Angles of Elevation

19 and Depression

Paper 1 4. R
x
1. T 6m

x
Q P
12 m 9m

θ 6
tan x = —
P 8m Q 9
x = 33°41′
12
tan θ = –––
8 The angle of depression of P from R is 33°41′.
θ = 56.3° Answer: D
The angle of elevation of T from P is 56.3°.
Answer: A 5.
G

2. R

26.5°
hm E F
20 m
41.5°
Q FG
P 12 m tan 26.5° = ––––
20
FG = 20 × tan 26.5°
h
tan 41.5° = ––– = 9.97 m
12
h = 12 × tan 41.5° Answer: B
= 10.62 m
Answer: B 6.
T

3. H
38.4° 62 m

48°
38.4° U V
F G
9.5 m 62
tan 48° = ––––
UV
FH 62
tan 38.4° = –––– UV = –––––––
9.5 tan 48°
FH = 9.5 × tan 38.4° = 55.8 m
= 7.53 m
Answer: B
Answer: B

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   Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 19

4. P

Paper 1 30 m

1. Y 50 m X
P

30
14 m tan ∠PYX =
50
Q R ∠PYX = 30°589
12 m
The angle of depression of point Y from P is 30°589.
Answer: A
tan ∠QRP = 14
12
∠QRP = 49°249
5.
The angle of elevation of P from R is 49°249.
Answer: C 32 m

2.
42°
G xm

65° 32
tan 42° =
x
32
7m
x =
tan 42°
65° x
F N E = 35.54
Answer: C

7
tan 65° = –––
FN
7 6.
FN = ––––––– P P
tan 65°
10° 3.5 m
= 3.264 m 5°
FE = 2 × 3.264 T Y X

= 6.528 m
7 Let P = Eye level
tan x = ––––––
6.528 3.5
x = 47° tan 5° =
TX
The angle of elevation of G from E is 47°. 3.5
TX =
tan 5°
Answer: D
= 40.01 m

3. 3.5
V tan 10° =
TY
3.5
TY =
W T tan 10°
= 19.85 m

XY = TX – TY
U S
= 40.01 – 19.85
The angle of elevation of V from T is ∠WTV. = 20.16 m

Answer: D Answer: A

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  Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 19 

7. 10. Nur
S
x 35° Angle of
depression

24 m 35°
x
U X 5m Cat

Answer: B
38°
V 12 m T

UV 11.
tan 38° = ––––
12 P
UV = 12 × tan 38°
= 9.375 m 8m
SX = 24 − 9.375 26°
= 14.625 m R
Q
SX
tan x = –––– 8
UX tan 26° = ––––
14.625 RQ
= ––––––
12 8
RQ = ––––––
x = 50°38′ tan 26°
The angle of depression of U from S is 50°38′. = 16.4 m
Answer: B Answer: D

8.
E G
θ

Paper 1
1.
F H W

Answer: A
20 m

9. Q
62°
X Y
h
YW
sin 62° = ––––
28° 20
P 30 m YW = 20 × sin 62°
= 17.66 m
h
tan 28° = –––
30 Answer: C
h = 30 × tan 28°
= 15.95 m
Answer: B

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   Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 19

2. HF
V tan ∠HGF = ––––
13
9.9955
= –––––––
13
42°
30° U
6m ∠HGF = 37°33′
X Y
The angle of depression of G from H is 37°33′.

UV Answer: C
tan 42° = ––––
6
UV = 6 × tan 42° 5.
M
= 5.4024 m
Angle of depression
UV
tan 30° = ––––
XU 5m
UV
XU = ––––––– 9m x
tan 30° N

5.4024
= ––––––– 4m 4m
tan 30°
= 9.36 m P 8.5 m Q
Answer: C 5
tan x = ––––
8.5
3. x = 30.47°
T
The angle of depression of N from M is 30.47°.
Answer: A
26°
P 4m Q 8m R
6.
QT T
tan 26° = ––––
8 R
QT = 8 × tan 26°
= 3.9019 m S

QT
tan ∠TPQ = –––– P Q
4
3.9019 The angle of elevation of T from P is ∠TPQ.
= –––––––
4
∠TPQ = 44°17′ Answer: D
The angle of elevation of T from P is 44°17′.
7. T
Answer: B
3m
4.
H R

Angle of depression

18.5°
P Q
G 5.5 m
48° F 13 m
9m
E RP
tan 18.5° = ––––
HF 5.5
tan 48° = –––– RP = 5.5 × tan 18.5°
9
HF = 9 × tan 48° = 1.84 m
= 9.9955 m PT = 3 + 1.84
= 4.84
= 4.8 m
Answer: D

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  Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 19 

8. 11.
R T

R
T
2m
28° 10° 16°
V P Q
16 m U 24 m

RU RQ
tan 28° = –––– tan 10° = ––––
16 24
RU = 16 × tan 28° RQ = 24 × tan 10°
= 8.51 m = 4.232 m
TR = 8.51 − 2 TQ
= 6.51 m tan 16° = ––––
24
Answer: B TQ = 24 × tan 16°
= 6.882 m
9. Q TR = TQ − RQ
= 6.882 − 4.232
= 2.65 m
The distance between the two birds is 2.65 m.
P Answer: C

12.
22° M
L N

The angle of elevation of the window cleaner, P, from 22°

T
P
the man, L, is ∠NLP. 30 m 30 m
Answer: A Q 120 m N

10. MT
H tan 22° = ––––
PT
MT = PT × tan 22°
6m = 120 × tan 22°
9m = 48.48 m
G
MN = 48.48 + 30
x 3m
y = 78.48
E
15 m F = 78.5 m
Answer: D
9
tan x = –––
15 13.
x = 30°58′ V
Angle of depression
3
tan y = –––
15
51.4 m
y = 11°19′ U
x T
x − y = 30°58′ − 11°19′ 20.8 m
= 19°39′
R 350 m Q
The difference between the angles of elevation of H
and G from E is 19°39′.
Answer: B

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   Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 19

VT = 51.4 − 20.8 16. V

= 30.6 m
VT Y 26 m X
tan x = ––––
UT 12.5°

30.6 10 m
= ––––
350
x = 5° Z

The angle of depression of U from V is 5°. = XY  − YZ 

XZ  2 2 2

Answer: B XZ = 262 − 102

= 24 m
14. ZV
R tan 12.5° = ––––
XZ
ZV = XZ × tan 12.5°
= 24 × tan 12.5°
= 5.32 m
Answer: C
40°
T S
1.8 m 1.8 m
P 6m Q 17.

RT H
tan 40° = –––
ST
RT = ST × tan 40°
= 6 × tan 40°
= 5.03 m
RP = 5.03 + 1.8 63°
= 6.83 m P 760 m Q

The height of the bird from the ground is 6.83 m.

HQ
Answer: D tan 63° = ––––
760
HQ = 760 × tan 63°
15. H = 1492 m
72°
The height of the helicopter from the ground is
1492 m.
Answer: C

72°
51.6° F
18.
6.5 m G H

HF
tan 51.6° = ––––
6.5 32.5° G
E 80 m
HF = 6.5 × tan 51.6°
= 8.2 m
x 120 m
HF
tan 72° = ––––
FG F
HF
FG = ––––––– HG
tan 72° tan 32.5° = ––––
80
8.2
= ––––––– HG = 80 × tan 32.5°
tan 72°
= 50.966 m
= 2.66 m
Answer: C

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  Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 19 

HG 21.
tan x = –––– T
FG
50.966
= –––––––
120 P
34 m
R
x = 23.01° 28.5°

The angle of depression of F from H is 23.01°. 16 m

Answer: A
Q

19. T
55° 35° QR2 = PR2 − PQ2
QR = 342 − 162
= 30 m
55° 35° TQ
R Q
P tan 28.5° = ––––
16
80 m TQ = 16 × tan 28.5°
= 8.687 m
TR
tan 35° = –––– TQ
80 tan ∠TRQ = ––––
TR = 80 × tan 35° QR
= 56.02 m 8.687
= –––––
30
TR
tan 55° = –––– ∠TRQ = 16°9′
RQ
TR The angle of elevation of T from R is 16°9′.
RQ = –––––––
tan 55° Answer: B
56.02
= –––––––
tan 55°
V
= 39.23 m 22.

PQ = PR − RQ
= 80 − 39.23 4.5 m
= 40.77
25 m
= 40.8 m R Q

The distance between the two cars is 40.8 m. 7m

T
Answer: C
P

20. PQ2 = QR2 − RP2

H
J
252 − 72
PQ = ABBBBBB
= 24 m
24
PT = –––
2
= 12 m
P Q R VT
tan ∠VPT = ––––
PT
The angle of depression of Q from H is ∠JHQ. 4.5
= –––
Answer: A 12
∠VPT = 20°33′
The angle of elevation of V from P is 20°33′.
Answer: C

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