Good morning! I’m Audrey Dimalibot again from Group.. Today I’ll be discussing about Composites.

Composite:

A composite material is a combination of two or more chemically distinct and insoluble phases with
recognizable interface, in such manner that its properties and structural performance are superior to
those of the constituents acting independently.

Making Composites:

Matrix – continuous phase that surrounds or binds together the other phase

Purpose is to:
- transfer stress to other phases
- protect phases from environment

Classificcation: MMC, CMC, PMC

Reinforcement- disperesed phase of the composite

Purpose is to: enhance the matrix properties

Classification: Particle, fiber, structural

The properties of composites are a function of the properties of the constituent phases, their relative
amounts, and the geometry of the dispersed phase

“Dispersed phase geometry” in this context means the shape of the particles and the particle size,
distribution, and orientation; these characteristics are represented in Figure 16.1
Particle-Reinforced Composite

(from the name itself, “particle-reinforced” composite, meaning ung reinforcement ng composite
material na to is particles or in particulate form)

The main distinction between Large-particle and Dispersions-Strengthened Composite

Large-particle Composite – the particle–matrix interactions cannot be treated on the atomic or

molecular level; rather, continuum mechanics is used.

Dispersions-Strengthened Composite- Particle–matrix interactions that lead to strengthening occur on

the atomic or molecular level.

Large-particle Composite

-Particles can have quite a variety of geometries, but they should be of approximately the same
dimension in all directions (equiaxed)

-For effective reinforcement, the particles should be small and evenly distributed throughout the matrix.

-Volume fraction of the two phases influences the behavior; mechanical properties are enhanced with
increasing particulate content
Concrete – is a good example for large-particle composite

- is composed of cement (the matrix), and sand and gravel (the aggregate particles)

The aggregate particles act as a filler material to reduce the overall cost of the concrete product because
they are cheap, whereas cement is relatively expensive.

To achieve the optimum strength and workability of a concrete mixture, the ingredients must be added
in the correct proportions.

Reinforced Concrete - The strength of concrete may be increased by additional reinforcement, usually
accomplished by means of steel rods, wires, bars (rebar), or mesh, which are embedded into the fresh
and uncured concrete.
Why Steel?

its coefficient of thermal expansion is nearly the same as that of concrete

is not rapidly corroded in the cement environment

a relatively strong adhesive bond is formed between it and the cured concrete

Dispersions-Strengthened Composite

- A result of uniform dispersion of very small particles (usually less than 0.1 µm) of a very hard
and inert phase within a load-bearing matrix phase
- The dispersed phase may be metallic or nonmetallic; oxide materials are often used.

Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Fiber- is the reinforcement or the dispersed phase

Fiber themselves are very strong therefore they provide strength improvement to the material