BIOMEDICAL

POLYMER
PRESENTED BY
SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN

SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN
III B.Sc chemistry.
10/9/2018
CONTENT
• BIOMEDICAL POLYMERS

• APPLICATION
 ARTIFICIAL HEART
 HISTORY
 POLYMER USED
 PROPERTY
 PREPARATION
SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN  ADVATAGE AND DISADVANTAGE
10/9/2018
 BIOMEDICAL POLYMER

NATURAL POLYMER
Polymers produced from living organisms.These
polymers are biodegradable.

EXAMPLES:PROTEINS(skin,muscles,hair,enzymes)
DNA (information polymer)
CHITOSAN,COLLAGEN,CELLULOSE.

Synthetic biopolymer: NATURAL

They are biocompatible,easily POLMER
manufactured and low cost.
Example:poly lactic acid,
polyacrylamide,ppolyethylene glycol
SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018
 CLASSIFICATION

BIOSTABLE

SYNTHETIC BIOERODABLE
POLYMER

WATER
SOLUBLE

SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018

 BIOSTABLE-Polymers that are biostable to long term use.And physiologically inert.And also
chemically and thermally inert

Example: In Blood Pumps , Blood Vessel Prosthesis , Heart Valves , Skeletal Joints , Kidney
Prosthesis and so on.

BIOERODABLE-These polymers will be in short term use.and get decomposed.

Example: surgical sutures,tissue ingrowth polymer,

WATER SOLUBLE-Water-soluble polymers (usually bioerodible) that

form part of plasma or whole blood substitute solutions or which function as macromolecular
drugs.

Example: synthetic blood substitutes as viscosity enhancers or as oxygen transport

macromolecules.
SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018
WHAT IS THE TYPE OF POLYMER USED IN
ARTIFICIAL HEART?

BIOSTABLE
SYNTHETIC
BIOPOLMER

SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018

Host Response: The response of the host organism (local and systemic) to the implanted polymeric
material or device.
Biocompatibility : The ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response, in a
specific application.
Toxicology: Should not be toxic.
Appropriate Design and Manufacturability: Biomaterials should be machinable, moldable,
extrudable.
Mechanical Properties of Biomedical polymers: Tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus,
surface finish,
creep, and hardness.

SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018

ARTIFICIAL
HEART
 ARTIFICIAL HEART

An artificial heart is a device that replaces the heart.

Artificial hearts are typically used to bridge the time to heart
transplantion or to permanently replace the heart in case
transplantation is impossible.
A wide variety of polymers such as Silicone rubber,
Polyurethane rubber, Dacron polyester, Teflon, Polycarbonate,
PMMA, PVC, and Pyrolytic carbon.
. Most of these material cause blood clotting, destruction of red
cells, or alteration of the blood proteins, although some are markedly
better than others.

SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018

A related device is the intraaortic balloon, a 25cm*2cm polyurethane ballooninserted in to the
aorta
which expands as compressed helium or carbon dioxide is pulsed in or out. Other devices use
hemisphere of titanium,polycarbonate,or PMMA containing a PU diaphragm .
Pulses of compressed air or carbon dioxide actuate the diaphragm and cause the pumping of the
blood.

Polyurethanes are among the most commonly used flexible biomaterials. They have excellent flexing
strength.
The diaphragm in a heart pump would have to withstand about 90 million flexing motions without breaking
over a 10 year period. Calcification of PU membranes is a problem during long-term use.

Silicone rubber is an ideal biomaterial. Its chemical inertness is impressive, and it is soft and flexible.
However, it can promote blood clotting if the blood is flowing slowly, and it can fail after continuous flexing.
Another problem is the tendency of silicone rubber to absorb fats from the blood, to swell, and eventually to
weaken.
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On 10 July 2017, Cohrs and colleagues presented a new
concept of a soft total artificial heart in the Journal of
Artificial Organs.[
The heart was developed in the Functionals Materials
Laboratory at ETH Zurich.
The soft artificial heart (SAH) was created from silicone
with the help of 3D printing technology.
The SAH is a silicone monoblock. It weighs 390g, has a
volume of 679 cm^3 and is operated through
pressurized air.

SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018

 PREPARTION OF POLY URETHANE

SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018

SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018
Polyurethane is a leading member of the wide-ranging and highly
diverse family of polymers or plastics.
Polyurethane can be a solid or can have an open cellular structure, in
which case it is called foam…
and foams can be flexible or rigid.
As simple explanation, manufacturers make polyurethane foam by
reacting polyols and diisocyanates,
both products derived from crude oil. A series of additives are necessary
to produce
high-quality PU foam products, depending on the application the foam
will be used for.
SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018
Polyurethane Advantages & Properties
High Load Bearing Capacity
Polyurethane has a high load capacity in both tension and compression. Polyurethane may
undergo a change in shape
under a heavy load, but will return to its original shape once the load is removed with little
compression set in the material
when designed properly for a given application.

Flexibility
Polyurethanes perform very well when used in high flex fatigue applications. Flexural
properties can be isolated allowing
for very good elongation and recovery properties.
SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018
 Abrasion & Impact Resistance
For applications where severe wear prove challenging, polyurethanes are an
ideal solution even at low temperatures.
Tear Resistance
Polyurethanes possess high tear resistance along with high tensile properties.
Resistance to Water, Oil & Grease
Polyurethane's material properties will remain stable (with minimal swelling) in
water / oil / grease. Polyether compounds
will last many years in subsea applications.
Electrical Properties
Polyurethanes exhibit good electrical insulating properties.

SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018

SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018
 Advantages
The main advantage with
artficial hearts is that they
are not rejected by the
body's immune system. This is
because they're made from
metals or plastics, so the
body doesn't recognise them
as 'foreign' and attack in the
same way it does with living
tissue
SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN
Disadvantages
Surgery to fit an artificial heart can
lead to bleeding and infection.
Artificial hearts don't work as
healthy as natural ones-parts could wear
out or the electrical motor could fail.
Blood flow doesnt flow through
artificial hearts as smoothly, which can
cause blood clots and lead to strokes.
The patient has to take drugs to thin
their blood and make sure this doesn't
happen, which can cause problems with
bleeding if they're hurt in an accident.
10/9/2018
REFERENCE
• Informationvine.com
• www.informationvine.com
• Biopolymer - Wikipedia
• en.wikipedia.org

• List of synthetic polymers - Wikipedia

• en.wikipedia.org

• Biopolymers and Artificial Biopolymers in Biomedical Applications, an Overview | SpringerLink

• link.springer.com

• Biopolymers - Difference between Biopolymers & Synthetic Polymers

• byjus.com

• Polyurethane Advantages - Urethane Properties & Benefits | Precision Urethane

• www.precisionurethane.com
SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018
 • Formulation, Preparation, and Characterization of Polyurethane Foams | Request PDF
www.researchgate.net

• What is polyurethane foam? | Europur

www.europur.org
Testing a soft artificial heart | ETH Zurich
www.ethz.ch

• Advantages and Disadvantages of an artificial heart (6) - Advantages and disadvantages

table in GCSE Biology
getrevising.co.uk

• A simple artificial heart could permanently replace a failing human one - MIT Technology
Review.mhtml

• biomedicalpolymers-140402210108-phpapp02 (2).pdf

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 For healthy life

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Say no to

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Avoid

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Say yes to

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SOWMIYA SAMBASIVAN 10/9/2018