SULIT 962/2

ANDERSON SCHOOL IPOH PERAK

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN STPM TAHUN 2010

NAME : ______________________ FORM : ____________

SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY PAPER 2

STRUCTURE AND ESSAY

FORM : UPPER SIX

TIME : TWO AND A HALF HOURS

(21/2 HRS)

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer all questions in SECTION A in the spaces provided.
2. Answer any 4 question from SECTION B.
3. All workings should be shown. For numerical answers, units should be quoted wherever
appropriate. A Data Booklet is provided.

This question paper consist of printed pages and blank pages.

Prepared by Approved by

________________ __________________
Pn Margaret PK

1
 SECTION A [ 40 marks ]
Answer all questions in this section.

1 Selenium , Se, is in Group 16 of the periodic table and occurs in nature as a mixture of six isotopes
having the relative abundances given below :
Nucleon (mass) number % abundance
74 0.9
76 9.0
77 7.6
78 23.5
80 49.8
82 9.2
(a) Calculate the relative atomic mass , Ar , of selenium to three significant figures.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2]
(b) Predict the number of neutrons in the most abundant isotope of selenium and write down the
electronic configuration of the selenium atom.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2]

(c) How would you expect the first ionization energy of selenium to compare with that of
(i) sulphur and (ii) bromine ?
Give your reasoning.

(i) ____________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) ____________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
[4]

(d) Selenium dioxide, SeO2 , is a solid that melts at 3150C and does not conduct electricity when
molten. State the type of bonding and structure you would expect to find in crystalline selenium
dioxide.

_______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________[2]
2
2. (a) The following diagram shows the apparatus needed to measure the standard electrode potential of
copper.

(i) What do you understand by the term standard electrode potential ?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ [2]

(ii) In the spaces below, identify or describe what the three letters A – C represent .

A: ______________________________________________________________________

B: ______________________________________________________________________

C: ______________________________________________________________________
[3]

(b) A student wishes to measure the standard electrode potential of the Fe3+ / Fe2+ electrode. In the
space below, draw and label the set up for the right hand beaker that would replace the one shown
in the diagram above.

[2]
3+ 2+
(c) Predict how the E of the Fe / Fe electrode would vary as

(i) the [Fe3+] is increased ,

____________________________________________________________________________

3
 (ii) the [ Fe2+ ] is increased .

_________________________________________________________________________[1]

(d) An aqueous solution of iron (III) chloride is used to dissolve the excess of copper metal from
printed circuit boards.
Use the half equations and E0 values in the data booklet to
(i) write an equation for this reaction,

___________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Calculate the E0cell for the reaction.

__________________________________________________________________________
[2]

3. The boiling points of the halogens chlorine, bromine and iodine are shown below:

Halogen Boiling points , 0C

Chlorine -35
Bromine 59
Iodine 184

(a) Explain this trend in the boiling points of the halogens.

______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________[2]

(b) Iodine reacts with water as shown below.

I2(s) + H2O (l) IO- (aq) + 2H+ (aq) + I- (aq)

Determine the changes in the oxidation number of iodine in this reaction and comment on your
answer.

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________
[2]

4
(c) A student carries out the following investigation.
Step 1 : The student adds an excess of chlorine gas to an aqueous solution of potassium bromide.

Step 2 : The student adds aqueous silver nitrate to the resulting solution.

(i) In step 1, what would the student observe?

Write an ionic equation for the reaction that takes place.

Observation : _________________________________________________________________

Ionic equation : ________________________________________________________________

[2]

(ii) For step 2 , write the ionic equation, including state symbols for the reaction that takes
place.

________________________________________________________________________ [1]

(d) Many covalent compounds of the halogens such as CCl4 , have polar bonds. Polarity can be
explained in terms of electronegativity.
(i) Explain what is meant by electronegativity.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1]
(ii) Molecules of the covalent compound, CCl4 have polar bonds.
Draw a diagram to show the shape of the molecule, CCl4.
On your diagram, show the polarity of the bonds.

[1]
(iii) A molecule of CCl4 is non polar. Explain why.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
[1]

5
4 (a) A section of a polymer has the structure shown below. .

(i) Circle a repeat unit of this polymer on the diagram above. [1]

(ii) Deduce the empirical formula of this polymer.

______________________________________________________________________ [1]

(iii) Draw a structure for a monomer from which this polymer could be made.

[1]

(b) Proteins are natural polymers made from ά amino acids, such as glycine , H2NCH2COOH

(i) Name the functional group made during amino acid polymerization and draw its displayed
formula.

Name of functional group : ________________________________________

Displayed formula of functional group:

[2]
(ii) Name this type of polymerization .

_______________________________________________________________________ [1]

(iii) Draw a displayed formula for the dipeptide H, C4H8N2O3, made from glycine,
H2NCH2COOH.

[1]
6
 (iv) A student made 1.10g of dipeptide H starting from 1.40g of glycine. Calculate the
percentage yield obtained. Give your answers to 3 significant figures.

[2]

(v) When glycine is treated with hydrochloric acid a compound J , C2H6ClNO2 , is formed.
Draw s structure for compound J.

[1]

==========================================================================

SECTION B [ 60 marks ]
Answer any four questions in this section.

5 (a) There are trends in the physical and chemical properties of the oxides of the elements of period 3.
Using only the oxides of the elements magnesium, aluminium and sulphur, describe and explain
the trends in
- Chemical formula
- Structure and bonding
- Action of water [ 7]

(b) Lattice enthalpy is used to compare the strengths of ionic bonds.

Define the term lattice enthalpy.
Describe and explain the effect of ionic charge and ionic radius on the magnitude of a lattice
enthalpy.
Explain the trend in thermal decomposition of the carbonates of Group 2 elements. [ 8]

6.(a) The kinetics of the reaction

2NO (g) + Br2 (g) 2NOBr (g) ΔH = -23 kJ mol-1

are second order with respect to [ NO ] and first order with respect to [ Br2 ] . The reaction has an
activation energy of + 5.4 kJ mol-1
(i) Write the rate equation for the reaction and state the units of the rate constant.
(ii) Sketch and label a reaction pathway diagram for the reaction showing all relevant energy
changes. [4]

(b) (i) A bromoalkane, Rbr, is hydrolysed by aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Write a balance equation for the reaction and suggest what type of reaction it is.
7
 (ii) The following results were obtained from two experiments on such a hydrolysis. In each
experiment, the overall [ NaOH (aq) ] remained virtually constant at the value given at the
top of the column.

Time / min [ RBr ] / mol dm-3 when [ RBr ] / mol dm-3 when
[ OH- ] = 0.10 mol dm-3 [ OH- ] = 0.15 mol dm-3
0 0.0100 0.0100
40 0.0079 0.0070
80 0.0062 0.0049
120 0.0049 0.0034
160 0.0038 0.0024
200 0.0030 0.0017
240 0.0024 0.0012

Plot these data on suitable axes and use your graph to determine the following .
I Use the half life method to deduce the order of the reaction with respect to the
bromoalkane.
II Use the initial rates method to deduce the order of the reaction with respect to sodium
hydroxide.
III Construct a rate equation for the reaction and use it to calculate a value for the rate
constant.

(iii) Based on the answers to b (ii), explain the mechanism of the reaction.
[ 11]

7. (a) The following diagram shows, for different mixtures of liquids A and B, the partial vapour
pressures of the two components and the total vapour pressure of the mixture.

Vapour vapour
Pressure pressure

100% A 100% B

(i) Explain what this mixture deviates from Raoult’s Law.

(ii) What is meant by the term azeotrope, and what features of a mixture cause an azeotrope to
form ? [5]

8
(b) The table below gives information about hydrogen chloride, water and the azeotrope formed by
them. The azeotrope boils at 108.50C.

Substance Boiling point / 0C Azeotrope composition / % by mass

Hydrogen chloride 85.0 20.2
Water 100.0 79.8

Use this information to construct a liquid-vapour diagram. Use your diagram to show that it is
impossible to separate completely a mixture of these two compounds by distillation. [5]

(c) (i) What is meant by the partition coefficient ?

(ii) If iodine is shaken with 100 cm3 of water and 100 cm3 of an organic solvent, the
concentration of iodine in the water layer is 4.0 x 10-3 moldm-3 and in the organic
solvent is 1.0 x 10-2 moldm-3.
Calculate the partition coefficient for iodine between the organic solvent and water.
(iii) The aqueous layer is separated and shaken with 50cm3 of the pure organic solvent. What
will be the concentration of iodine in the organic solvent at equilibrium in moldm–3?
[6]

8. (a) Explain the following observations.

(i) An equipment made from iron can be prevented from rusting by connecting the
equipment to magnesium. Explain using the information from the data booklet.
[3]
(ii) Explain why the pH of an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate is less than 7.
[4]
(b) Give one chemical test that can be used to differentiate the following pairs of compounds.
State the observation and write the equation for the reaction.
(i) phenylmethanol and phenol
(ii) butan-2-ol and 2 methylpropane-2-ol [8]

9. Alpha hydroxyl acids (AHA) are used in skin-care products. For effective treatment of the skin , it
is important that the pH of cosmetics is closely controlled. Products are sold in a buffered form
with different pH ranges for different uses.
Glycolic acid , shown below is used as an AHA in many cosmetics.

HO

OH glycolic acid

(a) (i) Deduce the molecular formula of glycolic acid.

(ii) Glycolic acid is manufactured in two stages:

Stage 1 : Chloroethanoic acid. ClCH2COOH is reacted with aqueous sodium
hydroxide.
Stage 2 : The resulting solution is acidified.
Write equations for each stage in the manufacture of glycolic acid. [4]

9
(b) A glycolic acid skin care product has a buffered pH of 4.4. The buffer contains a solution of
glycolic acid and its sodium salt, sodium glycolate.
Explain what a buffer is and how this buffer system works. Include equations in your answer.
Calculate the proportions of glycolic acid and sodium glycolate in this skin care product.
Glycolic acid had a Ka value of 1.48 x 10-4 mol dm-3 . [6]

(c) A chemist investigated compound E , CxHyOz , as a prospective cosmetic for skin care.
A sample of 4.362 g of compound E was analysed by burning in oxygen to form 5.119g of CO2
and 1.575g of water. Mass spectrometry produced a molecular ion peak at m/e = 150.0.
Calculate the molecular formula of E. Show your working. [5]

10. In aqueous solutions , some organic compounds are bases and some are acids; others are neither.

(a) (i) Identify an organic compound that acts as an acid in water and give an equation to show
this behaviour.
(ii) Phenylamine, C6H5NH2 , acts as a base in water . Give an equation for this behaviour.
Suggest with reason, how the basicity of 3-chlorophenylamine, C, might compare with
that of phenylamine. [6]

NH2
NH2
C
Cl
phenylamine

(b) The dye D can be obtained from an amine and a phenol under suitable conditions.

CH3

CH3 - -N = N - - OH

Dye D CH3

Draw the structural formula of the amine and the phenol used to make D. Describe the reagents
and conditions required to convert these two compounds to D. [5]

(c) When Benzaldehyde is treated with very concentrated aqueous potassium hydroxide, followed by
acidification, two compounds , F ( C 7H8O ) and G (C7H6O2 ) are formed in equimolar amounts.
F and G both evolve hydrogen gas when treated with sodium metal. G dissolves in sodium
hydroxide but F does not, G can be obtained from F by treatment with acidified potassium
dichromate (VI).
Suggest structures for F and G, and explain the reactons they undergo. [5]

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

10
 ANSWERS
SECTION A [ 40 marks ]
Answer all questions in this section.

1 Selenium , Se, is in Group 16 of the periodic table and occurs in nature as a mixture of six isotopes
having the relative abundances given below :
Nucleon (mass) number % abundance
75 0.9
76 9.0
77 7.6
78 23.5
80 49.8
82 9.2
(a) Calculate the relative atomic mass , Ar , of selenium to three significant figures.
Ar = 0.9 x 74 + 9 x 76 + 7.6 x 77 + 23.5 x 78 + 49.8 x 80 + 9.2 x 82 = 79.1
100
[2]
(b) Predict the number of neutrons in the most abundant isotope of selenium and write down the
electronic configuration of the selenium atom.
Atomic no of 80 Se = 34 No of neutrons : 80 – 34 = 46
Configuration : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p4 / [ Ar ] 3d10 4s2 4p4
2 2 6 2

[2]

(c) How would you expect the first ionization energy of selenium to compare with that of
(i) sulphur and (ii) bromine ?
Give your reasoning.

(i) 1st I. E. of Se is lower / less endothermic than S .

Reason : Se and S in the same group, Se is larger than S, greater screening
effect, easier to lose the electron.

(ii) 1st I. E. of Se is lower / less endothermic than Br .

Reason : Both in the same period . Br has more protons, size is smaller, valence
e more tightly bound in Br
[4]

(d) Selenium dioxide, SeO2 , is a solid that melts at 3150C and does not conduct electricity when
molten. State the type of bonding and structure you would expect to find in crystalline selenium
dioxide. [2]
Bonding : covalent bond between Se and O
Structure : Giant molecular structure similar to SiO2

2. (a) The following diagram shows the apparatus needed to measure the standard electrode potential of
copper.

11
 (i) What do you understand by the term standard electrode potential ?
The electrode potential of an electrode measured against the standard hydrogen
electrode at std conditions ( 1 atm, 250C and concentration 1 mol dm-3 ) [2]

(ii) In the spaces below, identify or describe what the three letters A – C represent .

A: Voltmeter / Potentiometer

B: Salt bridge / KNO3

C: 1 mol dm-3 H+ / H3O+ / HCl / HNO3 / ½ mol dm-3 H2SO4

[3]

(b) A student wishes to measure the standard electrode potential of the Fe3+ / Fe2+ electrode. In the
space below, draw and label the set up for the right hand beaker that would replace the one shown
in the diagram above.

- - - - - Pt electrode
- - - - -
- - - - - solution containing Fe2+ / Fe3+ ion at
1 mol dm-3

[2]
(c) Predict how the E of the Fe3+ / Fe2+ electrode would vary as

(i) the [Fe3+] is increased ,

E0 increases / becomes more positive

ii) the [ Fe2+ ] is increased .

E0 decreases / becomes more negative [1]

12
(d) An aqueous solution of iron (III) chloride is used to dissolve the excess of copper metal from
printed circuit boards.
Use the half equations and E0 values in the data booklet to
(i) write an equation for this reaction,
2 Fe3+ (aq) + Cu (s) 2Fe2+ (aq) + Cu2+ (aq)

(ii) Calculate the E0cell for the reaction.

Ecell = ( 0.77 – 0.34 ) = + 0.43 V

[2]

3. The boiling points of the halogens chlorine, bromine and iodine are shown below:

Halogen Boiling points , 0C

Chlorine -35
Bromine 59
Iodine 184

(a) Explain this trend in the boiling points of the halogens.

Down the group , no of e shells increases, stronger van der Waals forces /
intermolecular forces . Greater force is needed to break the intermolecular force , so, b.
p. increases. [2]

(b) Iodine reacts with water as shown below.

I2(s) + H2O (l) IO- (aq) + 2H+ (aq) + I- (aq)

Determine the changes in the oxidation number of iodine in this reaction and comment on your
answer.
I2 to IO- = From 0 to +1 ( I2 is oxidized )
Disproportionation has occurred
I2 to I- = From 0 to -1 ( I2 is reduced )

[2]

(c) A student carries out the following investigation.

Step 1 : The student adds an excess of chlorine gas to an aqueous solution of potassium bromide.

Step 2 : The student adds aqueous silver nitrate to the resulting solution.

(i) In step 1, what would the student observe?

Write an ionic equation for the reaction that takes place.

Observation : Orange / Red / Yellow

Ionic equation : Cl2 (aq) + 2Br- (aq) 2Cl- (aq) + Br2 (aq)
[2]

13
 (ii) For step 2 , write the ionic equation, including state symbols for the reaction that takes
place.

Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) AgCl (s) [1]

(d) Many covalent compounds of the halogens such as CCl4 , have polar bonds. Polarity can be
explained in terms of electronegativity.
(i) Explain what is meant by electronegativity.

Attraction of an atom for e in a covalent bond [1]

(ii) Molecules of the covalent compound, CCl4 have polar bonds.

Draw a diagram to show the shape of the molecule, CCl4.
On your diagram, show the polarity of the bonds.
Clδ-

Cδ+
Clδ- Clδ-
δ-
Cl

[1]
(iii) A molecule of CCl4 is non polar. Explain why.

The polarities / dipoles cancel each other . [1]

4 (a) A section of a polymer has the structure shown below. .

(i) Circle a repeat unit of this polymer on the diagram above. [1]

(ii) Deduce the empirical formula of this polymer.

C4H8 = CH2 [1]

(iv) Draw a structure for a monomer from which this polymer could be made.
H CH3

C = C

H CH3 [1]
14
(b) Proteins are natural polymers made from ά amino acids, such as glycine , H2NCH2COOH

(i) Name the functional group made during amino acid polymerization and draw its displayed
formula.

Name of functional group : Peptide / amide

Displayed formula of functional group:

H

-C – N –

O
[2]
(ii) Name this type of polymerization .

Condensation [1]

(iii) Draw a displayed formula for the dipeptide H, C4H8N2O3, made from glycine,
H2NCH2COOH.
H H O H H O

N - C - C - N - C - C

H H H O - H [1]

(iv) A student made 1.10g of dipeptide H starting from 1.40g of glycine. Calculate the
percentage yield obtained. Give your answers to 3 significant figures.

2 H2NCH2COOH H2N-CH2-CONH-CH2 – COOH + H2O

2 moles gives 1 mol of dipeptide

1.40 = 1.4 x ½ = 9.3 x 10-3 mols dipeptide

75 75
Mass of dipeptide should be produced = 9.3 x 10-3 x 132 = 1.232 g

% yield = 1.10 / 1.232 x 100 = 89.29% [2]

(v) When glycine is treated with hydrochloric acid a compound J , C2H6ClNO2 , is formed.
Draw s structure for compound J.
O
+
H3N - CH2 – C Cl-
OH

[1]
15
ESSAY ANSWERS

Question Explanation Marks

5 (a) Chemical formula of oxides
MgO , Al2O3 , SO2 , SO3 1
Number of valence electrons increases from Mg to S / oxidation state of the
element increases. 1
Structure and bonding
MgO – ionic
Al2O3 – ionic with covalent character / intermediate bonding 1
SO2 , SO3 – covalent
Stucture
MgO - giant structures
Al2O3 1
SO2 , SO3 - simple molecules
..
Eg : [ Mg2+ ] [ : O : ] 2- 1
..
xx .. xx
xx O = S = O xx

Action of water
MgO reacts with water to give alkaline solution
MgO (s) + H2O (l) Mg(OH)2 (aq) 1

Al2O3 does not react with water . 1

SO2 and SO3 reacts to give an acidic solution.

SO2 (g) + H2O (l) H2SO3 (aq) 1
Max 7
5(b) Lattice enthalpy is energy released when 1 mol of ionic solid is formed from its
gaseous ions . 1
Lattice enthalpy ά q+ q- / charge 1
r+ + r- radius
Higher the charge on the ions, the larger the lattice energy / more exothermic 1

Smaller the size of the ions, larger the lattice energy / more exothermic 1

Thermal Decomposition of carbonates

Group 2 carbonates - BeCO3 , MgCO3 , CaCO3 , SrCO3 and BaCO3

MCO3 (s) MO (s) + CO2 (g) 1

Down the group,
Thermal stability increases 1
Reason – size on the cation is getting bigger. 1
- cation not able to polarize the electron cloud of the carbonate ion /
- size of the cation (M2+) increases , causing a decrease in charge 1
density and a decrease in the polarizing power.

Q6 (a) (i) Rate = k [ NO ]2 [ Br2 ] 1

16
 Units for k = mol-2 dm6 s-1 1

(ii)

+5.4kJ
2NO (g) + Br2 (g)

2
23 kJ
2 NOBr (g)

Reaction coordinate

6 (b) (i) RBr + NaOH R – OH + NaBr 1

Type = nucleophilic substitution. 1

(ii) Graph - axes labelled 1

- 2 curves 2
I From the graph
1st half life = 2nd half life ( values given)
Half life is a constant 1
Reaction is first order with respect to [RBr ] 1

II Initial rates measured from the tangent of both curves when time = 0

[ OH- ] [ RBr ] Initial rates / mol dm-3 min-1

Set 1 0.10 0.010 5.77 x 10-5
Set 2 0.15 0.010 9.62 x 10-5 1

Rate = k [ OH- ] n [ RBr ]

Set 2 9.62 x 10-5 = k [ OH- ]n [ 0.01 ]

Set 1 5.77 x 10-5 k [ OH- ]n [ 0.01 ]

n=1
Order with respect to [ OH- ] = 1 ( first order ) 1

III Rate = k [ OH- ] [ RBr ]

1
Using set 1 or set 2 / (students results)

k = rate / [ OH- ] [RBr]

= 5.77 x 10-5 / 0.10 x 0.010
= 0.0577 mol-1 dm3 min-1 1

6(b) (iii) SN2 mechanism 1

17
 δ+
R - Brδ- slow Rδ+ ------Brδ- fast R – OH + Br- 1
OH-

Intermediate complex 1

Max 15

7 (a) (i) Mixture shows negative deviation 1

Mixture has a vapor pressure lower than predicted by ideal behavior 1
There is stronger interaction between the two molecules
The forces of attraction between A and B are stronger than between A and 1
A molecules or between B and B molecules.

(ii) Azeotrope is a ,mixture with constant boiling point that produces a vapor 1
with the same composition as the liquid. 1

7 (b)

vapor vapor 108.6 Temp / 0C

100
85 liquid
liquid
3

0 79.8 100%

% of water

Sketch = 1
Axes = 1
Correct b. p = 1
When a mixture of any composition is fractionally distilled, for example at 80%
water, the vapor will be richer in water and water will be the first distillate 2
followed by the azeotropic mixture.

7 (c) (i) Partition coefficient is the ratio of the concentration of a solute , X , in the 1
two solvents at equilibrium at a fixed temperature, which is a constant.
Or
K = [ X ] solvent 1
[ X ] solvent 2

(ii) [ I2 ] organic layer = [ 1 x 10-2 ] = 2.5 1

18
 [ I2 ] water [ 4 x 10-3 ]

(iii) No of mols of I2 in 100 cm3 of water = 4 .0 x 10-3 x 100 = 4.0 x 10-4 mols
1000

Let x mol of I2 in 50 cm3 of solvent ,

So , [ 4.0 x 10 - x ] mols of I2 remain in 100 cm3 of water.
-4

So, [ x x 1000 / 50 ] 0rganic layer = 2.5

[ 4.0 x 10-4 – x / 100 ] water 1

x = 2.2 x 10-4 mols 1

So, [ I2 ] solvent = 2.22 x 10-4 x 1000 = 4.44 x 103 mol dm-3 1

50

8 (a) (i) Mg2+ + 2 e = Mg E0 = -2.38V

Fe2+ + 2e = Fe E0 = -0.44 V

E0 value of Mg is more negative compared to iron. / Mg is more 1

Electropositive
It will undergo oxidation rather than iron 1
Acts as the sacrificial anode 1

(ii) NH4NO3 (aq) NH4+ (aq) + NO3- (aq) complete ionization

1
+ +
NH4 (aq) + H2O (l) NH3 (aq) + H3O (aq)

- NH4NO3 is a salt that dissolves / dissociates completely to produce NH4+ 1

ion.
- NH4+ ion acts as a Bronsted Lowry acid. 1
- donating H to water and producing NH3 and H3O+ ion which makes the 1
solution acidic.

8 (b)
(i) phenyl methanol and phenol 1
Chemical test = FeCl3 1
Observation = phenol reacts to form a purple solution 1
Phenyl methanol – no reaction
Equation
1
OH + FeCl3 r. t. OH …..FeCl3

19
 (ii) butan-2 ol and 2 methylpropan-2 ol
Butan-2 ol = secondary alcohol & 2 methylpropan-2 ol = 30 alcohol

Chemical test = triiodimethane test or Oxidation using KCr2O7 acidified 1

Observation = butan -2 ol produces a yellow precipitate of CHI3 1

2 methylpropan- 2 ol shows no reaction / 1

Butan-2 –ol is oxidized . Reagent turns green

2 methylpropan- 2 ol shows no reaction

Equation 1

9 (a)
(i) C2H4O3 1

(ii)

9(b)
20
 3

1
Or pH = pKa - log [ salt ] / [ acid ]

4.4 = - log (11.48 x 10-4 ) - log [ salt ] / [ acid ]

[ salt ] / [ acid ] = 3.72

9 (c)

21
 5

10 (a)
(i) carboxylic acid / phenol / amino acid / named example or correct formula ! 1

equation to give the correct negative ion !

1
- +
CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO (aq) + H3O (aq)

(ii) C6H5NH2 + H2O C6H5NH3+ + OH- 1

3-chlorophenylamine is a weaker base than phenylamine. 1

- chlorine is e withdrawing 1
- Reduces the availability of the lone pair on nitrogen for donation by the 1
inductive effect.

10(b)
Amine Phenol CH3
CH3 NH2 2
OH

CH3

22
 CH3 NH2 NaNO2 / HCl CH3 N ≡ N+ 1
0–50C Condition
CH3 – 1m

CH3 N ≡ N+ + OH NaOH D
1
CH3

10(c)
F= G
CH2OH 2
COOH

F and G both react with Na.

- so both are acids 1
H2 gas is liberated and salt is formed

G dissolves in NaOH but F does not .

So, G is a carboxylic acid 1

G can be obtained from F through oxidation

So, F is a primary alcohol 1

Reaction equations.
F CH2OH CH2O-Na+
2 + 2Na 2 + H2 (g)

Oxidation of F
CH2OH COOH
K2Cr2O7
+ [O] H+

G
2 COOH + 2Na COO- Na+ + H2 (g)

COOH + NaOH COO-Na+ + H2O

23