Introduction and Fundamentals

of Digital Image Processing

Lai Thi Anh Nga

June, 26th 2010
 Introduction
• Instructor: Lai Thi Anh Nga
Email: ltanhnga@gmail.com
• Research interests:
Image processing, computer vision, multimedia,
video coding
• References:
– R.C. Gonzalez and R.E. Woods, “Digital Image
Processing”, 3rd Ed.,Prentice-Hall’2007
– R.C. Gonzalez and R.E. Woods, “ Digital Image
Processing using MATLAB ”, 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall’2004
 Survey
• What is Picture? Image?
• What is Digital Image?
History of Digital Image
 The born of Digital Computers & DIP
• The images in previous slides are digital; but
they are NOT considered as the results of DIP
• What do we mean by Digital Image Processing?
– Processing digital images by a digital computer
• DIP has been dependent on the development of
digital computers and other supporting
technologies (e.g., data storage, display and
transmission)
 The Boom of Digital Images in the
Last 20 Years
• Acquisition
– Digital cameras, scanners
– MRI and Ultrasound imaging
– Infrared and microwave imaging
• Transmission
– Internet, wireless communication
• Display
– Printers, LCD monitor, digital TV
 What is a digital image?
• What is an image?
– Picture, Photograph
– Visual data
– Usually two- or three-dimensional
• What is a digital image?
– An image which is “discretized,” i.e., defined on
a discrete grid (ex. scanner)
– Two-dimensional collection of light intensity
values (or gray values)
– Matrix, two-dimensional function
What is digital image processing?
• DIP deals with the manipulation and
analysis of pictures by a computer.
• Improve pictorial information for better
clarity (human interpretation).
• Automatic machine processing of scene data
(interpretation by a machine/non-human,
storage, transmission).
DIP in Early Projects (1)
• Space project:
The first picture of moon by
US spacecraft Ranger 7 on
July 31, 1964 at 9:09AM EDT
DIP in Early Projects (2)

• Computer Tomography
Sir Godfrey N. Housefield
and Prof. Allan M. Cormack
shared 1979 Nobel Prize in
Medicine for the invention of CT
Photography (3)
Motion Pictures (4)
Law Enhancement and
Biometrics (5)
Light Microscopy (6)
Automated Visual Inspection
 Levels in Image Processing
• Level 0: Image representation (acquisition,
sampling, quantization, compression)
• Level 1: Image-to-image transformations
(enhancement, restoration, segmentation)
• Level 2: Image-to-parameter transformation
(feature selection)
• Level 3: Parameter-to-decision
transformation (recognition and
interpretation)
 Image Processing and Analysis
Transformations
• Image Processing: Levels 0 and 1
• Image Analysis: Levels 1 and 2
• Computer/Robot Vision: Levels 2 and 3
• Computer Graphics/Animation ?
– This mainly involves “creating images” or “visual
effects” from a given description.
• Image processing and analysis is mainly
concerned with “interpreting” a given image.
Fundamental steps in DIP
A DIP System
Tour Guide for a Beginner
 Specific Objectives
• Know basics of digital image processing
including image acquisition, perception,
transformation, compression, enhancement,
interpolation, restoration, analysis, and so on
• MATLAB:
– Implement basic image processing algorithms
– Some functions provided by MATLAB image
processing toolbox
• Library for DIP: OpenCV, AForge
Q&A