Computer Architecture

Homework:01
Group: Vo Hoang Chuong

1) Aside from the smart cell phones used by a billion people, list and describe
four other types of computers:
- Servers: A computer used for running larger programs for multiple users, often
simultaneously, and typically accessed only via a network.
- Personal Computer (PC): A computer designed for use by an individual, usually
incorporating a graphics display, a keyboard, and a mouse.
- Super Computers: A class of computers with the highest performance and cost;
they are configured as servers and typically cost tens to hundreds of millions of
dollars.
- Embedded Computers: A computer inside another device used for running one
predetermined application or collection of software.
2) Describe the steps that transform a program written in a high-level language
such as C into a representation that is directly executed by a computer
processor
Compilers transform high - level language
programs (in C for example) into assembly
language program (for MIPS) and the assembler
transform assembly language into binary machine
language (for MIPS).
Example:

3)
a) The minimum size in bytes of the frame
buffer to store a frame:
3 colors where each color uses 8 bits/pixel: 3 x 8 =
24 bits/pixel = 3 bytes/pixel
Frame Size = 1024 x 1280 pixels = 1310720 pixels
Minimum size in bytes of the frame buffer to store a
frame = 1310720 x 3 = 3932160 bytes
3932160 x 8
b) It takes: = 0.315 s for the
100∗106
frame to be sent over a 100Mbit/s network
4)
 a) CPUTime1 = Instruction Count x CPI1 x CycleTime1
1
= Instruction Count x CPI1 x
ClockRate1
1
= I x 1.5 x
3x10^9

= I x 0.5 x 10 ^ -9 s

CPUTime2 = Instruction Count x CPI2 x CycleTime2

1
= Instruction Count x CPI2 x
ClockRate2
1
= I x 1.0 x
2.5x10^9

= I x 0.4 x 10 ^ -9 s

CPUTime3 = Instruction Count x CPI3 x CycleTime3

1
= Instruction Count x CPI3 x
ClockRate3
1
= I x 2.2 x
4x10^9

= I x 0.55 x 10 ^ -9 s

Processor P2 has the highest performance

b)
 P1:
ClockCycles1 = CPUTime x ClockRate1
= 10s x 3 x 109 Hz
= 3 x 1010 cycles
CPUtime1 10𝑠
Number of Instructions = = −9 = 2 x 1010
CPI1 x CycleTime1 0.5 𝑥 10
 P2:
ClockCycles2 = CPUTime x ClockRate2
= 10s x 2.5 x 109 Hz
= 2.5 x 1010 cycles
 CPUtime2 10𝑠
Number of Instructions = = −9 = 2.5 x 1010
CPI2 x CycleTime2 0.4 𝑥 10
 P3:
ClockCycles3 = CPUTime x ClockRate3
= 10s x 4 x 109 Hz
= 4 x 1010 cycles
CPUtime1 10𝑠
Number of Instructions = = −9 = 1.82 x 1010
CPI1 x CycleTime1 0.55 𝑥 10

c) Execution time is reduced by 30% => t = 7 s

CPI is increased by 20%

P1: CPI = 1.5 x 1.2 = 1.8

NumberofInstruction x CPI 2 𝑥 1010 𝑥 1.8
ClockRate1 = = = 5.14 GHz
CPUtime 7𝑠
P2: CPI = 1 x 1.2 = 1.2
NumberofInstruction x CPI 2.5 𝑥 1010 𝑥 1.2
ClockRate2 = = = 4.29 GHz
CPUtime 7𝑠
P1: CPI = 2.2 x 1.2 = 2.64
NumberofInstruction x CPI 1.82 𝑥 1010 𝑥 2.64
ClockRate3 = = = 6.86
CPUtime 7𝑠
GHz
5)
A B C D
10% 20% 50% 20%
IC 1 2 5 2
P1 1 2 3 3
P2 2 2 2 2

a)
Class A = 10% x 10^6 = 10^5 instructions
Class B = 20% x 10^6 = 2x10^5 instructions
Class C = 50% x 10^6 = 5x10^5 instructions
Class D = 30% x 10^6 = 2x10^5 instructions

CPUTime = (Instruction Count x CPI) / Clock Rate

 P1 total time= ((1x10^5x1) + (2x10^5x2) + (5x10^5x3) + (2x10^5x3))/
(2.5 x10^9) = 10.41x 10-4s
P2 total time= ((1x10^5x2) + (2x10^5x2) + (5x10^5x2) + (2x10^5x2))/
(3.0 x10^9) = 6.66 x10-4s
Global CPI = ∑ ((CPI x Instruction Count)/ Instruction Count)
Global CPI for P1 =10.41 x 10^-4 x 2.5 x 10^9 /10^6 = 2.6
Global CPI for P2 =6.66 x 10^-4 x 3 x 10^9 /10^6 = 2
b)
ClockCycle1 = CPUTime x ClockRate1
= 10.41 x 10^-4 x 2.5 x 10^9
= 2602500 cycles
ClockCycle2 = CPUTime x ClockRate2
= 6.66 x 10^-4 x 3 x 10^9
= 1998000 cycles