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Body System Checklist

Circulatory System
● Major functions of circulatory system: responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients,
hormones, oxygen and other gases to and from cells. Helps to fight disease/maintain a
stable internal environment — such as proper temperature and pH
● Diagram that includes the major parts - heart, artery, vein, capillary - and list the
function(s) of each.

Heart - The heart is a pump, which moves the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ,
which functions as a pump for the movement of blood through the body.
Artery - Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues, except for
pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation
Vein - They are responsible for returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart after arteries
carry blood out.
Capillary - They bring nutrients and oxygen to tissues and remove waste products.
• Describe each of the components of blood- red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, &
plasma
Red blood cells - Red cells contain a special protein called hemoglobin, which helps carry
oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and then returns carbon dioxide from the body to
the lungs so it can be exhaled.
White blood cells - White blood cells are the cells of the immune system that are involved in
protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
Platelets - To prevent bleeding
Plasma - The liquid part of the blood and lymphatic fluid, which makes up about half of the
volume of blood. Plasma is devoid of cells and, unlike serum, has not clotted. Contains
antibodies and other proteins.
• Describe the path blood travels through your body
Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying
oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium. As the atrium contracts, blood flows
from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. Use 2 examples.
Your respiratory system relies on your circulatory system to deliver the oxygen it gathers, while
the muscles of your heart cannot function without the oxygen they receive from your lungs.
• Describe two diseases associated with your body system
Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the lung airways that causes coughing, wheezing, chest
tightness or shortness of breath.
Lung cancer is often associated with smoking, but the disease can affect non-smokers as well.
Digestive System
• Major functions of digestive system - The function of the digestive system is digestion
and absorption. Digestion is the breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then
absorbed into the body.
• Diagram that includes the major parts - mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver,
pancreas, and large intestine - and list the function(s) of each.

• Describe the path food travels throughout the digestive system.


Chew your food more -- it also helps with your digestion. Also called the throat, the pharynx is
the portion of the digestive tract that receives the food from your mouth. Branching off the
pharynx is the esophagus, which carries food to the stomach, and the trachea or windpipe, which
carries air to the lungs.
• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. Use 2 examples.
The circulatory system also carries chemical signals from your endocrine system that control the
speed of digestion.
Endocrine System
• Major functions of endocrine system - The endocrine system is the collection of glands
that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function,
sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.
• Describe what hormones are and what they do
Hormones are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body. After being
made in one part of the body, they travel to other parts of the body where they help control how
cells and organs do their work.
• Diagram that includes the major parts - hypothalamus, pituitary, thymus, thyroid,
parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes - and list the function(s) of each.

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. Use at least 2
examples.
The Endocrine System works with this system because it works as the transport system for
endocrine information. It basically works with the circulatory system to send hormones
throughout the body where they can be received by various organs and cells, and are then put to
use through bodily functions.

• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.


Thyroid Cancer, Type 1 Diabetes
Excretory System
• Major functions of excretory system
The Excretory system is responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by homeostasis.
There are several parts of the body that are involved in this process, such as sweat glands, the
liver, the lungs and the kidney system.
• Diagram that includes the major parts - lungs, kidneys, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra,
liver, and skin - and list the function(s) of each.

• Find 5 fun facts about your body system.


The bladder is around the same size and weight as the brain.
In your lifetime, on average, you will produce 7,850,000,000,000 gallons of urine. That's almost
1/12 of Lake Erie.
In each kidney you may have as many as 6.487 billion nephrons.
On average, each day you excrete about 0.25 gallons of urine that is how much is used to brush
your teeth!
Kidney stones can move around throughout your body, not just stay in the kidney
• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.
UTI
Kidney Failure

Muscular System
• Major functions of muscular system
• Describe the function and locations of each type of muscle – skeletal muscle, smooth
muscle, and cardiac muscle
• Diagram that includes the major muscles in the body - biceps, oblique abdominis,
sartorius, deltoid, orbicularis oculi, sternomastoid, gastrocnemius, pectoral, temporalis, gluteus
maximus, quadriceps, tibialis, masseter, rectus abdominis, and triceps
• Describe how muscles work in pairs to make parts of the body move using the biceps and
triceps as an example.
• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at
least 2 examples.
• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

Nervous System
• Description and major functions of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous
system.
• Diagram that includes the major parts - brain, spinal cord, nerves, and neurons - and list
the function(s) of each.
• Describe the path a nerve impulse travels throughout your body from stimulus to
response.
• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at
least 2 examples.
• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

Respiratory System
• Major functions of respiratory system
• Diagram that includes the major parts - trachea, lungs, diaphragm, epiglottis, larynx,
vocal cords - and list the function(s) of each.
• Describe the “breathing” process.
• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at
least 2 examples.
• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.
Skeletal System
• Major functions of skeletal system
• Diagram that includes the major parts -bones, ligaments, and tendon - and list the
function(s) of each. NOTE: Your diagram should also include the following bones in the body:
cranium, clavicle, humerus, scapula, sternum, rib, vertebra, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals,
phalanges, pelvis (may list parts), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, and metatarsals.
• Describe each of the following joints and where they are located: hinge, pivot, and ball-
and-socket. You may include other joints as well.
• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at
least 2 examples.
• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

1. What is homeostasis? Why is it important?


Answer: Humans' internal body temperature is a great example of homeostasis. When an
individual is healthy, his or her body temperature retains a temperature 98.6 degrees
Fahrenheit. Cells depend on the body environment to live and function. Homeostasis
keeps the body environment under control and keeps the conditions right for cells to live
and function. Without the right body conditions, certain processes (eg osmosis) and
proteins (eg enzymes) will not function properly.

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