset ie conection with any tam mentored sina nana sno nan ns npn sas ta datwmnaton 2D tho 2) Buch pale hs an Ma Stintingemen of sch 1h are etre tha own spore. ‘This stances suet o vision a any ts by ta responsi totic cma and must revised over ve sare and ‘3 shaud bs actaesoé 0 ASTM nmcoral Heacquaias. Yu" conmens wi ocove cat cnschraton at mesing of a Iaeponahi anal eons, wtih may stan! yx fn a yur samara ss 94 rcee 3 Raang yo sh ‘nate jour vows keno tne ASTU Canines an Stands, a te aaeas sown blow This stancad iscopyightad by ASTM iomatona, 100 Bar Harbor Div, POBox C70, West Conshohocken, PA 19528-2989, ated Staten Inswava! rpms (orga o” mutple spies) of te andar maybe cane by contsing ACTH at ho above ‘safes: or af 6108328868 (phone) 6108329555 fav) o° soca Basimorg formal): o” tweugh the ASTI wobate feswusim.ag) Barmisuan ros psocopy tha sansa) may sno be ascrad Sam fo Copyrign Claracs Casta 292 Fasoweod Do, Danves, MA 01923, To: (978) 646-2600 ipnecopyigh. ca